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A  MANUAL  FOR  ASPIRANTS 
FOR  COMMISSIONS  IN  THE 

UNITED  STATES 


^ 


MILITARY  SERVICE 


By    CAPT.    IRA     L.    REEVES 


GIFT  OF 
Miss  J.   T.   Vinther 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2008  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/comnnisionaspirOOreevrich 


A  MANUAL  FOR 
ASPIRANTS  FOR  COMMISSIONS 

IN  THE 

United  States  Military  Service 


BY 

IRA  L.  REEVES. 

Captain  U.  S.  Army. 


FRANKIilN    HUDSON    PUBLISHING   CO., 

KANSAS  CITY,  MO. 

1910. 


Copyrighted  1901, 

By  Frankliu  Hudson  Publishing  Co., 

Kansas  Ciii>y,  ii/). 


.  Copyr^c^ied  1910, 

By  Frftuljlin  HndsoQ  Publishing  Co., 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 


GIFT  OF 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 
PrEfaci^ 5 

CHAPTER  I. 
Introductory  7 

CHAPTER  XL 
Appointments  to  the  Army  oe  Graduates  of  the  United 

States  Military  Academy 1 1 

Brief   History  of  the  Academy 12 

Appointments,  How  Made,  Date  of,  Alternates 14,  15,  16 

Examination  and  Admission  of  Candidates 16 

Qualifications   18 

Character  of  Examinations 18 

Academic   Duties 34 

Physical  Examination  of  Cadets 35 

Vacations  and  Leaves  of  Absence '. 35 

Pay  of   Cadets 36 

Deposit  Prior  to  Admission zi 

Promotion  After  Graduation yj 

Recitation    Schedule 38 

The  Course  of  Study  by  Departments 41 

Corps  Organization 58 

Classification  of  Cadets 58 

CHAPTER  HI. 

Promotion  of  Enjlisted  Men 60 

Appointments    in     the     Cavalry,    Field    Artillery,    and 

Infan  try 60 

Qualifications  of   Applicants 62 

Application  for  Examination 62 

Preliminary  Physical  Examination 64 

Prelimmary  Moral  Character  and  Mental  Examination 64 

Final  Examination 66 

Final  Physical  Examination 6y 


921576 


vi  Contents. 

Page. 

Final  Moral  Character  and  Mental  Examination 68 

Examination  as  to  Fitness  for  Mounted  Service 69 

Report  of  Examining  Board,  and  Assignments 69 

Appointments  in  the  Coast  Artillery '. 70 

Examination  for  Appointment  in  the  Coast  Artillery 70 

Qualifications  of  Applicants 70 

Application  for  Examination • , 70 

Preliminary  Physical  Examination 72 

Preliminary  Mental  Examination y^ 

Final  Examination 74 

Final  Physical  Examination 75 

Final  Examination,  Moral  Character  and  Mental 76 

Report  of  Examining  Board 78 

Assignments    •. .  78 

Form  for  Individual  Record  of  Candidate  (for  all  Arms 

of  the  Service) 79 

Specimen  Questions  Asked  at  an  Examination ' 

(See  Chapter  XV.) 

CHAPTER  IV. 

Appointme:nts  from  Civil  Lif^ "- 81 

Appointments   to   the   Cavalry,   F'ield   Artillery   and 

Infantry .82 

Examining  Boards  :  How  Constituted 82 

Those  Eligible  for  Appointment §2 

Physical  Examination 83 

Moral  Character  and  Mental  Examination 84 

Examination  as  to  Fitness  for  Mounted  Service 86 

Report  of  Examining  Board 86 

Appointments  to  the  Coast  Artillery 87 

Applications,  How  Made 87 

Examining  Board,  How  Constituted * 87 

Qualifications  of  Candidates 88 

Examination    88 

Specimen  Questions (See  Chapter  XV.) 

CHAPTER  V. 

Appointme:nts  to  thh:  Porto  Rico  Re:gime:nt  of  Infantry 93 

Boards  for  the  Examination  of  Applicants. 94 

Qualifications  for  Appointment 94 


Contents.  vii 

Page . 

Applications  for  Examination 95 

Physical  Examination 95 

Moral  and  Mental  Examination 96 

Examination  for  Promotion  in  the  Porto  Rico  Regiment.. 98 
Form  for  Individual  Record  of  Candidate 98 

CHAPTER  VI. 

x\ppointme;nts  to  the:  Philippine  Scouts 99 

Examination  for  Appointment 100 

Examination  for  Promotion  or  Re- Appointment 104 

Professional  Examination  of  Officers  of  the  Philippine 

Scouts 105 

Form  for  Individual  Record  of  Candidate  for  Original 

Appointment 107 

CHAPTER  VII. 
Appointmejnt  to  the:  Grade:  of  Third  LiE:uTeNANT  in  the 

Philippine    Constabulary 109 

Duties  of  Constabulary  Officers 109 

Pay  of  Constabulary  Officers no 

Cost  of  Living no 

Appointments   in 

Leaves  of  Absence,  Etc in 

Climate    112 

Examinations  and  Appointments  in  the  Constabulary 112 

Rules  for  Examination 115 

Description  of  Examinations 117 

Specimen    Questions 117 

CHAPTER  VIII. 
Commissions  in  Volunteer  Forces  Which  May  Hereafter 

BE  Organized 124 

Act  of  Congress  Making  Provision  for  Eligible  List 126 

Boards  for  the  Examination  of  Applicants 127 

Qualifications  of  Applicants 127 

Applications  for  Examination 128 

Organization  of  E'xamining  Boards 129 

The  Examination 129 

Infantry   '. 137 

Cavalry   138 

Field   Artillery    139 


viii  Contents. 

Page. 

Coast  Artillery 140 

Engineers    141 

Signal  Corps 142 

Adjutant  General's  Department 143 

Inspector  General's  Department 144 

Quartermaster  General's  Department 144 

Subsistence  Department 145 

Ordnance   Department 146 

Medical  Department 146 

Pay   Department 147 

Judge- Advocate  General's  Department 148 

CHAPTER  IX. 

A'Short  Talk  with  Ne:wly  Appointi^d  Officers 151 

Oath  of  Office 151 

Re'ports 152 

Uniforms,  Arms  and  Equipment 152 

Social  Customs i54 

Library    154 

Performance  of  Duty I54 

Income  and  Expenditures 155 

Habits    156 

CHAPTER  X. 

Enlisting  for  a  Commission 157 

The  Disciplinary  Gulf I57 

Food  and  Clothing I57 

The  Enlisted  Men  as  a  Tvpe 158 

The  Soldier's  Routine 158 

The  Arms  of  the  Service I59 

Assistance  of  Officers i59 

Some   Pointers 160 

CHAPTER  XL 

The:  Enlistfd  Mfn 161 

The  Enlisted  Men  of  the  Regular  Army 161 

Requirements  to  Enter  the  Service 163 

Declaration  of  Applicant  for  Enlistment 167 

Form  of  Consent  in  Case  the  Applicant  Is  a  Minor 168 

Oath  of  Enlistment 168 


Contents.  ix 

Page. 

Pay  and  Allowances  of  Enlisted  Men 169 

Location  of  General  Recruiting  Stations,  U.  S.  Army 174 

CHAPTER  XII. 

The:  Army 178 

The  Military  Educational  System  of  the  Army 178 

Rank  and  Precedence  of  Officers  and  Non-Commissioned 

Officers  1 79 

Appointments  and  Promotions 181 

Military  Division  and  Departments 183 

Authorized   Strength 186 

I  CHAPTER  Xni. 

A  Few  Words  from  a  Soldij:r's  Dictionary 187 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

Military  Schools  and  Colleges 193 

Military  Instruction 193 

Distinguished    Institutions,    Appointment    of    Honor 

Graduates   194 

Classification  of  Institutions 195 

List  of  Institutions 195 

List  of  Institutions  Having  Army  Details 197 

CPIAPTER  XV. 
Specimen  Questions 200 


PREFACE. 


In  1 90 1  the  writer  prepared  a  little  volume  called  ''A  Manual 
for  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the  United  States  Army."  It  was 
well  received  and,  it  is  hoped,  served  as  an  aid  to  many  aspiring 
and  ambitious  young  men.  But  the  rapid  changes  taking  place  in 
the  Army  following  the  Spanish-American  War  soon  placed  this 
little  work  in  the  back-number  class.  An  effort  at  revision  has 
been  repeatedly  attempted,  but  lack  of  time  has  always  prevented 
the  completion  of  this  work.  The  changes  in  the  Service  have  gone 
on  until  now  a  revision  would  mean  practically  new  matter  through- 
out, and  to  call  it  a  "revised  edition"  would  be  stretching  the  im- 
agination beyond  its  guaranteed  elasticity,  so  a  new  volume  is 
here  offered. 

The  former  book  dealt  with  commissions  in  the  Regular  Army 
only.  This  one  includes  the  Porto  Rico  Regiment,  the  Philippine 
Scouts,  the  Philippine  Constabulary,  and  the  "qualified  list"  for 
commissions  in  a  volunteer  army,  should  one  be  required  to  meet 
the  contingency  of  future  wars.  The  very  latest  orders  covering 
the  examinations  for  appointment  in  the  different  organizations 
here  named  have  been  sought,  and  it  is  believed  the  work  is  strictly 
up  to  date  in  all  these  matters. 

While  there  is  considerable  original  matter,  most,  or  at  least  a 
great  part  of  it  is  copied  from  General  Orders,  as  it  is  thought  best  to 
take  the  original  as  it  comes  from  the  Adjutant  General's  office, 
rather  than  attempt  any  interpretations  with  the  possibility  of 
causing  someone  to  make  mistakes  for  which  they  could  justly  hold 
the  writer,  or  compiler,  responsible. 


6  Preface. 

It  is  desired  to  give  credit,  as  sources  of  information  in  pre- 
paring this  book,  to  the  following:  United  States  Army  Regula- 
tions, General  Orders  from  the  Adjutant  General's  Office,  and  orders 
and  circulars  from  the  Headquarters  of  the  Philippine  Constab- 
ulary, Manila,  P.  I. 

Ira  ly.  Reeves. 

Allerton,  Mass.,  September,  19 lo. 


CHAPTER  I. 


Introductory. 

"For  gold  the  merchant  plows  the  main, 
The  farmer  plows  the  manor; 
But  glory  is  the  soldier's  prize, 

The  soldier's  wealth  is  honor." — Btirns. 

A  young  man  seeking  a  commission  in  the  United  States  Army 
is  embarking  upon  a  very  creditable  enterprise,  and  the  ambition 
prompting  such  a  step  is  laudable.  It  makes  no  difference  which 
road  is  taken  to  arrive  at  the  end  sought,  the  accomplishment  is 
diflfiicult. 

An  Army  officer  has  no  sinecure.  Contrary  to  a  popular  im- 
pression, his  life  is  not  made  up  of  full-dress  balls,  parades,  revelry, 
gold-laced  uniforms,  and  big  pay.  No  "gilded  satrap"  for  him. 
It  is  true  there  are  balls  and  parades,  and  he  wears  a  gold-laced 
uniform — at  times— but  now-a-days  it  is  the  olive  drab,  the  leather 
leggings,  the  campaign  hat,  and  the  "hike." 

In  addition  to  an  officer's  strictly  military  duties,  there  are 
long  hours  of  preparation  for  his  educational  course  and  for  his  ex- 
aminations for  promotion. 

While  drills  are  many  and  taxing,  there  are  in  addition  the 
guard  duties,  the  court-martial  duties,  the  boards  of  survey,  and 
many  other  duties  calling  for  a  diversity  of  knowledge  and  a  careful 
and  painstaking  training. 

The  pay  is  moderate.  It  compares  very  favorably  with  that 
of  professions  in  civil  life  requiring  an  equal  amount  of  preparation. 

In  order  for  an  officer  to  succeed,  his  ambition  must  be  backed 
7 


8  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

by  real  patriotism.  He  must  constantly  keep  before  him  the  wel- 
fare of  his  country,  the  Army,  his  regiment,  and  his  company.  Love 
of  country  and  esprit  de  corps  must  be  his  guiding-stars. 

But  this  chapter  is  introductory,  and  must  not  encroach  on  the 
duties  of  one  of  its  fellows. 

Recent  years  have  worked  great  changes  in  the  Army.  The 
proportionate  number  of  graduates  of  the  U.  S.  Military  Academy 
holding  commissions  in  the  Army,  to  the  whole  number,  has  greatly 
decreased  in  the  face  of  the  fact  that  the  number  graduating  has 
gradually  increased.  This  condition  came  about  through  increasing 
the  Army  (a  direct  result  of  the  Spanish- American  War),  and  the 
consequent  increase  in  the  number  of  officers,  making  it  necessary 
to  appoint  many  from  the  Army,  from  the  volunteers,  and  from 
civil  life.  Should  there  be  no  more  wars,  and  the  strength  of  the 
Army  remain  as  it  now  is,  the  percentage  of  graduates  will  again 
increase,  and  in  time  will  return  to  where  it  was  before  the  com- 
paratively recent  increases  in  the  authorized  strength  of  the  Army. 

At  the  present  time  the  chances  for  enlisted  men  to  secure 
appointments  are  good.  The  number  offering  themselves  for  ex- 
amination will,  tilways,  no  doubt,  greatly  exceed  the  number  of 
vacancies  left  open  for  the  enlisted  men,  but  this  condition  leaves 
room  for  a  weeding-out  process,  making  it  possible  to  select  from  a 
large  number  the  best  of  the  material  offered.  Chapter  III.  is  de- 
voted to  the  appointment  of  enlisted  men  and  the  rules  and  regula- 
tions governing  the  examinations. 

The  civilian  appointee  has  been  largely  in  evidence  since  1898, 
but  the  number  now  being  appointed  has  dwindled  into  very  small 
figures,  and,  unless  legislation  now  pending  increases  the  number 
of  commissioned  officers  of  the  Army,  the  chances  will  remain  about 
as  they  are  at  present.  These  appointments  are,  by  recent  policy, 
confined  almost  entirely  to  honor  graduates  of  military  schools 
having  Army  officers  detailed  as  professors  of  military  science  and 


United  States  Military  Service.  9 

tactics.  Chapter  IV.  deals  with  appointments  from  civil  life,  and 
will  no  doubt  answer  all  questions  arising  in  the  mind  of  the  reader 
who  may  be  interested. 

The  Philippine  Constabulary  and  the  Philippine  Scouts  open 
new  avenues  of  service.  Both  offer  to  the  young  man  an  inter- 
esting experience,  good  remuneration,  and  a  valuable  training.  As 
must  be  surmised,  the  service  is  confined  entirely  to  the  Philippine 
archipelago.  These  appointments  are  covered  in  Chapters  VI. 
and  VII. 

The  Porto  Rico  Regiment  offers  but  few  vacancies  and  these, 
with  possibly  a  few  exceptions,  will  go  to  native  Porto  Ricans.  It 
is  a  splendid  regiment,  doing  garrison  duty  on  the  Island  of  Porto 
Rico.  The  enlisted  men  are  natives  and  have  shown  remarkable 
aptitude  for  the  military.  Chapter  V.  deals  with  this  regiment  and 
the  appointments  in  it. 

Commissions  in  any  volunteer  forces  which  may  hereafter  be 
organized  cannot  fail  to  interest  any  American  citizen.  In  the  past 
there  was  no  system  under  which  officers  for  such  a  force  could  be 
at  once  designated  with  any  assurance  that  the  one  necessary 
qualification — efficiency — had  not  been  overlooked.  It  is  believed 
that  the  system  of  examinations  provided  for  by  recent  Act  of 
Congress,  and  the  rules  and  regulations  published  by  the  War  De- 
partment (Chapter  VIII.,  this  volume),  vitalizing  the  Act,  will  se- 
cure an  eligible  list  of  officers  for  volunteer  regiments,  which  would 
make  the  work  of  "whipping  into  shape"  a  volunteer  army  a  com- 
paratively easy  task. 

Newly-appointed  officers  will  no  doubt  be  interested  in  a  few 
words  of  advice  which  they  will  find  in  Chapter  IX. 

The  matter  of  enlisting  for  a  commission  is  treated  in  Chapter 
X.  A  young  man  who  has  the  education  and  training  necessary 
to  secure  a  commission  from  the  ranks  will  also  have  sufficient  judg- 
ment to  cause  him  to  thoroughly  consider  the  advisability  of  en- 


lo  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

listing  for  this  purpose,  and  will,  it  is  hoped,  gain  some  knowledge 
from  the  reading  of  this  chapter  that  will  aid  him  in  arriving  at 
a  decision. 

All  must  be  interested  in  the  Enlisted  Man.  There  could  not 
be  much  of  an  Army  without  soldiers.  The  officer  who  is  not  in- 
terested in  the  soldier  fails  to  have  a  proper  conception  of  his  duty. 
It  is  for  the  training  and  leading  of  soldiers  that  officers  are  created. 
The  Enlisted  Man,  his  pay  and  findings,  are  discussed  in  Chapter  X . 

It  is  hardly  a  function  of  a  treatise  of  this  kind  to  enter  into 
the  almost  inexhaustible  subject  of  "The  Army."  The  one  volume 
of  Army  Regulations  alone  is  a  book  of  nearly  four  hundred  pages, 
and  yet  but  very  little  comparatively  can  be  gleaned  from  a  perusal 
of  its  paragraphs.  There  are,  however,  a  few  elementary  things 
which  it  seems  necessary  should  find  a  place  here.  They  are  given 
in  Chapter  XII. 

In  addition  to  the  "King's  English,"  the  soldier  has  a  language 
of  his  own — his  "technical"  language,  if  you  please.  While  the 
use  of  Army  slang  is  much  more  common  with  the  enlisted  man 
than  with  the  officer,  it  cannot  but  add  some  to  a  newly-appointed 
officer's  military  accomplishments  to  possess  a  talking  knowledge 
of  Army  "Esperanto."  A  Few  Words  from  a  Soldier's  Dictionary 
(Chapter  XIII.)  will  give  a  vocabulary  without  the  grammar. 

Chapter  XIV.  has  been  added  because  of  the  recent  policy  of 
appointing  honor  graduates,  from  institutions  of  learning  having 
Army  officers  detailed  as  professors  of  military  science  and  tactics. 
In  addition  to  a  list  of  these  schools  and  their  classification, 
other  information  is  given  which  will  be  necessary  to  a  young  man 
seeking  a  commission  by  this  route. 

Some  specimen  questions  asked  at  recent  examinations  are 
given  in  Chapter  XV.  An  idea^of  the  scope  of  the  examination 
may  be  obtained  from  these. 


CHAPTER  IL 


Appointments  to  the  Army  from  Graduates  of  the  United 
States  Military  Academy. 

brief  history  of  the  academy. — appointments,  how  made,  date 
of,  alternates. examination  and  admission  of  candi- 
dates, qualifications,  character  of  examinations. — aca- 
demic duties.  physical  examination.  vacations  and 

leaves  of  absence. pay  of  cadets. deposit  prior  to  ad- 
mission.  promotion  after  graduation. — recitation  sched- 
ule.  the  course  of  study  by  departments. — corps  or- 
ganization.— classification  of  cadets. 

*'I  give  it  as  my  fixed  opinion  that,  but  for  our  graduated  ca- 
dets, the  war  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico  might,  and 
probably  would,  have  lasted  some  four  or  five  years,  with,  in  its  first 
half,  more  defeats  than  victories  falling  to  our  share;  whereas,  in 
less  than  two  campaigns,  we  conquered  a  great  country  and  a  peace, 
without  the  loss  of  a  single  battle  or  skirmish." — Winfield  Scott. 

"The  education  and  manly  training  imparted  to  young  men  at 
West  Point  has  repaid  the  United  States  a  thousand  times  its  cost, 
and  more  than  verified  the  predictions  of  General  Washington. 
Every  cadet  at  West  Point  is  an  appointee  of  a  member  of  Congress, 
every  member  having  a  cadet  of  his  own  nomination  there,  with 
only  ten  appointed  by  the  President  at  large.  The  corps  of  cadets 
is  therefore  a  youthful  counterpart  of  our  national  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives. The  same  laws,  the  same  regulations,  the  same  in- 
struction, books,  clothing,  and  food  are  common  to  all,  and  a  more 
democratic  body  never  existed  on  earth  than  is  the  corps  of  cadets." 
— W,  T.  Sherman. 

n 


12  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

"This  institution  has  completed  its  first  hundred  years  of  life. 
During  that  century  no  other  educational  institution  in  the  land 
has  contributed  as  many  names  as  West  Point  has  contributed  to 
the  honor-roll  of  the  nation's  greatest  citizens." — Theodore  Roosevelt. 

BRIEF  HISTORY  OF  THE  ACADEMY. 

To  General  Henry  Knox,  famous  artillery  officer  of  the  War 
of  the  Revolution,  and  later  appointed  by  Congress  Secretary  of 
War,  should  be  given  the  credit  of  first  conceiving  the  idea  of  a  na- 
tional military  academy  for  the  education  of  officers  for  the  perma- 
nent military  establishment. 

He,  no  doubt,  observed  from  the  very  beginning  of  the  War  of 
Independence  the  necessity  for  trained  engineers  and  artillerists 
in  the  patriot  Army.  This  necessity  was,  in  a  measure,  supplied 
by  foreigners,  chiefly  Frenchmen.  He  proposed  a  plan  to  establish 
a  military  academy  with  a  fixed  home,  where  pupils  (cadets)  would 
be  educated  chiefly  in  the  theory  of  war,  leaving  the  practice  to  be 
gained  in  active  service.  He  made  a  report  to  a  committee  of  Con- 
gress on  the  27th  of  September,  1776,  in  which  he  advocated  an 
academy  "nearly  on  the  same  plan  as  that  of  Woolwich"  (school 
for  candidates  for  the  Royal  Engineers  and  Royal  Artillery,  Wool- 
wich, England).  These  views  were  afterward  supported  by  Alex- 
ander Hamilton  and  approved  by  Washington.  The  plan,  however, 
was  not  carried  out  until  1802,  when  the  United  States  Military 
Academy  was  established  at  West  Point,  N.  Y.,  by  act  of  Congress, 
approved  March  16,  1802.  This  act  authorized  the  President  to 
organize  and  establish  a  Corps  of  Engineers,  to  consist  of  five  officers 
and  ten  cadets,  to  be  stationed  at  West  Point.  The  Academy,  with 
ten  cadets  present,  was  formally  opened  on  July  4,  1802. 

Other  acts,  in  1802  and  1808,  authorized  40  cadets  from  the 
artillery,  100  from  the  infantry,  16  from  the  dragoons,  and  20  from 
the  riflemen.  But  few  of  these  were  appointed,  and  no  provision 
was  made  for  them  at  the  Academy. 


United  States  Military  Service.  13 

In  1 8 10  the  Academy  was  deprived  of  nearly  all  means  of 
instruction,  and  officers  and  cadets  had  difficulty  in  obtaining 
their  pay. 

During  the  greater  part  of  1 8 1 1  and  a  part  of  1 8 1 2  instruction 
was  practically  abandoned.  In  March  of  the  latter  year  there  was 
not  a  single  instructor.  Up  to  and  including  this  time,  however, 
there  had  been  eighty-eight  graduated.  They  had  entered  from  all 
ages  from  tw^elve  to  thirty-four  years,  without  mental  or  physical 
examination,  and  at  any  time  of  the  year. 

The  Academy  was  reorganized  by  act  of  Congress  of  April  29, 
18 1 2,  and  the  provisions  of  this  act  have  furnished  the  general 
principles  on  which  the  Academy  has  since  been  conducted.  It 
authorized  a  more  adequate  corps  of  professors  and  established  a 
maximum  of  250  cadets.  It  also  prescribed  an  age-limit  and  cer- 
tain mental  qualifications.  The  present  era  in  the  Academy's 
history  really  began  under  the  able  superintendency  of  Major 
Sylvanus  Thayer,  Corps  of  Engineers,  in  18 17. 

It  was  not  until  1843  that  a  prescribed  residence  was  a  legal 
qualification  for  entrance,  but  the  custom  had  grown  of  selecting 
I  cadet  from  each  Congressional  district,  and  in  this  year  it  was 
made  a  law.  In  addition  to  allotting  i  cadet  from  each  Congres- 
sional district,  i  from  each  Territory,  i  from  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, 10  from  the  United  States  at  large,  to  be  appointed  by 
the  President,  was  authorized  at  the  same  time.  Subsequent  acts 
have  increased  the  authorized  number  of  appointments,  but  these 
are  noted  later  in  this  chapter. 

The  total  number  of  graduated  cadets  to  date  is  slightly  less 
than  5,000. 

The  heads  of  the  scientific  departments  (mathematics,  etc.), 
are  permanent;  and  of  the  professional,  such  as  ordnance,  cavalry, 
are  detailed  for  terms  of  four  years  from  officers  of  the  Army.  The 
instructors  in  all  departments  are  Army, officers,  usually  lieuten- 


14  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

ants,  detailed  for  this  purpose,  and  number  about  one  instructor 
to  ten  cadets. 

The  instruction  is  thorough.  A  "mark''  is  given  for  each 
recitation,  and  the  sum  of  a  cadet's  "marks"  determines  his  stand- 
ing in  his  class,  and  upon  this  standing  his  first  promotion  to  the 
Army  is  based. 

On  graduation,  the  upper  men  of  each  class  are  usually  as- 
signed to  the  engineers,  the  next  to  the  artillery,  and  then  to  the 
cavalry  and  infantry,  in  the  order  named. 

The  body  of  students  at  the  Academy  is  known  as  the  "United 
States  Corps  of  Cadets,"  and  constitutes  an  independent  command. 
The  cadets  are  a  part  of  the  Army,  but  are  not  commissioned  offi- 
cers. They  rank  next  below  veterinarians,  and  take  precedence 
over  all  non-commissioned  officers  of  the  Regular  Army. 

The  average  attendance  for  the  past  five  years  has  been  459; 
the  authorized  number  is  523. 

Communications  relating  to  matters  connected  with  the  Mili- 
tary Academy  should  be  addressed  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the 
Army,  Washington,  D.  C.  Information  as  to  appointments,  ex- 
aminations, vacancies,  etc.,  can  always  be  had  by  applying  to  his 
office.  The  latest  information,  at  date  of  this  publication,  is  as 
follows: 

APPOINTMENTS. 

HOW  MADE. 

Each  Congressional  district  and  Territory — the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia and  also  Porto  Rico — is  entitled  to  have  one  cadet  at  the 
Academy.  ,Each  State  is  also  entitled  to  have  two  cadets  from  the 
State  at  large,  and  forty  are  allowed  from  the  United  States  at  large. 
The  law,  however,  provides  that  for  six  years  from  July  i,  19 10, 
whenever  any  cadet  shall  have  finished  three  years  of  his  course  at 
the  Academy,  his  successor  may  be  admitted.     The  appointment 


United  States  Military  Service,  15 

from  a  Congressional  district  is  made  upon  the  recommendation  of 
the  Representative  in  Congress  from  that  district,  and  those  from  a 
State  at  large  upon  the  recommendations  of  the  senators  of  the 
State.  Similarly  the  appointment  from  a  Territory  is  made  upon 
the  recommendation  of  the  delegate  in  Congress.  The  appointment 
from  the  District  of  Columbia  is  made  on  the  recommendation  of  the 
Commissioners  of  the  District.  Each  person  appointed  must  be  an 
actual  resident  of  the  State,  District,  or  Territory  from  which  the 
appointment  is  made. 

The  appointments  from  the  United  States  at  large  are  made  by 
the  President  of  the  United  States  upon  his  own  selection.  The 
cadet  from  Porto  Rico,  who  must  be  a  native  of  that  island,  is  ap- 
pointed by  the  President  on  the  recommendation  of  the  resident 
Commissioner. 

The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  permit  not  exceeding 
four  Filipinos,  to  be  designated,  one  for  each  class,  by  the  Philippine 
Commission,  to  receive  instruction  at  the  United  States  Military 
Academy  at  West  Point:  Provided,  That  the  Filipinos  undergoing 
instruction  shall  receive  the  same  pay,  allowances,  and  emoluments 
as  are  authorized  by  law  for  cadets  at  the  Military  Academy  ap- 
pointed from  the  United  States,  to  be  paid  out  of  the  same  appro- 
priations: And  provided  further.  That  said  Filipinos  undergoing 
instruction  on  graduation  shall  be  eligible  only  to  commissions  in 
the  Philippine  Scouts.  And  the  provisions  of  Section  1321,  Revised 
Statutes,  are  modified  in  the  case  of  the  Filipinos  undergoing  in- 
struction, so  as  to  require  them  to  engage  to  serve  for  eight  years, 
unless  sooner  discharged,  in  the  Philippine  Scouts. 

DATE  OF  APPOINTMENTS. 

Appointments  are  required  by  law  to  be  made  one  year  in  ad- 
vance of  the  date  of  admission,  except  in  cases  where,  by  reason  of 
death  or  other  cause,  a  vacancy  occurs  which  cannot  be  provided  for 


1 6  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

by  such  appointment  in  advance.     These  vacancies  are  filled  in  time 
for  the  next  examination. 

ALTERNATES. 

For  each  candidate  appointed  there  should  be  nominated  two 
alternates.  The  principal  and  each  alternate  will  receive  from  the 
War  Department  a  letter  of  appointment,  and  must  appear  for  ex- 
amination at  the  time  and  place  therein  designated.*  The  fitness 
for  admission  to  the  Academy  of  the  principal  and  the  alternates 
will  be  determined  as  prescribed  in  paragraphs  19  and  20,  Regula- 
tions United  States  Military  Academy.  If  the  principal  fails  to 
qualify,  either  mentally  or  physically,  then  the  qualifications  of  the 
alternates  will  be  considered,  and  if  only  one  has  met  the  require- 
ments, he  will  be  admitted ;  if  both  alternates  have  met  the  require- 
ments, the  better  qualified  will  be  admitted.  The  alternates,  like 
the  principal,  should  be  designated  one  year  in  advance  of  the  date 
of  admission. 

EXAMINATION  AND  ADMISSION  OF  CANDIDATES. 

The  following  are  extracts  from  the  Regulations  of  the  Military 
Academy  relating  to  the  examination  of  candidates  for  admission, 
and  will  be  strictly  adhered  to : 

"19.  On  the  second  Tuesday  in  January  of  each  year  candi- 
dates selected  for  appointment  (except  the  Filipino  candidates) 
shall  appear  for  mental  and  physical  examination  before  boards 
of  Army  officers  to  be  convened  at  such  places  as  the  War  Depart- 
ment may  designate.  The  Filipino  candidates  selected  for  appoint- 
ment, unless  otherwise  notified  by  the  War  Department,  shall  ap- 
pear for  mental  and  physical  examination  on  the  second  Tuesday  in 
October  of  each  year  before  a  board  of  Army  officers  to  be  convened 
at  such  place  in  the  Philippine  Islands  as  the  Commanding  General 

♦The  board  before  which  a  candidate  is  directed  to  appear  will  be,  with- 
out exception,  the  one  convened  at  the  place  nearest  or  most  convenient  to  his 
home,  or  to  the  school  at  which  he  is  in  regular  attendance  at  the  time  of 
appointment. 


United  States  Military  Service.  17 

of  the  Philippine  Division  may  designate.  Candidates  who  pass 
will  be  admitted  to  the  Academy  without  further  examination  upon 
reporting  in  person  to  the  Superintendent  before  1 2  o'clock  noon  on 
the  first  day  of  March  following  the  examination. 

"20.  Each  candidate,  before  admission  to  the  Academy,  must 
show  by  examination,  as  prescribed  in  paragraph  19,  that  he  is  well 
versed  in  algebra,  to  include  quadratic  equations  and  progressions, 
plane  geometry,  English  grammar,  composition  and  literature,  de- 
scriptive and  physical  geography,  and  general  and  United  States 
history,  as  explained  in  the  circulars  of  notification.  No  rejected 
candidate  shall  be  re-examined,  except  upon  recommendation  of 
the  Academic  Board. 

"22.  Immediately  after  reporting  to  the  Superintendent  for 
admission,  and  before  receiving  his  warrant  of  appointment,  the 
candidate  is  required  to  sign  an  engagement  for  service  in  the  fol- 
lowing form,  and  in  the  presence  of  the  Superintendent,  or  of  some 
officer  deputed  by  him : 

"  'I,  ,  of  the  State  (or  Territory)  of  ,  aged 

years  months,  do  hereby  engage  (with  the  consent 

of  my  parent  or  guardian)  that,  from  the  date  of  my  admission  as  a 
cadet  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy,  I  will  serve  in  the 
Army  of  the  United  States  for  eight  years,  unless  sooner  discharged 
by  competent  authority. 

"  *In  the  presence  of / 

"The  candidate  is  then  required  to  take  and  subscribe  an  oath 
or  affirmation  in  the  following  form : 

"  'I,-— ..— ,  do  solemnly  swear  that  I  will  support  the 

Constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  bear  true  allegiance  to  the 
national  Government;  that  I  will  maintain  and  defend  the  sover- 
eignty of  the  United  States,  paramount  to  any  and  all  allegiance, 
sovereignty,  or  fealty  I  may  owe  to  any  State  or  country  whatsoever; 
and  that  I  will  at  all  times  obey  the  legal  orders  of  my  superior  offi- 
cers, and  the  rules  and  articles  governing  the  armies  of  the  United 
States. 

"  'Sworn  and  subscribed,  at ,  this day  of , 

nineteen  hundred  and ,  before  me. 


1 8  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

QUALIFICATIONS. 

No  candidate  shall  be  admitted  who  is  under  seventeen  or  over 
twenty-two  years  of  age,  or  less  than  five  feet  four  inches  in  height 
at  the  age  of  seventeen,  or  five  feet  five  inches  in  height  at  the  age 
of  eighteen  and  upward,  or  who  is  deformed,  or  afflicted  with  any 
disease  or  infirmity  which  would  render  him  unfit  for  the  military 
service,  or  who  has,  at  the  time  of  presenting  himself,  any  disorder 
of  an  infectious  or  immoral  character.  Candidates  must  be  un- 
married. 

Each  candidate  must,  on  reporting  at  West  Point,  present  a 
certificate  showing  successful  vaccination  within  one  year,  or  a  cer- 
tificate of  two  vaccinations,  made  at  least  a  month  apart,  within 
three  months. 

Note. — Candidates  are  eligible  for  admission  from  the  day  they 
are  seventeen  until  the  day  they  become  twenty-two  years  of  age, 
on  which  latter  day  they  are  not  eligible. 

It  is  suggested  to  all  candidates  for  admission  to  the  Military 
Academy  that,  before  leaving  their  places  of  residence  for  the  place 
of  examination,  they  should  cause  themselves  to  be  thoroughly  ex- 
amined by  a  competent  physician,  and  by  a  teacher  or  instructor  in 
good  standing.  By  such  examinations  any  serious  physical  dis- 
qualification or  deficiency  in  mental  preparation  would  be  revealed. 

It  should  be  understood  that  the  informal  examination  herein 
recommended  is  solely  for  the  convenience  and  benefit  of  the  candi- 
date himself,  and  can  in  no  manner  affect  the  decision  of  the  Aca- 
demic and  Medical  Examining  Boards. 

CHARACTER  OF  EXAMINATIONS. 

THE  PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION. 

Upon  the  completion  of  the  mental  examination,  all  candidates 
will  be  thoroughly  examined  physically  by  the  medical  officers  of 


United  States  Military  Service,  19 

the  board,  under  the  following  instructions  prepared  by  the  Surgeon- 
General  of  the  Army: 

Hearing  must  be  normal  in  both  ears. 

Vision,  as  determined  by  the  official  test  types,  must  not  fall 
below  20 — 40  in  either  eye  and  not  below  20 — 20,  unless  the  defect 
is  a  simple  refractive  error  (not  hyperopia),  is  not  due  to  ocular 
disease,  and  entirely  corrected  by  proper  glasses. 

In  the  record  of  all  examinations,  the  acuity  of  vision  without 
glasses,  and  also  with  glasses  when  the  acuity  is  less  than  20 — 20, 
will  be  given  for  each  eye  separately;  in  the  latter  case  the  correc- 
tion will  also  be  noted. 

Hyperopia  requiring  any  spherical  correction,  anisometropia, 
squint,  or  muscular  insufficiency,  if  marked,  are  causes  for  rejection. 

Color-blindness,  red,  green,  or  violet,  is  cause  for  rejection. 

The  following  are  causes  of  disqualification  if  found  to  exist  to 
such  a  degree  as  w^ould  immediately  or  at  no  very  distant  period 
impair  the  efficiency  of  the  candidate : 

1.  Feeble  constitution;  unsound  health  from  whatever  cause; 
indications  of  former  disease,  glandular  swellings,  or  other  symptoms 
of  scrofula. 

2.  Chronic  cutaneous  affections,  especially  of  the  scalp. 

3.  Severe  injuries  of  the  bones  of  the  head;  convulsions. 

4.  Impaired  vision,  from  whatever  cause;  inflammatory  af- 
fections of  the  eyelids;  immobility  or  irregularity  of  the  iris;  fis- 
tula lachrymalis,  etc.,  etc. 

5.  Deafness;  copious  discharge  from  the  ears. 

6.  Loss   of   many   teeth,    or   the   teeth   generally   unsound. 

7.  Impediment  of  speech. 

8.  Want  of  due  capacity  of  the  chest,  and  any  other  indica- 
tion of  a  liability  to  a  pulmonic  disease. 

9.  Impaired  or  inadequate  efficiency  of  one  or  both  of  the 
superior  extremities  on  account  of  fractures,  especially  of  the 
clavicle;  contraction  of  a  joint,  deformity,  etc. 


20  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

10.  An  unusual  excurvature  or  incurvature  of  the  spine. 

11.  Hernia. 

12.  A  varicose  state  of  the  veins  of  the  scrotum  or  spermatic 
cord  (when  large),  hydrocele,  hemorrhoids,  fistulas. 

13.  Impaired  or  inadequate  efficiency  of  one  or  both  of  the 
inferior  extremities  on  account  of  varicose  veins,  fractures,  malform- 
ation (flat  feet,  etc.),  lameness,  contraction,  unequal  length,  bunions, 
overlying  or  supernumerary  toes,  etc.,  etc. 

14.  Ulcers,  or  unsound  cicatrices  of  ulcers  likely  to  break 
out  afresh. 

The  requirements  of  the  following  tables  of  physical  proportions 
are  minimum  for  growing  youths  and  for  the  guidance  of  medical 
officers  in  connection  with  the  other  data  of  the  examination,  a 
consideration  of  all  of  which  should  determine  the  candidate's  phys- 
ical eligibility.  Mere  fulfillment  of  the  requirements  of  the  standard 
tables  does  not  determine  eligibility,  while  on  the  other  hand  no 
departure  below  the  standard  should  be  allowed  unless  upon  the 
unanimous  recommendation  of  the  medical  examining  board  for 
excellent  reasons  clearly  stated  in  each  case. 

The  physical  requirements  should  be  those  of  the  age  at  the 
birthday  nearest  the  time  of  the  examination.  Fractions  greater 
than  J  inch  will  be  considered  as  an  additional  inch  of  height,  but 
candidates  seventeen  years  old  must  be  at  least  64  inches,  and  those 
eighteen  years  and  upward  at  least  65  inches  in  height. 


United  States  Military  Service. 


21 


TABLE   OF  PHYSICAIv  PROPORTION   FOR  HEIGHT,    WEIGHT,   AND   CHEST 
MEASUREMENT. 


ii 

>i 

11 

Age 

II 

-^  3  a  «^ 

21 

Age. 

III 
COS 

Si 

1 

^\ 

64 

no 

29 

2 

f 

65 

117 

30i 

2 

65 

112 

29i 

2 

66 

119 

30i 

2 

66 

114 

29i 

2 

67 

121 

30i 

2 

67 

116 

291 

2 

J 

68 

124 

31 

2i 

17  years^ 

68 

119 

30 

2+ 

18  years  < 

69 

127 

31: 

2i 

69 

122 

30i 

2^ 

70 

130 

3H 

2i 

70 

125 

30^ 

2i 

71 

133 

31  i 

2i 

71 

65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 

128 

121 
123 
125 
129 
133 
137 
141 
145 
149 

301 

301 

31 

31^ 

3U 

31^ 

32 

32i 

32^ 

321 

2i  1 

2 
2 
2 

11 

2i 
2i 
3 
3 

V. 

r 

20  years  -{ 

72 

65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 

136 

122 
124 
126 
130 
134 
138 
142 
146 
150 
154 

32 

31 

3U 

3U 

31  f 

32 

32i 

32i 

32i 

33 

33i 

3 

19  years  J 

2 
2 
2 

2i 
2- 

2: 

2i 

3 
3 

34 

r 

65 
66 

123 
125 

3U 
31| 

2 
2 

r 

65 
66 
67 

125 
127 
129 

3U 
311 
32 

2 
2 
2 

21  yearJ 

6V 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 

127 
132 
137 
142 
147 
152 
157 
162 
167 

311 

32 

32i 

32^ 

321 

33 

33i 

33^ 

331 

2 

2i 

ill 

2i  1 

1 
II 

22  yeais  ^ 

68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 

134 
139 
144 
149 
154 
159 
164 
169 
174 

32i 

32^ 

321 

33 

33  i 

33i 

33f 

34 

34i 

if 

24 
24 
3 
3 

MENTAL  EXAMINATION. 

Algebra. 
Candidates  will  be  required  to  pass  a  satisfactory  examination 
in  that  portion  of  algebra  which  includes  the  following  range  of  sub- 


22  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

jects:  Definitions  and  notation;  the  fundamental  laws;  the  funda- 
mental operations,  viz.:  addition,  subtraction,  multiplication,  and 
division;  factoring;  highest  common  factor;  lowest  common  mul- 
tiple; fractions,  simple  and  complex;  simple,  or  linear,  equations 
with  one  unknown  quantity;  simultaneous  simple,  or  linear,  equa- 
tions with  two  or  more  unknown  quantities;  involution,  including 
the  formation  of  the  squares  and  cubes  of  polynomials;  binomial 
theorem  with  positive  integral  exponents;  evolution,  including  the 
extraction  of  the  square  and  cube  roots  of  polynomials  and  of  num- 
bers; theory  of  exponents;  radicals,  including  reduction  and  funda- 
mental operations,  rationalization,  equations  involving  radicals,  op- 
erations with  imaginary  numbers,  quadratic  equations;  equations 
of  quadratic  form;  simultaneous  quadratic  equations;  ratio  and 
proportion ;  arithmetical  and  geometrical  progressions.  Candidates 
will  be  required  to  solve  problems  involving  any  of  the  principles  or 
methods  contained  in  the  foregoing  subjects. 

The  following  questions  were  used  at  a  recent  examination : 
Substitute  y  -r  3  for  ^  in  x"^  — x^  -\-  2x^  —  3  and  arrange  the 
result  in  descending  powers  of  y. 

On  the  eve  of  a  battle  one  army  had  5  men  to  every  6  men  in 
the  other.  The  first  army  lost  14,000  men  and  the  second  6,000 
men.  The  first  army  then  had  2  men  to  every  3  men  in  the  other. 
How  many  men  were  there  originally  in  each  army? 

.18x—  .05 

Solve  1.2x —  Ax  +  8.9. 

.5 

Find  the  lowest  common  multiple  of  1  —  x,  x^  —  \,  x  —  2,  and 
:*:«  — 4. 


Solve  v^a:-}-9i=:2  v^^  — 3. 
Solve  (2^  — 3)=2  8x. 

Expand  (w  —  f  —  w  |)  *  by  the  Binomial  Theorem. 
Find  all  the  values  of  a  for  which  the  roots  of  a:t  2  +  2  (a  +  3)  :jf 
4-16  =  0  are  equal. 


United  States  Military  Service.  23 

x-r^y      X  —  y  x  t-  y      x  —  y 

Solve =  8  and -f- =11. 

2  3  3  4 

Solve  x^— 4  y^  =  9,  xy  ^2y^ -=1.'^. 

A  certain  article  of  consumption  is  subject  to  a  duty  of  $1.50 
per  cwt.  In  consequence  of  a  reduction  in  duty  the  consumption 
increases  one-half,  but  the  revenue  falls  off  one- third.  Find  the 
duty  per  cwt.  after  the  reduction. 

A  and  B  run  a  mile.  First,  A  gives  B  a  start  of  44  yards  and 
beats  him  by  51  seconds;  at  the  second  heat,  A  gives  B  a  start  of  i 
minute  and  15  seconds  and  is  beaten  by  88  yards.  Find  the  time 
in  which  A  and  B  can  run  a  mile  separately. 

Sum  to  infinity  the  progression  3  -f  2  "4:'  | 

A  servant  agrees  for  certain  wages  the  first  month,  on  the  un- 
derstanding that  they  are  to  be  raised  a  dollar  every  subsequent 
month  until  they  reach  $60  a  month.  At  the  end  of  the  first  of  the 
months  for  which  he  receives  $60  he  finds  that  his  wages  during  his 
time  of  service  have  averaged  $48  per  month.  How  long  has  he 
served  ? 

Plane  Geometry. 
Candidates  will  be  required  to  give  accurate  definitions  of  the 
terms  used  in  plane  geometry,  to  demonstrate  any  proposition  of 
plane  geometry  as  given  in  the  ordinary  text-books,  and  to  solve 
simple  geometrical  problems,  either  by  a  construction  or  by  an 
application  of  algebra. 

The  following  questions  were  used  at  a  recent  examination: 
Define  the  following: 

1°.  Rhombus.     2°.  A  mean  proportional.     3°.  Similar  tri- 
angles.    4°.  A  segment  of  a  circle.     5°.  The  apothem  of  a 
regular  polygon. 
Theorem:     The  perpendicular  is  the  shortest  line  between 

a  point  and  a  straight  line. 
Theorem:     In  the  same  circle  or  equal  circles,  the  less  of 
two  chords  is  at  the  greater  distance  from  the  center; 
conversely,  the  chord  at  the  greater  distance  from  the 
center  is  the  less. 


24  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  tJie 

Construction:     Divide  a  given  straight  line  internally  in 

extreme  and  mean  ratio. 
Theorem :     The  areas  of  two  triangles  which  have  an  angle 

of  one  equal  to  the  angle  of  the  other  are  to  each  other 

as  the  products  of  the  sides  including  those  angles. 
Problem :     Given  a  circle  of  unit  diameter  and  the  side  of 

a  regular  inscribed  polygon,  find  the  side  of  a  regular 

inscribed  polygon  of  double  the  number  of  sides. 
Theorem:     The   four   bisectors   of   the   four   angles   of  a 

quadrilateral  form  a  second  quadrilateral,  the  opposite 

angles  of  which  are  supplementary. 
Theorem:     If  on  the  diameter  of  a  circle  tw^o  points  be 

taken  equally  distant  from  the  center,  the  sum  of  the 

squares  of  the  distances  of  any  point  of  the  circumference 

from  these  two  points  is  constant. 
Problem:     Find  the  locus  of  the  point  of  intersection  of 

the  three  altitudes  of  a  triangle,  given  a  fixed  base,  and 

constant  angle  at  the  vertex. 

English  Grammar. 

Candidates  must  have  a  good  knowledge  of  English  grammar; 
they  must  be  able  to  define  the  terms  used  therein;  to  define  the 
parts  of  speech;  to  give  inflections,  including  declension,  conjuga- 
tion, and  comparison ;  to  give  the  corresponding  masculine  and  fem- 
inine gender  nouns ;  to  give  and  apply  the  ordinary  rules  of  syntax. 

They  must  be  able  to  parse  correctly  any  ordinary  sentence; 
giving  the  subject  of  each  verb,  the  governing  word  of  each  objective 
case,  the  word  for  which  each  pronoun  stands  or  to  which  it  refers, 
the  words  between  which  each  preposition  shows  the  relation,  pre- 
cisely what  each  conjunction  and  each  relative  pronoun  connects, 
what  each  adjective  and  adverb  qualifies  or  limits,  the  construction 
of  each  infinitive,  and  generally  to  show  a  good  knowledge  of  the 
function  of  each  word  in  the  sentence. 

They  must  be  able  to  correct  in  sentences  or  extracts  any  or- 
dinary grammatical  errors. 


United  States  Military  Service.  25 

It  is  not  required  that  any  particular  text-book  shall  be  fol- 
lowed; but  the  definitions,  parsing,  and  corrections  must  be  in  ac- 
cordance with  good  usage  and  common  sense. 

The  examination  may  include  questions  similar  to  the  following : 

1.  Define  and  give  example  of:  a.  infinitive;  h.  indirect  ob- 
ject ;  c.  simple  sentence. 

2.  Give  the  principal  parts  of:  a.  choose;  h.  crow;  c.  freeze; 
d.  fly;  e.  burst. 

3.  (i)    Give  the  plurals  of:    a.  motto;  h.  fairy;  c.  money;  d.  be- 

lief; e.  axis,  (ii)  Indicate  which  of  the  following 
words  are  singular,  which  are  plural,  and  which  may 
be  either:  a.  cherubim;  h.  mathematics;  c.  species; 
d.  basis;  e.  new^s. 

4.  (i)     Give  the  feminine  of:     a.  hero;  h.  gander;  c.  duke;  d. 

priest;  e.  Englishman,  (ii)  Indicate  the  gender  of: 
a.  songster;  h.  spinster;  c.  goose;  d.  mouse;  e.  book. 

5.  (i)    Give  the  possessive  case  singular  of:     a.  it;  6.  princes; 

c.  kings  of  Italy;  c^.  Henry  the  Fourth;  e.  man-of- 
war,  (ii)  Give  the  possessive  case  plural  of:  a. 
brother-in-law;  h.  Jones;  c.\\  d.  who;  e.  Mussulman. 

6.  Give  the  comparison  of:  a.  mournful;  6.  little;  c.  great; 
d.  old;  e.  angry. 

7.  Parse  the  italicized  words  in  the  following  sentence:  Other 
things  being  equal,  it  is  obvious  that  the  writer  who  has  most  w^ords 
to  choose  from  is  most  likely  to  find  in  his  assortment  just  the  word 
which  he  needs  at  a  given  moment. 

8.  Correct  all  errors  in  the  following  sentences:  Of  words  in 
braces   •!     Vdraw  a  line  through  the  incorrect  word  or  words. 

fyour    ) 

1.  Have  either  of  you  brought  K  their    [-umbrellas? 

(his       j 

2.  The  river  had  overflown  its  banks. 

3.  John  thinks  he    \  ^\^^i\  (   be   able   to   come   and    that 

J^^^^    {rhall}^^°^^^ls^- 


26  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

4.  Men  are  in  the  plural  number,  because  they  mean  more 

than  one. 

5.  That  is  neither  a  squirrel  or  rabbit's  track. 

6.  I  believe  he  don't  know  its  here. 

7.  Him  dying  at   this   time  led   to   the  attempt   being 

given  up. 

English  Composition  and  English  Literature. 

Candidates  will  be  required : 

1.  By  the  writing  of  short  themes  on  subjects  chosen  by  them- 
selves within  limits  set  by  the  examination  paper,  to  prove  {a)  their 
ability  to  spell,  capitalize,  and  punctuate,  and  (6)  their  mastery  of 
the  elementary  principles  of  composition,  including  paragraphing 
and  sentence-structure. 

2.  To  give  evidence  of  intelligent  acquaintance  with  three 
plays  of  Shakespeare :  one  comedy,  one  history,  and  one  tragedy, — 
"The  Merchant  of  Venice,"  "Henry  V.,"  and  "Macbeth,"  being 
especially  recommended. 

3.  To  exhibit  a  fair  knowledge  of  the  names  of  the  most  promi- 
nent English  and  American  authors  and  of  the  names  of  their 
principal  works. 

The  general  character  and  scope  of  the  examination  are  in- 
dicated by  the  following  specimen: 

A.   Write  a  composition  of  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  words, 
on  each  of  four  subjects  selected  from  the  following  list: 
(Of  two  or  more  subjects  in  brackets,  choose  but  one.) 
\  The  Story  of  the  Three  Caskets  in  "The  Merchant 

of  Venice." 
\  A  Character  Sketch  of  Antonio. 

'  The  Influences  that  Caused  Macbeth' s  Moral  Down- 
fall. 
(  The  Story  of  Macduff. 

i  The  English  Army  at  Agincourt  (in  "Henry  V."). 
3.      j  A    Brief   Narrative    of   the    Historical    Events   of 
(      "Henry  V."  Previous  to  Agincourt. 


Urdted  States  Military  Service, 


27 


'  A  Description  of  a  Building. 
A  Character-sketch  of  a  Dog. 
A  Narrative  of  an  Interesting  Journey. 
Reasons  for  Liking  a  Favorite  Book, 
How  to  Make  a  Squirrel-trap  (or  a  Kite,  or  an  Ice- 
boat, etc.). 

B.  I.  What  author  wrote:  "The  Ancient  Mariner"?  "Co- 
mus"?  "The  Marble  Faun"?  "Rasselas"?  "Bar- 
bara Frietchie"? 

2.  Name  two  works  of  each  of  the  following  authors:  Gold- 

smith, Emerson,  Burke,  Macaulay. 

3.  Give  the  names  of  two  principal  works  of  a  great  Ameri- 

can novelist ;  a  great  English  Puritan  poet  of  the  seven- 
teenth century;  an  English  woman  novelist  of  the  last 
century;  a  living  American  novelist. 

Geography. 

Candidates  will  be  required  to  pass  a  satisfactory  examination 
in  descriptive  geography  and  the  elements  of  physical  geography. 
A  preponderance  df  weight  is  attached  to  a  knowledge  of  the  ge- 
ography of  the  United  States. 

In  descriptive  geography  of  the  United  States,  candidates 
should  be  thoroughly  informed  as  to  its  general  features  and  bound- 
aries; adjacent  oceans,  seas,  bays,  gulfs,  sounds,  straits,  and  islands; 
lakes,  the  location  and  extent  of  mountain  ranges;  the  sources,  di- 
rections, and  terminations  of  the  important  rivers,  the  names  of 
their  principal  tributaries,  and  at  what  points,  if  any,  these  rivers 
break  through  highlands  on  their  way  to  the  ocean ;  the  water  routes 
of  communication  from  one  part  of  the  country  to  another;  the  lo- 
cation and  termination  of  important  railroad  lines;  the  boundaries 
of  the  several  States  and  Territories  and  their  order  along  the  coasts, 
frontiers,  and  principal  rivers;  the  locations  and  boundaries  of  the 
island  possessions;  and  the  names  and  locations  of  the  capitals  and 
other  important  cities  of  the  several  States,  Territories,  and  island 
possessions. 


28  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

In  short,  the  knowledge  should  be  so  complete  that  a  clear 
mental  picture  of  the  whole  of  the  United  States  is  impressed  on  the 
mind  of  the  candidate. 

In  descriptive  geography  of  other  countries,  candidates  should 
be  familiar  with  the  continental  areas  and  grand  divisions  of  water; 
the  earth's  surface ;  the  large  bodies  of  water  which  in  part  or  wholly 
surround  the  grand  divisions  of  the  land ;  the  capes,  from  what  parts 
they  project  and  into  what  waters;  the  principal  peninsulas,  loca- 
tion, and  by  what  waters  embraced;  the  parts  connected  by  an 
isthmus;  the  principal  islands,  location  and  surrounding  waters; 
the  seas,  gulfs,  and  bays,  the  coasts  they  indent,  and  the  waters  to 
which  they  are  subordinate;  the  straits,  the  lands  they  separate, 
and  the  waters  they  connect;  the  location  of  the  principal  lakes; 
the  locations,  boundaries,  capitals,  and  principal  cities  of  the  po- 
litical divisions  of  the  world. 

In  physical  geography,  candidates  should  be  familiar  with  the 
relief  of  the  earth's  surface;  the  principal  mountain  systems,  the 
river  systems,  and  water-sheds;  the  coastal  and  lake  plains;  and 
the  influence  of  climate,  soil,  mineral  deposits,  and  other  physical 
features  on  the  resources,  industries,  commercial  relations,  and  de- 
velopment of  a  country  and  its  people,  especially  of  the  United 
States. 

The  following  questions  were  used  at  a  recent  examination: 

1.  Name  the  bodies  of  water  surrounding  Europe. 

2.  Where  is:     i.  Cape  St.  Vincent,  2.  Cape  Corrientes,  3.  Cape 

Matapan,  4.  Cape  Lopez,  5.  Cape  Comorin,  6.  Cape  York. 

3.  Name  in  order  the  political  divisions  of  South  America 

which  border  on  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  the  capital  of 
each. 

4.  Locate    definitely   the    following   islands:     i.   Mauritius, 

2.  Tasmania,   3.  Formosa,  4.  New  Zealand,  5.  Madeira, 
6.  Falkland.     To  what  country  does  each  belong? 
5.  Where  are  the  gulfs  of:     i.  Bothnia,  2.  Guinea,  3.  Paria, 
4.  Salonica,  5.  Pechili? 


United  States  Military  Service,  :  g 

6.  What  lands  are  separated  and  what  waters  connected  by: 

I.  Torres  Strait,  2.  Hudson  Strait,  3.  Strait  of  Malacca? 

7.  Bound  Italy;  name  its  capital,  largest  river,  and  principal 

mountain  range. 

8.  Locate  definitely  the  following  cities:     i.  Vienna,  2.  Nan- 

kin, 3.  Cork,  4.  Tunis,  5.  Montevideo,  6.  Batavia,  7.  Su- 
ez, 8.  Pretoria. 

9.  Name  in  order  the  w^aters  traversed  in  sailing  from  Liver- 

pool, England,  to  Hongkong,  China. 

10.  A  considerable  portion  of  the  boundary-line  of  the  United 

States  is  along  what  parallel? 

11.  Locate  definitely  the  following:     i.  Flathead  Lake,  2.  Sa- 

bine Pass,  3.  Black  Hills,  4.  Sebago  Lake,  5.  Cape  Look- 
out, 6.  Montauk  Point,  7.  Wichita  Mountains,  8.  Ling- 
ayen  Bay. 

12.  The  meridian  of  Minneapolis  passes  through  what  States? 

13.  Name  the  principal  rivers  that  drain  Pennsylvania;  w^here 

do  they  rise,  at  what  points  do  they  leave  the  State  and 
at  what  points,  if  any,  do  they  break  through  highlands? 

14.  Name  all  the  waters  traversed  in  going  by  the  two  com- 

mercial water-routes  from  Duluth  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

15.  Name  the  principal  ranges  of  mountains  crossed  in  going  by 

rail  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco ;  state  the  rail-route 
assumed  to  be  traveled. 

16.  Bound    precisely   the    following    States    and    Territories: 

I.  Montana,  2.  Arizona,  3.  Arkansas,  4.  Wisconsin, 
5.  Pennsylvania,  6.  Georgia.  (In  bounding,  all  contig- 
uous States  must  be  mentioned,  as  well  as  rivers,  moun- 
tain ranges,  etc.) 

17.  Name  the  States  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  drained 

wholly  or  in  part  by  it  or  its  tributaries,  and  give  the 

capital  of  each. 
18     Locate  accurately  the  following  cities:     i.  Austin,  2.  Pen- 

sacola,  3.  Asheville,  4.  Winchester,  5.  Allegheny,  6.  Ilo- 

ilo,  7.  Oswego,  8.  Pasadena,  9.  Guthrie,   10.  Detroit. 
19.    Going  by  water  from  New  Orleans,  La.,  to  Pittsburg,  Pa., 

what  States  would  you  pass  on  the  left? 


30  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

20.  How  many  large  islands  are  there  in  the  Hawaiian  group? 

Which  is  the  largest  ?     Which  is  the  most  important  ? 

21.  Going  westward  on  the  35th   parallel  of  north  latitude, 

from  near  Newberne,  N.  C,  what  States  and  large  rivers 
would  be  crossed  ? 

22.  Describe  the  chief  mountain  system  of  the  eastern  hemi- 

sphere, and  state  what  island  chains  of  Asia  abound  in 
volcanos. 

23.  What   are   the   great   river   systems   of   South   America? 

Where  are  the  principal  coastal  plains? 

24.  What   are   the   qualifications   of  a   good   harbor?     Name 

three  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  Atlantic  Coast;  one  on 
the  Pacific  Coast. 

25.  What  has  made  the  Middle  Atlantic  States  the  principal 

commercial  section  of  the  United  States? 

History. 

Candidates  must  be  thoroughly  familiar  with  so  much  of  the 
history  of  the  United  States,  and  of  ancient  Greece  and  Rome,  as  is 
contained  in  good  high  school  text-books  on  these  subjects,  and  must 
have  a  good  knowledge  of  the  important  facts  in  general  ancient 
history  and  in  the  history  of  medieval  Europe  to  the  end  of  the 
fifteenth  century. 

In  history  of  the  United  States,  the  examination  will  include 
questions  concerning  early  discoveries  and  settlements;  the  forms 
of  government  in  the  Colonies;  the  causes,  leading  events,  and  re- 
sults of  wars ;  important  events  in  the  political  and  economic  history 
of  the  nation  since  its  foundation ;  and  the  elementary  principles  of 
civil  government,  with  special  reference  to  the  Federal  Congress, 
executive,  and  judiciary. 

In  ancient  history,  the  examination  will  include  questions  on 
important  persons  and  events  in  the  legendary  and  authentic  history 
of  Greece  and  Rome,  and  on  general  important  facts  in  the  history 
of  other  ancient  peoples,  taking  some  account  also  of  Greek  art,  o^ 


United  States  Military  Service,  31 

Greek  and  Roman  literature,  and  especially  of  Roman  government. 

In  history  of  medieval  Europe,  the  greater  emphasis  will  be 
laid  on  the  period  from  Charlemagne  to  the  end  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
particularly  on  events  connected  with  the  political  and  social  de- 
velopment of  England. 

Questions  similar  to  the  following  in  character  and  scope  are 
likely  to  be  asked: 

1 .  What  explorations  or  discoveries  did  each  of  the  following- 

named   persons   make  ?     Give   the    date   in   each   case  L 
a.  Narvaez,  b.  Coronado,  c.  Marquette,  d.  La  Salle. 

2.  Name  three  Colonies  that  w^ere  founded  for  religious  rea- 

sons, and  give  the  sect  or  denomination  by  w^hich  each 
was  colonized. 

3.  Who  were  the  Pilgrims?     Explain  the  difference  between 

"Pilgrim"  and  "Puritan." 

4.  When,  and  under  what  circumstances,  was  Delaware  sep- 

arated from  Pennsylvania? 

5.  Give  an  account  of  Bacon's  Rebellion. 

6.  When  and  where  did  each  of  the  following"events  occur? 

a.  Meeting  of  the  first  Colonial  Congress;  b.  Burgoyne's 
surrender;  c.  Arnold's  treason. 

7.  Name  some  important  results  of  each  of  the  following  bat- 

tles of  the  Revolutionary  War:     a.  Long  Island,  b.  Tren- 
ton, c.  Brandywine. 

8.  Name  four  additions  to  the  territory  of  the  United  States 

since  the  Revolutionary  War,  and  give  the  way  each 
has  been  acquired. 

9.  Bound  the  territory  of  the  United  States  at  the  close  of 

the  Revolutionary  War. 

10.  What  was  the  "Massacre  of  Wyoming"? 

11.  When,  where,  and  for  what  purpose,  did  the  Constitutional 

Convention  meet?  What  resulted  from  its  deliberations? 

12.  What  was  the  "Whiskey  Insurrection"? 

13.  What  were  the  "Alien  and  Sedition"  laws?     What  w^as 

their  effect  ? 


32       •  Aspirants  for  Oo7nmissions  in  the 

14.  When  and  where  was  the  last  battle  of  the  War  of  18 12 

fought?     Name  the  commanders  on  each  side. 

15.  What  were  the  two  principal  political  parties  in   i860? 

Their  candidates  for  the  Presidency?  Their  leading 
doctrines  on  the  slavery  question?  Parties.  Candi- 
dates.    Principles. 

16.  With  what  foreign  nations  had  the  United  States  unfriend- 

ly relations  during  and  at  the  close  of  the  Civil  War? 
Give  the  cause  in  each  case. 

17.  Name,  with  date,  three  important  military  events  of  1865. 

18.  What  Vice-Presidents  have  become  President?     Name  the 

predecessor  in  each  case. 

19.  Give  an  account  of  the  "Virginius"  affair. 

20.  In  what  war  were  the  following  battles  fought?     What 

were  the  opposing  forces?  Which  side  won?  a.  Ti- 
conderoga;  b.  Monterey;  c.  Saratoga;  d.  Stony  Point; 
e.  Spottsylvania ;    /.  Lundy's  Lane. 

21.  By  what  authority  could  Lincoln  proclaim  the  emancipa- 

tion of  the  slaves?  What  States  were  immediately  af- 
fected by  the  Emancipation  Proclamation?  How  was 
emancipation  legally  completed  later? 

22.  How  may  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  be  amend- 

ed?    Name  two  important  Constitutional  amendments. 

23.  Name  three  offices  in  the  Cabinet  of  the  President  of  the 

United  States,  and  state  the  chief  duties  that  belong  to 
each. 

24.  Explain,  as  briefly  as  possible,  how  a  minority  of  actual 

votes  might  defeat  a  majority  at  a  Presidential  election. 

25.  Define  Electoral  College;  Spoils  System;  Primary;  Supreme 

Court. 

1.  Into  what  general  periods  is  the  history  of  Egypt  divided? 

What  did  Egypt  contribute  to  Greek  civilization  ? 

2.  Name  one  of  the  great  kings  of  Assyria.     Mention  two  im- 

portant facts  concerning  the  city  of  Nineveh. 

3.  Mention  the  principal  events  of  the  reign  of  Darius  I.,  and 

the  most  noteworthy  feature  of  his  government.  Of 
what  nation  was  he  ruler? 


United  States  Military  Service.  33 

4.  Mention  three  important  facts  in  connection  with  the  Phoe- 

nicians as  traders  and  colonizers  in  the  West. 

5.  Who  were:    Agamemnon?    Achilles?    Hercules?    Homer? 

6.  Mention  two  ways  in  which  the   physical  geography  of 

Greece  influenced  the  national  life  and  character. 

7.  What  was  the  nature  of  the  government  of  Athens  after 

the  expulsion  of  the  Tyrants? 

8.  Name  four  great  battles  of  the  Grseco-Persian  War,  and 

give  the  date  of  any  two  of  them. 

9.  What  States  were  the  leaders  in  the  great  war  between  the 

States  of  Greece?  What  caused  the  war?  What  were 
its  chief  results? 

10.  Outline  the  career  of  conquest  of  Alexander  the  Great. 

About  when  did  he  die?  How  would  his  undertaking 
have  been  more  difficult  if  he  had  turned  west  instead 
of  east  ? 

11.  In  Greek  history,  what  is  the  significance  of  the  following 

names  and  phrases:  Aristides?  The  Olympian  Games? 
Solon?  The  Confederacy  of  Delos?  Delphi?  Sopho- 
cles?    Praxiteles? 

12.  Give  the  main  points  in  the  Greek  colonial  system.     How 

did  the  Roman  colonial  system  difi'er  most  conspicuously 
from  the  Greek? 

13.  Give  the  titles  of  the  principal  officers  of  the  Roman  Re- 

public and  describe  their  functions. 

14.  What   were   the   Punic  Wars?     How   many  in   number? 

Name  two  great  generals  on  each  side. 

15.  Mention  four  causes  that  led  to  the  fall  of  the  Roman  Re- 

public. Discuss  briefly  the  operation  of  two  of  them 
toward  this  result. 

16.  Why  did  the  emperors  persecute  the  Christians?     State 

the  attitude  of  Diocletian  and  Constantine,  respectively, 
toward  the  Christians. 
17     For  what  is  each  of  the  following  emperors  most  famous: 
Marcus  Aurelius  ?     Justinian  ?     Nero  ? 


34  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

1 8.  In    Roman    history,    what    is    the    significance    of:     The 

Gracchi?  Horace?  The  Comitia  Curiata?  Verres? 
The  battle  of  Chalons?  A  Pyrrhian  victory?  ^neas? 
Alaric  ? 

19.  What  do  the  following  dates  mean  to  you:     800?     1066? 

1215?     1453? 

20.  What  do  you  know  of  Joan  of  Arc? 

2 1 .  How  did  the  Feudal  System  originate  ?     Define  ' '  suzerain," 

"vassal,"  "serf." 

22.  What  was  The  Renaissance?     By  what  inventions  and  dis- 

coveries was  it  quickened  ?  Through  what  channel  was 
ancient  science  transmitted  to  modern  times? 

23.  Who  was  Simon  de  Montfort? 

24.  What  changes  took  place  in  the  condition  of  the  English 

peasantry  in  the  fourteenth  century?  Due  to  what 
causes  ? 

25.  Toward  the  close  of  the  fifteenth  century  in  England  was 

the  power  of  Parliament  becoming  greater  or  less  than 
it  had  been  previously?     By  what  right  was  Henry  IV. 
King  of  England?     What  was  the  earliest  form  of  Par- 
I  liamentary  assembly  in  English  history? 

ACADEMIC  DUTIES. 

The  academic  duties  of  new  cadets  commence  on  the  nth  day 
of  March.  The  academic  duties  and  exercises  of  the  other  cadets 
commence  on  the  ist  day  of  September  and  continue  until  about 
the  5th  of  June.  Examinations  of  the  several  classes  are  held  in 
December  and  June.  At  the  December  examination  cadets,  who 
are  found  to  be  proficient  in  their  studies,  are  arranged  according 
to  merit  in  each  subject.  At  the  June  examination  they  are  sim- 
ilarly arranged  and  they  are  also  assigned  general  standing  in  the 
class  as  determined  by  their  standing  in  the  various  subjects.  When 
a  subject  of  study  is  completed  during  a  term,  an  examination  con- 
cluding the  work  in  that  subject  is  sometimes  held.  Cadets  deficient 
in  studies  at  any  examination  are  discharged  from  the  Academy 


United  States  Military  Service,  35 

unless  for  special  reasons  the  Academic  Board  recommends  other- 
wise. Cadets  exceeding  at  any  time  the  maximum  number  of  de- 
merits allowed  for  six  months  are  immediately  reported  to  the  Aca- 
demic Board  as  deficient  in  conduct  and  are  discharged. 

PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION. 

All  cadets  are  examined  physically  in  June  of  each  year,  and 
those  found  physically  disqualified  to  continue  with  the  course  or, 
in  case  of  the  first  class,  for  commission  in  the  Army,  are  discharged. 

VACATIONS  AND  LEAVES  OF  ABSENCE. 

Academic  duties  are  suspended  from  the  completion  of  the 
June  examinations  until  the  end  of  August.  During  this  period 
cadets  live  in  camp  and  are  engaged  in  military  duties  and  exercises 
and  in  receiving  practical  instruction  in  military  and  other  subjects. 
Academic  duties  are  also  suspended  from  the  close  of  the  semi- 
annual examination,  about  December  23d,  until  January  2d,  and 
on,  the  Friday  and  Saturday  preceding  the  last  Sunday  in  March. 
All  duties  and  exercises,  as  far  as  practicable,  are  suspended  on  New 
Year's  Day,  February  2 2d,  May  30th,  July  4th,  Thanksgiving  Day 
and  Christmas  Day. 

Cadets  of  the  first,  second,  and  third  classes  are  allowed  short 
leaves  of  from  four  to  six  days  at  Christmas,  if  their  conduct  during 
the  preceding  six  months  has  been  satisfactory.  Cadets  of  the  first 
class,  having  satisfactory  conduct  records,  are  allowed  leaves  not 
to  exceed  seventy-five  hours  at  the  beginning  of  the  summer  en- 
campment and  leaves  not  to  exceed  twenty-seven  hours  at  Thanks- 
giving. Excepting  these  short  leayes  for  good  conduct,  cadets  are 
allowed  but  one  leave  of  absence  during  the  four-years  course.  As 
a  rule,  this  leave  is  granted  at  the  end  of  the  first  two  years  and  ex- 
tends from  the  middle  of  June  to  the  28th  of  August. 


36  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the   ^ 

PAY  OF  CADETS. 

The  pay  of  a  cadet  is  $600  per  year  and  one  ration  per  day,  or 
commutation  therefor  at  30  cents  per  day.  The  total  is  $709.50, 
to  commence  with  his  admission  to  the  Academy.  The  actual  and 
necessary  traveling  expenses  of  candidates  from  their  homes  to  the 
Military  Academy  are  credited  to  their  accounts  after  their  admission 
as  cadets. 

No  cadet  is  permitted  to  receive  money,  or  any  other  supplies, 
from  his  parents,  or  from  any  person  whomsoever,  without  the 
sanction  of  the  Superintendent.  A  most  rigid  observance  of  this 
regulation  is  urged  upon  all  parents  and  guardians,  as  its  violation 
would  make  distinctions  between  cadets,  which  it  is  the  especial  de- 
sire to  avoid;  the  pay  of  a  cadet  is  sufficient,  with  proper  economy, 
for  his  support. 

Each  cadet  must  keep  himself  supplied  with  the  following- 
mentioned  articles,  viz. : 

Eight  white  shirts,  two  gray  shirts,  *eight  summer  undershirts, 
*six  winter  undershirts,  *four  night  shirts,  twelve  white  linen  col- 
lars, twelve  pairs  of  white  linen  cuffs,  *eight  pairs  of  summer  draw- 
ers, *six  pairs  of  winter  drawers,  *eight  pairs  of  socks,  *twelve  pock- 
et handkerchiefs,  one  black  tie,  *twelve  towels,  two  clothes-bags, 
made  of  ticking,  two  pairs  of  uniform  shoes,  six  pairs  of  uniform 
white  gloves,  two  sets  of  white  belts,  *one  clothes-brush,  *one  hair- 
brush, *one  tooth-brush,  *one  comb,  one  mattress,  one  pillow,  four 
pillow-cases,  six  sheets,  two  blankets,  one  quilted  bed  cover,  one 
chair,  one  tumbler,  *one  trunk,  one  account-book,  one  wash  basin. 

Candidates  are  authorized  to  bring  with  them  the  articles 
marked  *. 

Cadets  are  required  to  wear  the  prescribed  uniform.  All  ar- 
ticles of  their  uniform  are  of  a  designated  pattern  and  are  sold  to 
cadets  at  West  Point  at  regulated  prices. 


United  States  Military  Service.  37 

DEPOSIT  PRIOR  TO  ADMISSION. 

Immediately  after  admission  candidates  must  be  provided  with 
an  outfit  of  uniform,  etc.,  the  cost  of  which  is  about  $160.  This 
sum,  or  at  least  $100  thereof,  must  he  deposited  with  the  Treasurer 
of  the  Academy  before  the  candidate  is  admitted.  It  is  best  for  the 
candidate  to  take  with  him  no  more  money  than  he  needs  for  trav- 
eling expenses  and  for  his  parents  to  send  the  required  deposit  by 
draft,  payable  to  the  Treasurer,  U.  S.  Military  Academy.  The  de- 
posit is  credited  at  once  to  the  cadet's  account.  Upon  graduation, 
a  cadet  who  has  exercised  proper  economy  will  have  sufficient  money 
to  his  credit  with  the  Treasurer  of  the  Academy  to  purchase  his 
uniform  and  equipment  as  an  officer. 

PROMOTION  AFTER  GRADUATION. 

The  attention  of  applicants  and  candidates  is  called  to  the  fol- 
lowing provisions  of  an  Act  of  Congress,  approved  May  17,  1886, 
to  regulate  the  promotion  of  graduates  of  the  United  States  Military 
Academy : 

"That  when  any  cadet  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy 
has  gone  through  all  its  classes  and  received  a  regular  diploma  from 
the  Academic  Staff,  he  may  be  promoted  and  commissioned  as  a 
second  lieutenant  in  any  arm  or  corps  of  the  Army  in  which  there  may 
be  a  vacancy  and  the  duties  of  which  he  may  have  been  judged  com- 
petent to  perform;  and  in  case  there  shall  not  at  the  time  be  a  va- 
cancy in  such  arm  or  corps,  he  may,  at  the  discretion  of  the  Presi- 
dent, be  promoted  and  commissioned  in  it  as  an  additional  second 
lieutenant,  w-ith  the  usual  pay  and  allowances  of  a  second  lieutenant, 
until  a  vacancy  shall  happen." 


38  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

RECITATION  SCHEDULE. 

On  the  following  page  is  shown  the  recitation  schedule  adopted 
by  the  Academic  Board  June  23,  1907,  and  approved  by  the  War 
Department  August  10,  1907. 

This  schedule  was  put  in  effect  with  the  class  entering  March 
I,  1908.  The  other  classes  in  the  Academy  on  that  date  continue 
the  old  schedule,  with  some  modifications  adopted  to  facilitate  ad- 
ministration of  the  departments  during  the  period  of  transition 
from  the  old  course  of  studies  to  the  new. 

The  preliminary  term  is  March  nth  to  June  loth.  New  cadets 
are  advanced  to  the  fourth  class  after  passing  the  June  examinations. 

The  first  term  of  the  regular  academic  year  is  September  ist  to 
December    i8th,  inclusive. 

The  second  term  of  the  regular  academic  year  is  January  2d  to 
June  4th,  inclusive. 


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United  States  Military  Service.  -  41 

DEPARTMENT  OF  TACTICS. 

ALIv  CLASSES. 

New  cadets,  upon  reporting  for  duty,  are  given  infantry  recruit 
instruction,  with  gymnastic  and  calisthenic  exercises,  until  they 
join  the  battalion. 

Practical  instruction  is  given  during  the  summer  encampment, 
and  from  September  ist  to  November  ist,  and  from  March  15th  to 
June  ist,  in  cavalry,  artillery,  and  infantry  drill  regulations,  in 
target  practice  with  the  rifle,  revolver,  mountain  gun  and  field  gun, 
and  in  military  engineering. 

During  the  summer  encampment,  cadets  of  the  third  and  fourth 
classes  are  also  taught  swimming  and  dancing,  and  those  of  the  first 
class  the  service  of  sea-coast  artillery  and  submarine  defense  at 
Fort  Wright,  N.  Y. ;  all  classes  participate  in  exercises  of  minor 
tactics,  practice-marches,  problems,  and  practical  field-work,  in 
which  the  employment  of  all  arms  is  exemplified. 

Practical  instruction  in  fencing  and  gymnastic  exercises  and  in 
^bxing  and  wrestling  is  given  to  the  fourth  class  from  October  ist 
to  June  ist,  and  to  the  other  classes  from  November  ist  to  March 

15th. 

Instruction  in  riding  is  given  to  the  first  class  during  the  en- 
campment and  from  September  ist  to  June  ist,  excepting  the  month 
of  February;  to  the  second  class,  from  November  ist  to  March  31st; 
and  to  the  third  class  from  November  ist  to  March  15th  and  during 
the  summer  encampment.  Instruction  with  English  pad-saddles 
is  given  to  the  first  class,  and  in  polo  to  the  first  and  second  classes. 

During  the  winter  months  map  problems  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
struction in  writing  orders,  selecting  positions  from  the  map,  both 
offensive  and  defensive,  making  dispositions  of  small  forces,  selecting 
best  route  for  advance  and  retreat,  and  for  practice  of  map-reading 
in  general;  also  lectures  upon  the  methods  pursued  in  company, 


42 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 


post,  and  staff  administration  as  required  by  Army  Regulations, 
upon  uniforms  and  equipments,  and  upon  etiquette  and  customs  of 
the  service,  are  given  cadets  of  the  first  class. 


TliXT-BOOKS. 

Light    Artillery    Drill    Regula-  A  Military  Primer  of  the  Service 

tions.     U.  S.  of    Security    and    Information. 

Cavalry  Drill  Regulations.     U.  S.  Marshall  and  Simonds. 

Infantry  Drill  Regulations.  U.  S.  Elements  of  Hippology.  Marshall. 

Coast  Artillery  Drill  Regulations.  Coast  Artillery  Drill  Regulations: 

U.  S.  Position-finding  service. 

BOOKS  OF  REFERENCE. 


Army  Regulations.     U.  S. 

Small- Arms  Firing  Regulations. 
U.  S. 

Manual  of  Instruction  in  Moun- 
tain Guns,  etc.     U.  S.  M.  A. 

Manual  of  Pack  Transportation. 
U.  S.  M.  A. 


Manual  of  Guard  Duty.     U.  S. 
Regulations.     U.  S.  M.  A. 
Blue  Book.     U.  S.  M.  A. 
Manual   of  Gymnastic  Exercises. 

Koehler. 
Horses,    Saddles,    and    Bridles. 

Carter. 


Field  Service  Regulations.     U.  S. 

ISSUED  TO  FIRST  CI^ASS  BEFORE  GRADUATION. 


Army  Regulations.     U.  S. 

Manual  of  the  Subsistence  De- 
ment.    U.  S. 

Manual  of  Quartermaster's  De- 
partment.    U.  S. 

Paymaster's  Manual.     U.  S. 

Regulations  for  the  Post  Ex- 
change. 


Drill  Regulations  of  the  Hospital 
Corps.     U.  S. 

Manual  of  Courts-Martial.     U.  S.  . 

Army  Register.     U.  S. 

General  Orders,  No.  169,  War  De- 
partment, series  of  1907. 

(Uniform  Order)  with  all  amend- 
ments. 


Manual  of   Medical  Department.     U.  S. 
DEPARTMENT  OF  CIVIL  AND  MILITARY  ENGINEERING. 

FIRST  CI.ASS. 

The  course  in  civil  and  military  engineering  and  the  art  of  war 
is  confined  to  the  first-class  year. 


United  States  Military  Service.  43 

The  course  in  civil  engineering  begins  September  ist  and  is  com- 
pleted during  the  first  term,  which  closes  with  the  Christmas  holi- 
days. It  comprises  brief  treatises  on  the  mechanics  of  civil  en- 
gineering, framed  and  masonry  structures,  the  materials  of  en- 
gineering, water  supply,  and  sewerage. 

The  course  in  military  engineering  and  the  art  of  war  begins  on 
January  2d  and  closes  on  the  3d  of  June.  Military  engineering  em- 
braces the  study  of  field  and  permanent  fortifications  and  siege 
works.  The  art  of  war  embraces  the  study  of  the  organization  of 
armies,  employment  of  the  different  arms  in  combination,  logistics, 
and  strategy.  To  familiarize  the  students  with  its  principles,  lect- 
ures are  deUvered  on  military  subjects,  and  the  principal  operations 
of  about  twenty  selected  campaigns  are  studied.  During  this  course 
the  students  are  taken  to  the  battle-field  of  Gettysburg  to  familiarize 
them  with  the  effects  of  topography  on  the  employment  of  troops 
in  the  field. 

TEXT-BOOKS. 

Civil  Engineering.     Fiebeger.  Siege  Works.     Mercur. 

Field  Fortifications.     Fiebeger.        Organization  and  Tactics.     Wag- 
Permanent  Fortifications.     Fie-  ner. 

beger.  Campaign    of    Gettysburg.     Fie- 

Elements  of  Strategy.     Fiebeger.        beger. 

Field  Service  Regulations.     U.  S. 

BOOKS  OF  REFERENCE. 

Campaigns  and  Battles.     Department. 
Story  of  Civil  War.     Ropes.     Cambria  Steel. 
The  Department  has  a  well-selected  reference  library  on  civil 
engineering,  military  engineering,  and  the  art  of  war. 


44  Aspirants  /or  Commissions  in  the 

■  DEPARTMENT  OF  NATURAL  AND  EXPERIMENTAL 
PHILOSOPHY. 

THIRD  AND  SECOND  CLASSES. 

The  course  in  natural  and  experimental  philosophy  begins  with 
the  third  academic  year.  Mechanics  is  studied  during  this  year, 
the  class  alternating  daily  by  halves.  The  text  used  is  Gordon's 
"Mechanics."  Many  of  the  principles  are  illustrated  by  apparatus 
in  the  lecture-  and  section-rooms,  and  the  students  are  required  to 
repeat  and  explain  these  experiments.  The  course  aims  to  be  as 
complete  as  possible  with  the  limitation  that  it  can  be  properly 
covered  in  a  term  of  about  one  hundred  days  by  students  having  a 
proficient  knowledge  of  the  calculus;  the  treatment  is  sufficiently 
mathematical  to  furnish  a  confident  basis  for  advanced  work  in  the 
technical  staff  corps  after  graduation. 

During  the  second-class  year  about  one  hundred  lessons  are  al- 
lotted to  this  department.  The  first  half  of  this  time  is  devoted  to 
the  subjects  of  sound  and  light.  The  authorized  text-book  is  Gor- 
don's "Sound  and  Light." 

Astronomy  is  studied  in  the  remainder  of  the  second-class  year. 
The  texts  used  are  Young's  "General  Astronomy"  and  Michie  and 
Harlow's  "Practical  Astronomy."  The  principal  aim  of  this  course, 
in  addition  to  its  important  value  in  educational  development,  is  to 
furnish  an  ample  basis  for  the  establishment  of  stations  in  explora- 
tions and  surveys. 

The  class  alternates  daily  by  halves  throughout  the  year. 

TEXT-BOOKS. 

Sound  and  Light.     Gordon.  Practical    Astronomy.     Michie 

Mechanics.     Gordon.  and  Harlow. 

General  Astronomy,     Young. 

Numerous  standard  works  on  the  general  subjects  covered  by 
the  course  are  available  for  reference. 


United  States  Military  Service.  45 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MATHEMATICS. 

NEW  CADETS.  FOURTH  AND  THIRD  CLASSES. 

The  course  in  mathematics  begins  with  the  new  cadet  class 
upon  entrance  in  March,  and  extends  through  two  years. 

In  the  new  cadet  class  year  algebra  and  geometry  are  taken  on 
alternate  days  for  three  months.  In  both  these  subjects  the  matter 
covered  by  the  entrance  examination  is  reviewed  rapidly  and,  in  the 
case  of  plane  geometry,  very  briefly  before  proceeding  with  the 
regular  course.  An  examination  is  held  in  June,  upon  w^hich  the 
class  is  graded  according  to  mathematical  capacity. 

In  the  fourth-class  year  algebra  is  completed  in  alternation  with 
trigonometry.  Plane  and  solid  analytical  geometry  and  descriptive 
geometry  follow. 

In  the  third-class  year  a  course  in  the  differential  and  integral 
calculus  is  taken,  alternating  during  the  latter  portion  with  the 
subject  of  mechanics  in  the  department  of  philosophy.  The  most 
advanced  students  take  also  a  brief  course  in  the  theory  of  errors 
and  method  of  least  squares. 

The  course  in  algebra  covers  the  entire  subject  as  generally 
taught  in  colleges,  but  the  student  is  expected  to  have  already  mas- 
tered elementary  algebra  to  include  the  progressions  and  the  solution 
of  the  quadratic  equation.  The  course  in  elementary  geometry  in- 
cludes the  books  that  relate  to  the  plane  and  those  that  relate  to 
space,  but  the  student  is  expected  to  have  mastered  the  former. 
Plane  and  spherical  trigonometry  includes  the  complete  solution  of 
the  plane  and  spherical  triangles.  The  course  in  analytical  geom- 
etry includes  the  discussion  of  the  general  equation  of  the  second 
degree  in  the  plane  and  in  space. 

Descriptive  geometry  includes,  in  orthographic  projections,  the 
right  line,  the  plane,  ruled  surfaces  and  surfaces  of  revolution,  tang- 
ent planes,  and  intersections  of  surfaces.     It  also  covers  shades  and 


46  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

shadows,  perspective,  isometric  projections,  and,  for  the  upper  part 
of  the  class,  spherical  projections. 

The  course  in  differential  and  integral  calculus  covers  the  ground 
of  the  usual  college  text-book,  including  briefly  the  subject  of  ordi- 
nary differential  equations. 

TEXT-BOOKS. 

New  Cadet  Class. 

Advanced  Course  in  A  1  g  e  b  r  a.  Elements  of  Geometry.     Phillips 
Wells.  and  Fisher. 

Fourth  Class. 

Advanced  Course  in  Algebra.  Logarithmic     Tables.     New- 

Wells.  comb. 

Quadratics  and  Beyond.     Fisher  Conic  Sections.     C.  Smith. 

and  Schwatt.  Elements  of  Analytical  Geometry 

Elements  of  Plane  and  Spherical       (Solid).     Smith  and  Gale. 

Trigonometry,     Crockett.  Descriptive  Geometry.     Church. 

Third  Class. 

Differential  and  Integral  Calculus.     Granville. 
Integral  Calculus.     D.  A.  Murray. 
Method  of  Least  Squares.     Johnson. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  CHEMISTRY,  MINERALOGY,  AND 
GEOLOGY. 

Third  and  Second  Classes. 

This  department  embraces  two  branches  of  physics  not  included 
in  its  title — namely,  heat  and  electricity. 

The  course  begins  March  ist  of  the  second  academic  year  and 
extends  to  March  ist  of  the  third  academic  year;  exercises,  recita- 
tions, laboratory  work  or  lectures  take  place  on  all  week-days. 

Commencing  March  ist  the  subjects  of  heat  and  general  chem- 
istry alternate  daily  until  the  completion  of  the  first  six  chapters 


United  States  Military  Service.  47 

of  heat,  about  March  20th,  after  which  the  chemistry  exercises  are 
held  daily  until  the  close  of  the  term,  June  ist. 

During  this  term  all  members  of  the  class  whose  progress,  as 
shown  by  their  recitations,  warrants  it,  are  given  laboratory  practice 
in  chemistry.  This  practice  begins  with  chemical  manipulations 
and  proceeds  in  the  usual  general  order  of  elementary  laboratory 
work.  The  laboratory  exercises  are  one  hour  and  fifty  minutes 
long.  It  is  generally  possible  to  give  all  parts  of  the  class  some  lab- 
oratory experience;  the  amount  of  this  work,  however,  varies  with 
the  aptitude  of  the  student  from  a  few  hours  to  fifty-five  or  sixty 
hours. 

This  term  closes  with  an  examination  upon  the  essential  parts 
of  the  entire  course,  which  all  cadets  who  have  not  shown  a  pre- 
scribed proficiency  in  daily  work  must  take. 

In  chemistry  the  course  is  a  descriptive  general  one,  based  upon 
a  concise  statement  of  the  more  essential  principles  of  chemistry, 
and  includes  that  class  of  information  deemed  most  important  to 
non-specialists,  together  with  an  accurate  and  logical  treatment  of 
many  useful  applications  of  chemistry. 

Beginning  September  ist,  the  daily  exercises  alternate  between 
heat  and  mineralogy  until  these  subjects  are  completed,  then  the 
daily  exercises  alternate  between  geology  and  electricity,  the  geology 
being  completed  by  the  close  of  the  term,  December  23d.  This 
term  also  closes  with  an  examination,  covering  the  essential  parts 
of  the  subjects  studied  during  the  term,  which  all  cadets  who  have 
not  shown  a  prescribed  proficiency  in  daily  work  are  required  to 
take. 

Beginning  January  ist,  the  remainder  of  the  course  in  elec- 
tricity is  completed  by  the  end  of  February.  This  mid-winter  term 
involves  an  examination,  if  necessary,  as  prescribed  for  the  terms 
ending  June  ist  and  December  23d. 

The  course  in  heat  is  short,  but  it  is  a  comprehensive  elementary 


4^  Aspirants  for  Oommtssions  in  the 

course,  intended  to  embrace  what  is  most  applicable  to  subsequent 
work  at  the  Academy  and  what  is  most  useful  in  general  education. 

The  course  in  geology  is  a  brief  but  scientific  presentation  of 
the  essential  elements  of  this  branch  of  science. 

The  mineralogy  is  an  eminently  practical  course,  consisting  of 
the  descriptive  study  and  the  practical  determination  of  the  im- 
portant minerals.  The  lithological  and  palaeontological  part  of 
geology  is  accompanied  in  study  by  the  continued  practical  exam- 
ination of  the  objects  described. 

The  course  in  electricity  is  a  brief  exposition  of  the  leading 
electrical  phenomena  and  their  relations  to  each  other.  It  includes 
a  study  of  the  general  principles  of  the  subject  and  of  the  typical 
machines,  generators,  motors,  and  transformers,  together  with  the 
more  important  uses  of  electricity.  The  laboratory  exercises  give 
experience  wilh  a  number  of  the  machines  and  in  the  use  of  a  great 
variety  of  apparatus  employed  in  the  numerous  forms  of  electric 
measurements.  In  this  term  the  laboratory  work  is  a  part  of  the 
electrical  course,  and  all  cadets  enter  the  laboratory.  All  laboratory 
work  is  performed  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  an  instructor. 

TEXT-BOOKS. 

Elementary    Lessons   in    Heat.  Elements  of  Geology.     Le  Conte. 

Tillman.  Important    Minerals   and    Rocks. 

Descriptive  General  Chemistry.  Tillman. 

Tillman.  Elementary  Lessons  in  Electricity 

Practical  Chemistry.     (Labora-  and  Magnetism  .  S.  P.  Thomp- 

tory  Guide.)     Clowes.  son. 

During  all  terms  standard  works  on  the  respective  subjects  are 
available  for  reference,  both  to  cadets  and  instructors. 


United  States  Military  Service.  49 

DEPARTMENT  OF  DRAWING. 

THIRD  AND  SECOND  CLASSES. 

The  course  in  drawing  is  carried  on  through  the  third-class  and 
second-class  years. 

It  begins  in  the  first-year  course  with  elementary  freehand  work 
from  blocks  and  objects  for  the  training  of  the  eye  and  hand,  and  is 
followed  by  instruction  in  the  nature  and  use  of  drawing  instruments, 
papers,  and  material,  construction  of  practical  problems  in  plane 
geometry  used  in  constructive  and  mechanical  drawing.  This  is 
followed  by  the  construction  of  problems  in  descriptive  geometry, 
covering  the  theoretical  course  in  mathematics;  the  lower  part  of 
the  class  being  confined  to  the  practical  problems  most  useful  in 
mechanical  and  building  construction  drawing.  A  short  course  of 
lettering  and  handling  of  flat  washes  precedes  the  general  study  of 
topography  and  map-making,  in  which  theoretical  instruction  is 
coupled  with  the  execution  of  conventional  signs,  platting,  the  con- 
struction and  lettering  of  a  finished  map,  and  practice  in  the  field 
in  the  various  elements  of  military  topographical  field-sketching. 
This  completes  the  first  year's  course. 

Text-book  pamphlets: 

Drawing  Instruments  and  Papers. 

The  Use  of  Drawing  Instruments,  and  Geometrical 

Problems. 
Elementary  Exercises  in  Water-color  Washes. 
Military  Topography — Map-reading  and  Map-making. 
Book  of  Letters  and  Lettering. 
Descriptive  Geometry  Problems. 

The  work  of  the  second  year  begins  with  freehand  military 
landscape  sketching  in  the  field;  and  is  followed  by  memory- 
drawing  for  the  training  -of  the  formal  memory,  and  freehand  me- 
chanical, and  projective  drawing.  Practical  projective  geometry, 
including  axonometric  projection,  is  then  resumed  preparatory  of 


50  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

the  plan,  section,  and  elevation  drawing  of  a  building  construction 
project.  In  this  the  student  leans  the  structural  elements  of  a 
house  and  of  building  construction  methods  and  design,  and  the 
ability  to  read  working  drawings.  Following  this,  a  mechanical 
drawing  of  the  plan,  section,  and  elevation  of  a  portion  of  a  steam 
engine  is  constructed,  in  connection  with  instruction  in  the  structure 
and  function  of  the  parts  of  a  steam  engine.  Finally,  the  class  is 
separated  into  groups  corresponding  to  the  corps  in  the  Army,  in 
which  the  standing  of  cadets  indicates  that  they  will  graduate,  and 
subjects  of  engineering,  ordnance,  and  service-building  construction 
drawing  are  assigned  in  accordance  therewith.  The  course  con- 
cludes with  a  short  series  of  lectures  on  the  art  and  architecture  of 
the  world,  and  a  trip  to  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art  in  New 
York  city,  upon  which  a  thesis  is  written  by  each  member  of  the 
class. 

Text-book  pamphlets: 

Framing. 

The  Steam  Engine. 

Notes  on  Building  Construction. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MODERN  LANGUAGES. 

FOURTH,  THIRD,  SECOND,  AND  FIRST  CI.ASSKS. 

The  course  in  modern  languages  comprises  instruction  in  the 
French  and  Spanish  languages. 

The  French  Language. 

FOURTH  AND  THIRD  ClyASSES. 

The  requirements  of  this  course  are  as  follows: 
Construction   of  the  language;  reading  and   writing   French; 
dictation;  military   terms;  translation  (written  and  oral)   of  Eng- 
lish into  French  and  French  into  English;  conversation;  themes. 
Instruction  in  the  French  language  begins  March   ist  of  the 


United  States  Military  Service,  51 

fourth-class  year  and  is  completed  June  4th  of  the  third-class  year. 
Examinations  thereon  will  be  held  at  the  June  examination,  fourth- 
class  year,  and  at  the  December  and  June  examinations  of  the  third- 
class  year.  The  course  comprises  about  two  hundred  and  twenty- 
one  lessons. 

The  Spanish  Language, 
second  and  first  ci^asses. 

The  requirements  of  this  course  are  as  follows: 

Construction  of  the  language;  reading  and  writing  Spanish; 
dictation;  translation  (written  and  oral)  of  English  into  Spanish 
and  Spanish  into  English;  oral  recitations  and  conversation;  themes. 

Instruction  in  the  Spanish  language  begins  March  ist  of  the 
second-class  year  and  is  completed  June  4th  of  the  first-class  year. 
Examinations  thereon  will  be  held  at  the  June  examination,  second- 
class  year,  and  at  the  December  and  June  examinations  of  the  first- 
class  year.  The  course  comprises  about  one  hundred  and  eighty- 
three  lessons. 

The  present  text-books  are : 

French — Fourth  Class. 

French  Pronuciation.     De  Peiffer. 

Treatise  on  the  Conjugation  of  French  Verbs.     Castar^de. 

Elementary  French.     Aldrich  and  Foster. 

La  Langue  Fran9aise,  premiere  partie.     Bercy. 

Le  Petit  Parisien.     Kron. 

French — Third  Class. 

Martin's  "French  Verbs." 

Elementary  French.     Aldrich  and  Foster. 

Introductory  French   Composition.     Fran9ois. 

Guerlac's  * 'Standard  French  Authors." 

Advanced  French  Prose  Composition.    Fran9ois. 

Potter's  "Dix  Contes  Modernes." 

French  Verbs  and  Prepositions,  Idioms,  Letters. 


52  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Cameron's  "Tales  of  France." 

Marchand's  "French  Idioms." 

Revue  Militaire  des  Armees  Etrangeres. 

Labiche  and  Martin's  "Voyage  de  M.  Perrichon." 

Courrier  des  Etats-Unis  (Sunday  edition). 

Le  Petit  Parisien.     Kron. 

Spanish — Second  and  First  Classes. 

Spanish  Verb  and  Spanish  Pronunciation.     Traub. 

Spanish  Grammar.     Monsanto  and  Languellier. 

Spanish  Grammar.     Garner. 

El  Castellano  Actual.     Roman  y  Salamero. 

Las  Novedades. 

First  Spanish  Book.     Worman. 

Elementary  Spanish  Reader.     Ramsey. 

BOOKS  OP  REFERENCE. 

French. 

French  Pronouncing  Dictionary.     Spiers  and  Surenne. 
Military  Technical  Dictionary.     Willcox. 

Spanish. 

New  Spanish-English  and  English-Spanish  Dictionary, 
by  Cuyas.     (Appleton.) 

DEPARTMENT  OF  LAW. 

FIRST  CLASS. 

The  course  in  Law  covers  the  following  subjects: 

1.  The  Elements  of  Law.      3.     International  Law. 

2.  Constitutional  Law.  4.     Militia ry  Law. 

To  illustrate  principles  in  the* text-books,  cadets  are  required  to 
recite  on  numerous  cases  from  the  reports.  Lectures  are  also  given 
upon  the  subjects  taught,  so  far  as  the  limits  of  time  allotted  tq 
this  course  permit. 


United  States  Military  Service,  .   53 

TEXT-BOOKS. 

The  Elements  of  Law.     Davis,  G.  B. 
Constitutional  Law.     Davis,  E.  G.  ■    , 

International  Law.     Davis,  G.  B. 
Military  Law.     Dudley. 

There  is  a  reference  library  in  the  department  of  about  2,500 
volumes,  accessible  to  the  cadets. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  PRACTICAL  MILITARY  ENGINEERING. 

FOURTH,  THIRD,  SECOND,  AND  FIRST  CLASSES. 

Cadets  of  the  fourth  class  receive  an  elementary  course  in  the- 
oretical surveying  during  the  month  of  February. 

During  the  summer  encampment,  cadets  of  the  third  class  re- 
ceive practical  instruction  in  the  use  and  adjustment  of  surveying 
instruments  and  in  surveying  methods.  In  this  course  they  apply 
in  the  field  what  has  been  taught  them  in  their  theoretical  course 
of  the  preceding  spring.  The  course  includes  tie-line  surveys,  made 
by  use  of  the  tape  or  chain  alone,  surveys  made  with  the  compass 
and  with  the  transit,  and  running  diiferential  level  circuits. 

Cadets  of  the  second  class  receive,  during  the  fall  drill  season, 
instruction  in  visual  signaling,  using  the  flag  and  the  heliograph  for 
sending  and  receiving  messages.  They  are  also  taught  to  set  up  and 
adjust  the  heliograph  and  the  acetylene  lantern.  During  the  spring  • 
period  this  class  is  instructed  in  the  field  methods  of  electrical  com- 
munication, and  is  given  practice  in  establishing  and  using  buzzer- 
lines  under  (as  nearly  as  possible)  service  .conditions.  The  course 
also  comprises  setting  up  and  operating  field  wireless  telegraph 
outfits. 

During  the  summer  encampment  cadets  of  the  first  class  are 
instructed  in  building  pile,  trestle,  and  pontoon  bridges,  in  impro- 
vising methods  of  crossing  streams,  in  making  road-sketches,  both 
mounted   and   dismounted,   and   in   combined   position-sketching. 


54  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

During  the  fall  course  this  class  is  given  instruction  in  the  construc- 
tion and  operation  of  appliances  used  in  field  engineering,  in  the 
erection  of  spar  and  trestle  bridges,  and  in  the  use  of  explosives  in 
military  demolitions.  The  spring  course  is  devoted  to  field  fortifi- 
cation work,  including  the  construction  of  trenches,  revetments, 
obstacles,  bomb-proofs,  and  gun-pits;  posting  and  distribution  of 
working  parties  in  the  construction  of  saps,  trenches,  parallels,  and 
approaches;  and  tracing  and  profiling  siege-works. 

TEXT-BOOK. 

Theory  and  Practice  of  Surveying.     Johnson. 

BOOKS  OF  REFERENCE. 

The  Engineer  Field  Manual. 

Survey  Manual.     Pence  and  Ketchum. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ORDNANCE  AND  GUNNERY. 

FIRST  CLASS. 

The  subject  of  Ordnance  and  Gunnery  is  studied  by  the  cadets 
of  the  first  class  throughout  the  academic  year. 

The  course  of  instruction  covers  the  principles  involved  in  the 
construction  and  use  of  war  material.  It  is  broadly  divided  into 
three  parts:  The  theoretical,  the  descriptive,  and  the  practical. 
The  theoretical  part  includes  the  study  of  the  action  of  explosives, 
the  study  of  interior  and  exterior  ballistics,  the  theories  of  gun  and 
carriage  construction,  and  the  principles  of  gunnery.  The  theoreti- 
cal part  of  the  course  is  not  the  same  for  all  cadets ;  those  showing  the 
necessary  proficiency  taking  a  special  course  of  twenty-one  lessons 
in  the  time  devoted  by  the  remainder  of  the  class  to  review  work. 

The  descriptive  part  of  the  course  covers  the  processes  of  man- 
ufacture of  powders,  guns,  projectiles,  and  armor,  and  describes 
the  small  arms,  cannon,  machine,  and  rapid-fire  guns  in  use  in  the 
United  States  Service,  with  the  carriages,  ammunition,  and  accessory 


United  States  Military  Service.  55 

appliances  required  for  their  service.  The  department  is  well  sup- 
plied with  models,  which  are  used  in  conjunction  with  the  text. 

The  practical  part  of  the  course  covers  work  with  ballistic  in- 
struments, and  the  operation  of  machines  and  appliances  used  in  the 
fabrication  of  modern  ordnance,  the  latter  work  being  in  effect  a 
short  but  valuable  course  in  manual  training. 

In  connection  with  the  course,  visits  are  made  to  Watervliet 
Arsenal,  where  the  processes  of  gun-construction  are  observed,  and 
to  the  Ordnance  Proving-ground  at  Sandy  Hook,  where  actual 
firings  from  the  several  classes  of  guns  are  observed,  including 
usually  one  or  more  shots  against  armor,  and  where  the  latest  de- 
velopments in  war  material  are  seen. 

TEXT-BOOKS. 

Ordnance  and  Gunnery.     Lissak. 
Exterior  Ballistics.     O'Hern. 
Stresses  in  Wire-wrapped  Guns  and  in 
Gun  Carriages.     Ruggles. 

BOOKS  OF  REFEJRENCE. 

Ballistic  Tables.     Ingalls. 

Mathematical  Tables.     Newcomb.  ' 

Publications  of  Ordnance  Department. 
U.  S.  Army. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  MILITARY  HYGIENE. 

SECOND  CLASS. 

The  course  in  military  hygiene  for  the  second  class  begins  on  or 
about  the  15th  of  April  and  continues  into  June.  It  consists  of  six 
lectures  and  thirteen  recitations  for  each  half  of  the  class,  given  on 
alternate  days  and  ending  by  a  written  examination  on  the  subjects 
treated. 

•    The  course  covers  the  essential  points  in  military  hygiene,  par- 
ticular attention  being  paid  to  the  following : 


56  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Personal  hygiene,  with  special  reference  to  the  soldier  and  his 
environment;  the  hygiene  and  sanitation  of  military  commands  in 
garrison  and  in  the  field;  and  the  causes  and  prevention  of  infec- 
tious diseases  and  control  of  epidemics;  also  the  nature  of  alcoholic 
drinks  and  narcotics,  and  special  instruction  as  to  their  effects  upon 
the  human  system. 

During  the  summer  camp  five  lectures  with  exercises  are  given 
to  the  first  class  on  the  use  of  the  first  aid  packet  and  the  treatment 
of  medical  and  surgical  emergencies.  While  on  the  practice  march, 
at  the  end  of  each  day,  the  medical  officer  on  duty  with  the  Corps 
discusses  the  advantages  and  disadvantages  of  the  camp-site  from 
the  viewpoint  of  the  military  sanitarium,  and  also  camp  cooking, 
the  water  supply,  and  various  other  matters  pertaining  to  camp 
hygiene  and  sanitation. 

TEXT-BOOK. 

The  Elements  of  Military  Hygiene.     Ashburn. 
Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Hygiene.     Tracy. 

REFERENCE  BOOKS. 

Military  Hygiene.     Harvard. 

Theory  and  Practice  of  Military  Hygiene.     Munson. 
Notes  on  Military  Hygiene.     WoodhuU. 
Practical  Hygiene.     Harrington. 

DEPARTMENT  OF  ENGLISH  AND  HISTORY. 

NEW  CADETS  AND  FOURTH  CLASS. 

English. 
Essential  principles  of  rhetoric;  frequent  practice  in  various 
forms  of  written  and  oral  composition,  including  personal  and  official 
correspondence  and  official  forms;  study  of  selected  literary  master- 
pieces, and  of  essentials  in  the  history  of  English  literature  and 
language. 


United  States  Military  Service.  57 

History. 
Political,  social,  and  economic  history  from  the  end  of  the  Mid- 
dle Ages  to  the  present  day;  study  of  typical  forms  of  modern  na- 
tional and  municipal  governments;  fundamental  principles  of  civil 
government,  historically  considered,  with  special  reference  to  the 
United  States. 

TEXT-BOOKS. 

English. 

English  Composition.     Henry  S.  Canby,  and  others. 
Golden  Treasury,  Everyman's  Library  edition.     Palgrave. 
Shakespeare's  Works.     Tennyson's  "Idylls  of  the  King." 
Selections  from  Addison,  selections  from  Macaulay,  selections 
from  Stevenson,  and  Carlyle's  "Heroes  and  Hero-Worship.' 

TEXT-BOOKS. 

History. 

A  Political  History  of  Modern  Europe.     F.  Schwill. 

The   Development  of  Modern  Europe.     J.   H.   Robinson  and 

C.  A.  Beard. 
Readings  in  Modern  European  History,  Vol.  H.     Robinson  and 

Beard. 
The  Development  of  the  State.     Dealey. 

THE  LI'BRARY. 

Cadets  and  officers  have  free  access  to  the  library,  which  com 
prises  some  eighty  thousand  books,  maps,  and  manuscripts.  The 
collection  contains  substantially  all  standard  books  on  the  subjects 
taught  in  the  Academy  and  is  especially  complete  in  military  sub- 
jects. Its  card  catalogues  (about  272,000  cards)  are  arranged  with 
the  special  object  of  saving  the  time  of  cadets.  The  library  is  open 
on  week-days  from  8  a.  m.  to  9:30  p.  m.  ;  on  Sundays  and  holidays, 
f  *-om  2  to  6  p.  M. 


58  Aspirants  for  Com^nissions  in  the 

CORPS  ORGANIZATION. 

For  instruction  in  Infantry  Drill  Regulations  and  in  military 
police  and  discipline,  the  Corps  of  Cadets  is  organized  into  two  bat- 
talions, under  the  Commandant  of  Cadets,  assisted  by  two  bat- 
talion commanders  (Army  officers),  each  company  being  commanded 
by  an  officer  of  the  Army.  The  cadet  officers  and  non-commis- 
sioned officers  are  selected  from  those  cadets  who  have  been  most 
studious,  soldierlike  in  the  performance  of  their  duties,  and  most 
exemplary  in  their  general  deportment.  In  general,  the  cadet  cap- 
tains and  lieutenants  are  taken  from  the  first  class,  the  sergeants 
from  the  second  class,  and  the  corporals  from  the  third  class. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  CADETS. 

The  cadets  are  arranged  in  four  distinct  classes,  corresponding 
with  the  four  years  of  study.  There  is  also  a  preliminary  course 
extending  from  about  March  nth  to  June  loth,  for  the  class  of  new 
cadets  admitted  March  ist.  The  cadets  employed  on  the  prelim- 
inary course  constitute  the  class  of  new  cadets;  those  employed  on 
the  first  year's  course  constitute  the  fourth  class;  those  on  the  sec- 
ond year's  course,  the  third  class;  those  on  the  third  year's  course, 
the  second  class;  and  those  on  the  fourth  year's  course,  the  first 
class. 

The  academic  year  commences  on  the  ist  of  July;  on  or  befote 
that  date  the  result  of  the  examination  held  in  the  preceding  month 
is  announced,  and  cadets  are  advanced  from  one  class  to  another. 
At  no  other  time  is  a  cadet  advanced  from  one  class  to  another, 
unless  prevented  by  sickness,  or  authorized  absence,  from  attending 
the  aforesaid  examination;  in  such  a  case  a  special  examination  is 
granted;  but  in  no  case  is  a  cadet  advanced  from  one  class  to  an- 
other without  having  satisfied  the  Academic  Board  of  his  proficiency 
in  each  branch  of  study  pursued  by  his  class. 


United  States  Military  Service.  59' 

The  count  for  conduct,  based  upon  the  number  of  demerits 
received  by  a  cadet  each  year,  is: 

First-class  year 125 

Second-class  year. 100 

Third-class  year 75 

Fourth-class  year 50 

Class  of  new  cadets 40 

The  final  count  in  conduct  for  the  graduating  merit-roll  is  125. 
It  is  obtained  by  adding  together  the  respective  proportional  parts 
for  each  of  the  four  years  and  the  preliminary  course  for  new  cadets, 
and  then  reducing  the  sums  thus  found  to  equivalent  values  with  a 
maximum  of  125. 


CHAPTER  III. 


Promotion  of  Enlisted  Men. 

appointments  in  the  cavalry,  field  artillery,  and  infantry. 

qualifications  of  applicants. — application  for  examina- 
tion. —  preliminary  physical  examination. — ^preliminary 
moral  character  and  mental  examination. final  exam- 
ination.  final  physical  examination.— final  moral  char- 
acter and  mental  examination.— examination  as  to  fit- 
ness for  mounted  service. report  of  examining  board, 

and  assignments. 

Appointments  in  the  Coast  Artillery, 
examination  for  appointment  in  the  coast  artillery. — quali- 
fications of  applicants. application  for  examination. 

preliminary  physical  examination. final  examination. 

final  physical  examination. final  examination. moral 

character  and  mental  examination. report  of  examin- 
ing board,  and  assignments. form  for  individual  record 

of  candidate. specimen  questions  asked  at  an  examin- 
ATION. 

V^acancies  in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  cavalry,  ar- 
tillery, and  infantry  remaining  on  the  ist  of  July  each  year  that 
are  not  needed  for  the  graduates  of  that  year  of  the  United  States 
Military  Academy  may  be  filled  by  appointment,  in  the  following 
order : 

(a)  Of  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  (non-commissioned  officers 
or  privates),  whose  fitness  for  promotion  shall  have 
been  determined  by  a  competitive  examination. 

(6)     From  civil  life, 

60 


United  States  Military  Service.  6i 

All  vacancies  occurring  after  the  ist  of  July  and  not  needed 
for  the  graduates  that  year  of  the  Military  Academy  will  be  held  for 
the  next  graduating  class  of  the  Academy. 

Only  vacancies  that  are  left  after  the  assignment  of  the  June 
graduating  class  of  the  Military  Academy  are  open  for  candidates 
from  the  Army  or  civil  life. 

No  applicant  will  be  ordered  before  the  final  Board  who  has 
not  successfully  passed  the  departmental  examination  for  that  year. 

If  in  any  year  no  final  examination  be  held,  the  departmental 
examination  for  that  year  will  be  void. 

An  applicant  who  twice  fails  to  pass  the  departmental  examina- 
tion in  years  in  which  final  examinations  are  held,  or  who  twice  fails 
in  his  final  examination,  cannot  again  compete  for  appointment  to 
the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Army. 

All  rights  and  privileges  arising  from  having  successfully  passed 
the  final  examination  may  be  vacated  by  sentence  of  a  court- 
martial,  but  no  soldier  holding  such  privileges  shall  be  brought 
before  a  garrison  or  regimental  court-martial  or  summary  court. 
Should  he  be  guilty  of  misconduct,  he  will  be  promptly  reported  to 
the  War  Department  through  regimental  and  department  head- 
quarters, the  report  to  contain  a  full  statement  of  the  alleged  mis- 
conduct, with  names  of  witnesses. 

Enlisted  men  of  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  are  eligible  for  ap- 
pointment in  that  branch  of  the  Service  only,  and  enlisted  men  who 
do  not  belong  to  this  service  cannot  compete  for  a  commission  in  it . 
The  other  arms  of  the  Service  open  for  them  are  the  cavalry,  field 
artillery,  and  infantry. 

Enlisted  men  are  not  appointed  to  the  engineers. 

Appointments  to  the  different  departments  of  the  Army,  such 
as  the  General  Staff,  Adjutant  General's  Department,  Inspector 
General's  Department,  etc.,  are  usually  made  from  the  line  of  the 
Army,  of  officers  who  are  especially  equipped  for  the  duties  to 
which  appointed. 


62  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

The  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  appointment  of  en- 
listed men  as  second  lieutenants  in  the  Army  have  changed  several 
times  within  the  past  ten  years,  but  the  general  principles  have 
remained. 

Civilians  who  are  contemplating  enlisting  with  the  view  of  ob- 
taining a  commission  by  that  road  are  asked  to  read  the  chapter  on 
The  Enlisted  Men  of  the  Army,  also  Chapter  X.,  Enlisting  for  a 
Commission. 

The  latest  rules  and  regulations  governing  the  appointment  of 
enlisted  men  are  as  follows: 

QUALIFICATIONS  OF  APPLICANTS. 

A  soldier  to  be  eligible  to  compete  for  appointment  to  the 
grade  of  second  lieutenant  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
unmarried,  and  under  thirty  years  of  age  on  the  first  day  of  the 
final  competitive  examination,  and  must  have  served  honorably 
not  less  than  two  years  in  the  Regular  or  Volunteer  Army,  con- 
tinuously or  at  different  periods,  as  an  enlisted  man  on  or  before 
that  date;  he  must  also  be  physically  sound  and  of  good  moral 
character  before  and  after  enlistment. 

Enlisted  men  of  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  may  compete  for 
appointments  in  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  only,  and  no  enlisted 
men  other  than  those  of  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  may  compete  for 
appointments  in  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 

APPLICATION  FOR  EXAMINATION. 

An  enlisted  man  who  desires  to  appear  for  examination  will 
submit  through  military  channels  an  application  so  that  it  will 
reach  his  department  commander  on  or  before  February  rst  of  the 
year  in  which  he  desires  to  take  the  examination.  Any  application 
received  after  that  date  will  not  be  considered  unless  it  be  shown 
that  the  delay  was  through  no  fault  of  the  applicant.     The  appli- 


United  States  Military  Service.  63 

cation  will  be  accompanied  by  the  "Form  for  Individual  Record  of 
Candidate,"  filled  out  and  sworn  to  as  indicated.  (See  Form,  end 
of  chapter.) 

The  company  commander  in  forwarding  such  application  will 
verify  the  statement  of  service  as  given,  and  will  state  specifically 
whether,  in  his  opinion,  the  soldier  fulfills  each  of  the  conditions 
hereinbefore  required,  and  will  add  his  remarks  as  to  the  aptitude 
of  the  applicant  for  the  position  sought. 

The  post  commander  will,  upon  the  receipt  of  such  application, 
cause  the  applicant  to  be  examined  by  a  medical  officer  as  to  his 
physical  qualifications  and  will  forward  the  report  of  such  examina- 
tion with  the  application,  adding  his  remarks  as  to  the  aptitude  of 
the  applicant  for  the  position  sought. 

EXAMINATIONS  FOR  APPOINTMENT  IN  THE  CAVALRY, 
FIELD  ARTILLERY,  AND  INFANTRY. 

PRELIMINARY  EXAMINATION. 

With  a  view  to  the  proper  selection  of  enlisted  men  for  pro- 
motion to  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  cavalry,  field  ar- 
tillery, and  infantry,  each  department  commander  will  each  year 
convene  a  board  of  five  officers,  two  of  whom  shall  be  medical  offi- 
cers whose  duties  will  be  confined  to  inquiring  into  and  reporting 
upon  the  physical  qualifications  of  the  applicants,  to  meet  as  soon 
as  practicable  after  March  ist,  to  conduct  the  preliminary  examina- 
tion. He  will  order  before  this  board  such  applicants  in  his  com- 
mand as  appear  to  fulfill  all  the  requirements  herein  indicated  as 
necessary  for  appointment  in  the  cavalry,  field  artillery,  and  in- 
fantry, and  will  refer  to  the  beard  the  applications  of  the  candidates 
with  all  papers  received  bearing  on  their  service  and  character. 
The  board  will  institute  a  rigid  inquiry  into  the  physical  qualifica- 
tions, character,  capacity,  and  military  record  and  aptitude  of  the 
candidates,  and  will  recommend  none  for  the  final  examination  who 


64  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in>  the 

are  not  able  to  establish  their  physical,  moral,  and  mental  fitness 
for  promotion  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  board.  To  that  end 
the  procedure  of  the  departmental  boards  will  be  based  upon  that 
of  retiring  boards.  Evidence  will  be  obtained  from  the  certificates 
of  officers,  from  witnesses  under  oath,  and  by  means  of  written  in- 
terrogatories. The  military  record  of  each  candidate  will  be  closely 
examined,  and  his  character  before  entering  the  Service  will  be 
made  the  subject  of  specal  inquiry. 

PRKUMINARY  PHYSICAL  EjXAMINATlON. 

Each  applicant  will  first  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  physical  ex- 
amination, and  if  any  cause  of  disqualification  is  found  to  exist,  it 
will  be  specified  in  the  report  and  the  applicant  will  be  rejected  and 
his  examination  will  cease  unless,  in  the  opinon  of  the  medical  offi- 
cers of  the  board,  the  physical  defects  are  temporary  in  nature  and 
such  as  may  be  overcome  by  the  time  the  applicant  is  to  appear 
for  final  examination,  in  which  case  the  physical  defects  and  the 
leasons  which  influenced  the  board  to  continue  the  examination 
notwithstanding  such  defects  will  be  fully  set  forth  in  the  report. 
Examination  as  to  physical  qualifications  will  be  made  complete 
in  each  case  and  will  conform  to  the  standard  required  of  recruits, 
except  that  any  applicant  whose  degree  of  vision  is  less  than  20 — 40 
in  either  eye,  or  who  is  color-blind  for  red,  green,  or  violet,  will  be 
rejected. 

A  certificate  of  physical  examination  by  the  medical  officers 
of  the  board  will  accompany  the  proceedings  of  the  board  in  each 
case. 

PRELIMINARY    MORAL    CHARACTER   AND    MENTAL    EXAMINATION. 

The  moral  character  of  each  applicant  who  has  been  found 
physically  qualified  will  then  be  inquired  into,  and  any  applicant 
who  has  not  borne  a  good  moral  character  before  and  after  enlist- 
ment will  be  rejected  and  his  examination  will  cease. 


Ufiited  States  Military  Service,  65 

Each  applicant  who  has  been  found  qualified  physically  and 
morally  will  then  be  examined  mentally  in  the  following  subjects: 

1.  English  grammar,  including  orthography,  reading,  and 
writing  from  oral  dictation. 

2.  In  his  knowledge  of  arithmetic  and  his  ability  to  apply 
its  rules  to  all  practical  questions;  in  his  knowledge  of  the  use  of 
logarithms  and  ability  to  apply  them  to  questions  of  practice;  in 
his  knowledge  of  algebra,  through  quadratic  equations,  and  in  his 
knowledge  of  plane  and  solid  geometry,  plane  and  spherical  trigo- 
nometry, and  the  elements  of  surveying. 

3.  Geography,  particularly  in  reference  to  the  United  States 
and  North  America. 

4.  The  outlines  of  general  history,  and  particularly  the  history 
of  the  United  States. 

5.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  organization 
of  the  Government  under  it,  and  the  elements  of  international  law. 

6.  Army  Regulations,  and  the  drill  regulations  of  the  arm 
in  which  the  candidate  is  serving.  If  not  serving  in  the  line  of  the 
Army,  he  will  be  examined  in  the  drill  regulations  of  cavalry,  field 
artillery,  or  infantry,  as  he  may  elect. 

The  examination  in  drill  regulations  shall  consist  of  a  prac- 
tical demonstration  of  the  ability  of  the  candidate  to  instruct  and 
command  troops  in  the  exercises  and  maneuvers  of  the  drill  regula- 
tions of  his  arm  of  the  Service,  to  include  the  platoon,  and  shall  take 
place  in  the  presence  of  all  the  line  officers  of  the  board. 

7.  The  military  record  and  aptitude  of  the  candidate  as  cer- 
tified to  by  his  company,  post,  and  regimental  or  other  commanders, 
and  as  judged  by  the  examining  board. 

In  awarding  marks,  the  board  will  give  to  each  subject  in  the 
examination  the  relative  weight  given  in  the  following  example. 
The  weight  to  be  given  to  each  question  will  be  determined  by  its 
importance  and  will  be  set  opposite  the  question  in  the  papers 
furnished  the  candidates. 


66  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Example. 

No,  Subjects.  Relative  Weights. 

1  English  grammar,  orthography,  etc lOO 

2  Mathematics 200 

3  Geography 100 

4  History 100 

5  Constitution  and  international  law 100 

6  Army  and  Drill  Regulations 200 

7  Military  record  and  aptitude .....100 

900 
The  duty  of  making  the  preliminary  examination  of  applicants 
is  one  involving  in  a  high  degree  the  welfare  and  character  of  the 
Service,  and  all  officers  of  departmental  boards  are  enjoined  to  ex- 
ercise the  utmost  circumspection  and  care  that  no  unworthy  ap- 
plicant be  recommended.  All  statements  and  certificates  as  to 
moral  character,  general  aptitude,  and  fitness  should  be  carefully 
verified  by  disinterested  evidence. 

Separate  records  will  be  submitted  in  each  case  to  the  de- 
partment commander,  who  will  forward  them,  with  all  papers  pre- 
sented in  relation  to  the  applicant,  to  the  Adjutant  General  of 
the  Army. 

FiNAIv  KXAMINATION. 

Each  year  in  which  there  remain  vacancies  in  the  grade  of 
second  lieutenant  in  the  cavalry,  field  artillery,  and  infantry  for 
appointment  to  which  enlisted  men  are  eligible,,  the  War  Depart- 
ment will,  on  September  ist,  or  on  such  other  date  or  dates  as 
may  be  decided  upon,  convene  a  board  of  five  officers,  two  of  whom 
shall  be  medical  officers  whose  duties  will  be  confined  to  inquiring 
into  and  reporting  upon  the  physical  qualifications  of  the  applicants, 
before  which  those  who  have  successfully  passed  the  departmental 
boards  will  be  ordered  to  appear  to  compete  in  the  final  examina- 
tion for  appointment  to  such  vacancies. 


United  States  Military  Service,  67 

No  applicant  will  be  ordei^ed  before  the  final  board  who  has 
not  successfully  passed  the  departmental  board  for  that  year.  If 
in  any  year  no  final  examination  be  held,  the  preliminary  examina- 
tion for  that  year  will  be  void.  An  applicant  who  twice  fails  to 
pass  a  preliminary  examination  in  years  in  which  final  examina- 
tions are  held,  or  w^ho  tw^ice  fails  to  pass  a  final  examination,  cannot 
again  compete  for  appointment  to  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant 
in  any  branch  of  the  Army. 

The  records  of  the  preliminary  examinations  and  the  papers 
pertaining  thereto  of  applicants  ordered  to  take  the  final  examina- 
tion, together  with  such  official  records  in  the  War  Department  as 
relate  to  the  character  and  qualifications  of  such  candidates  for 
commission,  will  be  submitted  to  the  board.  The  examination  will 
be  conducted  in  conformity  with  the  following  rules: 

FINAL  PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION. 

Each  applicant  will  first  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  physical  exami- 
nation, and  any  applicant  who  fails  to  pass  it  will  be  rejected  by  the 
board;  but,  should  he  so  desire,  he  will  be  permitted  to  undergo 
the  mental  examination  with  the  distinct  understanding  that  such 
examination  will  not  confer  upon  him  any  right  to  appointment 
should  his  physical  disability  finally  be  regarded  as  disqualifying. 
Examination  as  to  physical  qualifications  will  conform  to  the  stand- 
ard required  of  recruits,  except  that  any  applicant  whose  degree  of 
vision  is  less  than  20 — 40  in  either  eye,  or  who  is  color-blind  for  red, 
green,  or  violet,  will  be  rejected.  The  physical  examination  will  be 
made  complete  in  each  case,  even  though  a  deficiency  be  discovered, 
so  as  to  ascertain  whether  any  other  defects  exist.  It  is  highly  de- 
sirable that  where  a  candidate  is  rejected  for  any  physical  cause, 
the  cause  of  rejection  should  be  so  clearly  established  as  to  be  con- 
clusive of  the  reasonableness  and  propriety  of  the  rejection ;  and  in 
cases  where  the  physical  fitness  appears  doubtful,  the  board  should 


68  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

require  the  production  of  such  testimony  as  to  the  medical  history 
of  the  candidate  and  of  his  family  as  may  be  obtainable.  A  cer- 
tificate of  physical  examination  by  the  medical  officers  of  the  board 
will  accompany  the  proceedings  of  the  board  in  each  case. 

FINAI^  MORAL  CHARACTER  AND  MENTAL  EXAMINATION. 

The  moral  character  of  each  applicant  found  physically  quali- 
fied, or  who  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examination  notwith- 
standing his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  inquired  into,  as  herein- 
before set  forth  for  the  preliminary  examination,  and  any  applicant 
who  has  not  borne  a  good  moral  character  before  and  after  enlist- 
ment will  be  rejected  and  his  examination  will  cease. 

Bach  applicant  who  has  been  found  qualified  morally  and  is 
physically  qualified,  or  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examina- 
tion notwithstanding  his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  examined 
mentally  in  the  following  subjects,  the  scope  of  the  examination 
in  each  subject  being  as  set  forth  under  the  head,  "Preliminary 
Examination." 

In  awarding  marks,  the  board  will  give  to  each  subject  in  the 
examination  the  relative  weight  given  in  the  following  form.  The 
general  average  of  the  candidate  will  be  computed  as  follows: 
Mark  each  question  according  to  its  relative  weight  and  reduce  the 
aggregate  of  marks  thus  obtained  in  each  subject  to  a  scale  of  loo. 
The  result  will  give  the  mark  in  the  subject.  Multiply  the  mark  in 
each  subject  by  the  number  indicating  the  relative  weight  of  the 
subject  and  divide  the  sum  of  the  products  by  the  sum  of  the  rela- 
tive weights;  the  quotient  will  be  the  general  average.  No  candi- 
date will  be  passed  by  the  board  who  shall  not  have  attained  an 
average  of  at  least  65  per  cent  in  each  subject  of  examination  and  a 
general  average  of  at  least  75  per  cent. 


United  States  Military  Service. 


69 


Example. 


No. 


Subjects. 


English  grammar,  etc 

Mathematics 

Geography 

History 

Constitution  and  international  law 

Army  and  Drill  Regulations 

Military  record  and  aptitude 


General  average. 


Mark. 


82 
76 
80 
73 
67 
75 
80 


Products 

Eelative 

of  Multipli- 

Weights. 

cation  by 

Eelative 

Weights. 

3 

246 

4 

304 

2 

160 

3 

219 

2 

134 

3 

225 

2 

160 

19 


1,448 


76.21 


EXAMINATION  AS  TO  FITNESS  FOR  MOUNTED  SERVICE. 

All  applicants  will  be  examined  carefully  as  to  their  fitness  for 
mounted  service,  taking  into  consideration  only  the  degree  of  profi- 
ciency shown  by  them  in  riding  and  horsemanship  and  their  size  when 
so  great  as  to  indicate  present  or  future  unsuitability  for  mounted 
service,  and  the  board  will  report  them  by  name  in  three  groups,  as 
determined  by  the  result  of  the  examination,  viz.: 

I  St.     Those  considered  specially  qualified  for  mounted  service. 

2d.      Those  considered  qualified. 

3d.      Those  considered  not  qualified. 

REPORT  OF  EXAMINING  BOARD,  AND  ASSIGNMENTS. 

When  the  board  shall  have  examined  and  passed  upon  all  the 
applicants,  it  will  prepare  separate  proceedings  in  each  case  and  also 
a  tabulated  statement  showing  the  order  of  their  relative  merit  as 
developed  by  the  examination,  and  forward  the  proceedings  with  all 
papers  pertaining  thereto  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army. 

The  final  examination  is  competitive  and  for  the  number  of 
vacancies  in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  cavalry,  field  ar- 


70  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

tillery,  and  infantry  remaining  each  year  after  the  assignment  of 
the  graduates  of  that  year  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy. 
The  board  will  recommend  for  appointment  in  the  cavalry, 
field  artillery,  or  infantry,  only  such  number,  in  the  order  of  merit 
established  by  the  examination,  as  will  equal  the  number  of  va- 
cancies remaining  after  the  assignment  of  the  graduates  of  the  Mili- 
tary Academy,  as  hereinbefore  stated,  and  no  greater  number  will  be 
reported  as  having  passed.  No  competitor  will  be  recommended 
by  the  board  who  is  not  physically,  morally,  and  mentally  qualified 
for  the  position  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  arm  for  which  recom- 
mended. Upon  the  approval  by  the  War  Department  of  the  report 
of  the  board,  each  competitor  recommended  in  accordance  with  this 
paragraph  will  be  regarded  as  eligible  for  appointment. 

EXAMINATION  FOR  APPOINTMENT  IN  THE 
COAST  ARTILLERY. 

QUAUPICATIONS  OF  APPLICANTS. 

A  soldier  to  be  eligible  to  compete  for  appointment  to  the 
grade  of  second  lieutenant  must  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
unmarried,  and  under  thirty  years  of  age  on  the  first  day  of  the 
final  competitive  examination,  and  must  have  served  honorably 
not  less  than  two  years  in  the  Regular  or  Volunteer  Army,  con- 
tinuously or  at  different  periods,  as  an  enlisted  man  on  or  before 
that  date;  he  must  also  be  physically  sound,  and  of  good  moral 
character  before  and  after  enlistment. 

Enlisted  men  of  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  may  compete  for 
appointments  in  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  only,  and  no  enlisted 
men  other  than  those  of  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  may  compete  for 
appointments  in  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 

APPLICATION  FOR  EXAMINATION. 

An  enlisted  man  who  desires  to  appear  for  examination  will 
submit  through  military  channels  an  application  so  that  it  will 


United  States  Military  Service,  7^ 

reach  his  department  commander  on  or  before  February  ist  of  the 
year  in  which  he  desires  to  take  the  examination.  Any  application 
received  after  that  date  will  not  be  considered  unless  it  be  shown 
that  the  delay  was  through  no  fault  of  the  applicant.  The  appli- 
cation will  be  accompanied  by  the  "Form  for  Individual  Record  of 
Candidate,"  filled  out  and  sworn  to  as  indicated.  (See  Form  at 
end  of  this  chapter.) 

The  company  commander  in  forwarding  such  application  will 
verify  the  statement  of  service  as  given,  and  will  state  specifically 
whether,  in  his  opinion,  the  soldier  fulfills  each  of  the  conditions 
hereinbefore  required,  and  will  add  his  remarks  as  to  the  aptitude 
of  the  applicant  for  the  position  sought. 

The  post  commander  will,  upon  the  receipt  of  such  application, 
cause  the  applicant  to  be  examined  by  a  medical  officer  as  to  his 
physical  qualifications,  and  will  forward  the  report  of  such  examina- 
tion with  the  application,  adding  his  remarks  as  to  the  aptitude  of 
the  applicant  for  the  position  sought. 

PRELIMINARY  EXAMINATION. 

With  a  view  to  the  proper  selection  of  enlisted  men  for  pro- 
motion to  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Coast  Artillery 
Corps,  the  commanding  general  of  each  department  in  which  coast 
artillery  is  serving  will  each  year  convene  such  number  of  boards 
as  he  may  deem  advisable,  to  meet  as  soon  as  practicable  after 
March  ist,  to  conduct  the  preliminary  examination.  Each  board 
will  consist  of  one  or  more  line  officers  and  two  medical  officers. 
The  duties  of  the  medical  officers  shall  be  confined  to  inquiring  into 
and  reporting  upon  the  physical  qualifications  of  the  applicants, 
and  the  duty  of  the  line  officers  shall  be  to  supervise  the  mental 
examination,  which  will  be  written,  the  questions  therefor  being 
furnished  by  the  department  commander  to  the  senior  line  officer 
of  the  board.     The  department  commander  will,  at  the  proper  time 


J2  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

submit  application  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army  for  such 
number  of  sets  of  questions  as  may  be  required  for  his  department. 
The  physical  examination  will  be  conducted  first,  and  this  will  be 
followed  by  the  mental  examination,  which  will  take  place  in  the 
presence  of  the  line  officers  of  the  board,  at  least  one  of  whom  must 
be  present  at  all  times  during  the  mental  examination.  Each  ex- 
amination paper  will  contain  a  certificate  from  one  of  the  line  offi- 
cers of  the  board  that  the  applicant  has  undergone  the  examination 
in  his  presence  and  without  assistance  from  any  one.  Examination 
papers  when  completed  will  be  forwarded  with  the  certificate  of 
the  medical  officers  to  the  department  commander,  who  will  forward 
them  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army.  Marks  upon  the  ex- 
amination papers  will  be  awarded  by  the  War  Department. 

All  applicants  shall  submit  to  the  officer  conducting  the  mental 
examination  testimonials  or  certificates  as  to  their  moral  character 
and  fitness  for  the  position  of  a  commissioned  officer,  and  these  tes- 
timonials and  certificates  will  be  forwarded  with  the  examination 
papers. 

PRELIMINARY  PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION. 

Each  applicant  will  first  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  physical  ex- 
amination, and  if  any  cause  of  disqualification  is  found  to  exist,  it 
will  be  specified  in  the  report  and  the  applicant  will  be  rejected  and 
his  examination  will  cease  unless,  in  the  opinion  of  the  medical  offi- 
cers of  the  board,  the  physical  defects  are  temporary  in  nature  and 
such  as  may  be  overcome  by  the  time  the  applicant  is  to  appear  for 
final  examination,  in  which  case  the  physical  defects  and  the  rea- 
sons which  influenced  the  board  to  continue  the  examination  notwith- 
standing such  defects  will  be  fully  set  forth  in  the  report.  Exam- 
ination as  to  physical  qualification  will  conform  to  the  standard  re- 
quired of  recruits,  except  that  any  applicant  whose  degree  of  vision 
is  less  than  20 — 40  in  either  eye,  or  who  is  color-blind  for  red,  green, 
or  violet,  will  be  rejected. 


United  States  Military  Service.  73 

The  physical  examination  will  be  made  complete  in  each  case, 
even  though  a  deficiency  be  discovered,  so  as  to  ascertain  whether 
any  other  defects  exist.  It  is  highly  desirable  that  where  a  candi- 
date is  rejected  for  any  physical  cause,  the  cause  of  rejection  should 
be  so  clearly  established  as  to  be  conclusive  of  the  reasonableness 
and  propriety  of  the  rejection,  and  in  cases  where  physical  fitness 
appears  doubtful  the  board  should  require  the  production  of  such 
testimony  as  to  the  medical  history  of  the  candidate  and  of  his 
family  as  may  be  obtainable. 

PR^IvIMINARY  MENTAL  EXAMINATION. 

Each  applicant  who  has  been  found  qualified  under  the  pre- 
ceding portion  of  this  paragraph,  except  those  exempted  below,  will 
be  examined  in  the  following  subjects; 

(o)  English  grammar  and  orthography,  the  latter  to  be 
judged  by  all  the  papers  submitted  by  the  candi- 
date. 

(b)  Mathematics,  to  include  algebra,  plane  and  solid  ge- 

ometry,   trigonometry,    and    the   elements   of   the 
calculus. 

(c)  Geography  and   history,   particularly  of  the   United 

States. 
The  scope  of  the  mathematical  subjects  will  be  that  usually 
considered  necessary  as  a  general  foundation  or  preparation  for 
undertaking  a  scientific  course  of  study,  such  as  is  given  to  officers 
at  the  Coast  Artillery  School,  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  and  is  covered  by 
the  following,  or  any  other  recognized  text-books  on  the  same  sub- 
jects of  an  equivalent  standard : 

New  School  Algebra.     Went  worth. 

Plane  and  Solid  Geometry  (revised).     Wentworth. 

New  Plane  and  Spherical  Trigonometry.     Wentworth. 

Differential  Calculus  (to  include  Differentiation  of  Algebraic, 

Logarithmic,  Exponential,  and  Trigonometric  Functions). 

McMahon  and  Snyder. 
Integral  Calculus  (first  four  chapters).     D.  A.  Murray. 


74  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

In  marking  the  examination  papers,  the  following  relative 
weights  will  be  given  to  the  subjects  enumerated  in  this  paragraph : 
grammar,  2;    mathematics,  9;    geography  and  history,  3. 

Candidates  who  attain  a  general  average  of  70  per  cent  in  all 
of  the  above  specified  subjects  will  be  considered  as  having  passed 
a  satisfactory  preliminary  examination. 

Applicants  who  are  graduates  of  recognized  colleges  or  uni- 
versities in  either  the  classical  or  scientific  courses  thereof  will,  if 
they  desire,  be  exempt  from  the  preliminary  mental  examination, 
and  to  this  end  they  should  submit  to  the  department  commander 
diplomas,  certificates,  or  other  evidence  of  such  graduation  when 
applying  for  authority  to  appear  before  the  departmental  board. 
Department  commanders  will  forward  these  to  the  War  Department 
for  decision  as  to  exemption. 

FINAL  EXAMINATION. 

Each  year  in  which  there  remain  vacancies  in  the  grade  of 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  for  appointment  to 
which  enlisted  men  are  eligible  the  War  Department  will,  on  Sep- 
tember ist,  or  on  such  other  date  or  dates  as  may  be  decided  upon, 
convene  a  board  at  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  consisting  of  a  sub-committee 
of  the  Coast  Artillery  School  Board  and  two  medical  officers,  before 
which  those  who  have  successfully  passed  the  departmental  boards 
will  be  ordered  to  appear  to  compete  in  the  final  examination  for 
appointment  to  such  vacancies. 

The  duties  of  the  medical  officers  shall  be  confined  to  inquiring 
into  and  reporting  upon  the  physical  qualifications  of  applicants. 

No  applicant  will  be  ordered  before  the  final  board  who  has 
■  not  successfully  passed  the  departmental  board  for  that  year.  If 
in  any  year  no  final  examination  be  held,  the  preliminary  examina- 
tion for  that  year  will  be  void.     An  applicant  who  twice  fails  to  pass 


United  States  Military  Service.  75 

a  preliminary  examination  in  years  in  which  final  examinations  are 
held,  or  who  twice  fails  to  pass  a  final  examination,  cannot  again 
compete  for  appointment  to  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  any 
branch  of  the  Army. 

The  records  of  the  preliminary  examinations  and  the  papers 
pertaining  thereto  of  applicants  ordered  to  take  the  final  examina- 
tion, together  with  such  official  records  in  the  War  Department  as 
relate  to  the  character  and  qualifications  of  such  candidates  for 
commission,  will  be  submitted  to  the  board.  The  examination 
will  be  conducted  in  conformity  with  the  following  rules : 

FINAL  PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION. 

Each  applicant  will  first  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  physical  ex- 
amination, and  any  applicant  who  fails  to  pass  it  will  be  rejected 
by  the  board;  but,  should  he  so  desire,  he  will  be  permitted  to  un- 
dergo the  mental  examination  with  the  distinct  understanding  that 
such  examination  will  not  confer  upon  him  any  right  to  appoint- 
ment should  his  physical  disability  finally  be  regarded  as  disqual- 
ifying. Examination  as  to  physical  qualifications  will  conform 
to  the  standard  required  of  recruits,  except  that  any  applicant 
whose  degree  of  vision  is  less  than  20 — 40  in  either  eye,  or  who  is 
color-blind  for  red,  green,  or  violet,  will  be  rejected.  The  physical 
examination  will  be  made  complete  in  each  case,  even  though  a 
deficiency  be  discovered,  so  as  to  ascertain  whether  any  other  de- 
fects exist.  It  is  highly  desirable  that  where  a  candidate  is  rejected 
for  any  physical  cause,  the  cause  of  rejection  should  be  so  clearly 
established  as  to  be  conclusive  of  the  reasonableness  and  propriety 
of  the  rejection;  and  in  cases  where  the  physical  fitness  appears 
doubtful,  the  board  should  require  the  production  of  such  testimony 
as  to  the  medical  history  of  the  candidate  and  of  his  family  as  may 
be  obtainable.  A  certificate  of  physical  examination  by  the. medical 
officers  of  the  board  will  accompany  the  proceedings  of  the  board 
in  each  case. 


76  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

FINAL  KXAMINATION — MORAL  CHARACTER  AND  MENTAL. 

The  moral  character  of  each  applicant  found  physically  quali- 
fied, or  who  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examination  notwith- 
standing his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  inquired  into,  and  any 
applicant  who  has  not  borne  a  good  moral  character  before  and 
after  enlistment  will  be  rejected  and  his  examination  will  cease. 

Each  applicant  who  has  been  found  qualified  morally  and  is 
physically  qualified,  or  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examination 
notwithstanding  his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  examined  mentally 
in  the  following  subjects: 

1.  Elementary  electricty. 

2.  Elementary  mechanics. 

3.  Elementary  chemistry. 

4.  Advanced  mathematics,  electricty  or  mechanics,  as  the 
applicant  may  elect. 

5.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  organization 
of  the  Government  under  it,  and  the  elements  of  international  law. 

6.  Army  Regulations  and  Coast  Artillery  Drill  Regulations. 
The  examination  in  drill  regulations  will  be  oral  and  practical  and 
will  include  only  those  matters  with  which  the  soldier  has  had 
practical  experience. 

7.  Military  record  and  aptitude  of  the  candidate  as  certified 
to  by  his  company,  post,  and  district  or  other  commanders,  and  as 
judged  by  the  examining  board. 

The  scope  of  the  examination  in  elementary  electricity,  me- 
chanics, and  chemistry  will  be  that  of  a  high  school  or  preparatory 
school  examination  in  these  subjects,  and  will  cover  only  so  much 
of  the  subjects  as  is  usually  considered  necessary  as  a  general  founda- 
tion or  preparation  for  beginning  one  of  the  scientific  courses  at 
recognized  colleges  or  technical  schools.  The  scope  of  the  subjects 
is  that  covered  by  the  following  or  any  other  recognized  text -books 
of  an  equivalent  standard ; 


United  States  Military  Service.  77 

Lessons  in  Practical  Electricity  (Lessons  i  to  23).     Swoope. 
A  Text-Book  of  Physics.     Wentworth  and  Hill. 
Elementary  Chemistry.     Clark  and  Dennis. 

The  scope  of  the  examination  in  advanced  mathematics,  elec- 
tricity, or  mechanics  will  be  that  of  a  final  examination  in  these 
subjects  given  by  certain  correspondence  schools,  and  by  recognized 
colleges  and  technical  schools  at  the  end  of  sophomore  or  junior 
years  in  the  scientific  courses,  and  the  scope  of  the  subjects  is  that 
covered  by  the  following  or  any  other  recognized  text-books  of  an 
equivalent  standard: 

For  advanced  mathematics — • 

Differential  Calculus.     McMahon  and  Snyder. 
Integral  Calculus.     D.  A.  Murray. 
Analytical  Geometry.     Tanner  and  Allen. 

For  advanced  electricity — 

Elements  of  Electrical  Engineering  (Vol.  I.).  Franklin 
and  Estey. 

For  advanced  mechanics — 

International  Library  of  Technology,  covering  the  sub- 
jects of  steam  engines,  steam  boilers,  gas  engine  manage- 
ment, carburetters,  electric  ignition,  and  gas-producers. 

It  is  assumed  that  the  applicant  has  specialized  upon  one  and 
not  all  of  the  advanced  subjects,  and  immediately  upon  reporting 
to  the  board  for  examination  he  will  indicate  in  writing  which  one 
of  the  advanced  subjects  he  desires  to  be  examined  upon.  After 
having  once  indicated  the  subject,  no  change  to  another  subject  will 
be  allowed. 

In  awarding  marks,  the  board  will  give  to  each  subject  in  the 
examination  the  relative  weight  given  in  the  following  form.  The 
general  average  of  the  candidate  will  be  computed  as  follows: 
Mark  each  question  according  to  its  relative  weight  and  reduce  the 
aggregate  of  marks  thus  obtained  in  each  subject  to  a  scale  of  100. 
The  result  will  give  the  cnark  in  the  subject.     Multiply  the  mark  in 


78 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 


each  subject  by  the  number  indicating  the  relative  weight  of  the 
subject  and  divide  the  sum  of  the  products  by  the  sum  of  the  relative 
weights;  the  quotient  will  be  the  general  average.  No  candidate 
will  be  passed  by  the  board  who  shall  not  have  attained  a  general 
average  of  at  least  70  per  cent. 

Example. 


No. 


Subjects. 


Elementary  electricity 

Elementary  mechanics 

Elementary  chemistry 

Advanced  electricity,  mechanics  or 

mathematics 

Constitution  and  international  law 

Army  and  Drill  Regulations 

Military  record  and  aptitude 


General  average . 


Mark. 


82 
76 
80 

73 

67 
75 
81 


Relative 
Weights. 


2 
2 

2 

10 
3 
2 
4 

25 


Products 
of  Multipli- 
cation by 
Relative 
Weights. 


164 
152 
160 

730 
201 
150 
324 

1,881 

75.24 


REPORT    OF    EXAMINING    BOARD,    AND    ASSIGNMENTS. 

When  the  board  shall  have  examined  and  passed  upon  all  the 
applicants,  it  will  prepare  separate  proceedings  in  each  case  and  also 
a  tabulated  statement  showing  the  order  of  their  relative  merit  as 
developed  by  the  examination,  and  forward  the  proceedings  with  all 
papers  pertaining  thereto  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army. 

The  final  examination  is  competitive  and  for  the  number  of  va- 
cancies in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Coast  Artillery 
Corps  remaining  each  year  after  the  assignment  of  the  graduates  of 
that  year  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy. 

The  board  will  recommend  for  appointment  only  such  number, 


United  States  Military  Service,  79 

in  the  order  of  merit  established  by  the  examination,  as  will  equal 
the  number  of  vacancies  remaining  after  the  assignment  of  the 
graduates  of  the  Military  Academy,  as  hereinbefore  stated,  and  no 
greater  number  will  be  reported  as  having  passed.  No  competitor 
will  be  recommended  by  the  board  who  is  not  physically,  morally, 
and  mentally  qualified  for  the  position  of  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Coast  Artillery  Corps.  Upon  the  approval  by  the  War  Department 
of  the  report  of  the  board,  each  competitor  recommended  in  accord- 
ance with  this  paragraph  will  be  regarded  as  eligible  for  appointment. 

FORM  FOR  INDIVIDUAL  RECORD  OF  CANDIDATE. 

1.  Give  the  exact  date  and  place  of  your  birth. 

2.  Are  you  married  or  single? 

3.  Are  you  a  citizen  of  the  United  States?     If  so,  state  whether 

native-born  or  naturalized. 

4.  What  schools  have  you  attended  and  for  what  periods?     An- 

swer explicitly,  giving  dates  and  designations  of  schools,  as 
public  schools,  academies,  district  schools,  colleges,  manual- 
training  schools,  night  schools,  etc.  Give  also  names  and 
present  addresses  of  presidents,  superintendents,  comman- 
dants, principals,  professors,  or  teachers  under  the  super- 
vision of  whom  you  w^ere  while  attending  schools,  academies, 
colleges,  etc. 

5.  In  what  profession  or  occupation  have  you  been  employed? 

Answer  explicitly,  giving  time,  character  of  employment, 
etc. 

6.  During  what  time  have  you  supported  yourself,   totally  or 

partially,  by  your  own  labor? 

7.  Have  you  ever  served  in  the  volunteers  or  organized  militia, 

or  as  a  cadet  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy?  An- 
swer explicitly,  giving  State,  arm  of  Service,  rank,  etc. 

8.  State  concisely  your  service  in  the  Regular  Army,  giving  or- 

ganizations in  which  you  have  served  and  names  of  officers 
under  whom  you  have  served,  with  periods  of  such  service 
(as  near  as  possible)  in  each  case. 


8o  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

9.     State  the  places  of  your  residence  since  your  twelfth  birthday, 
giving  dates  between  which  you  resided  at  each  place. 

10.  State  the  name  and  present  address  of  each  person  by  whom 
you  were  employed  since  your  twelfth  birthday,  giving  in 
each  instance  the  nature  of  the  employment  and  dates  of 
its  beginning  and  ending. 

[Signature,  with  •full  name,  rank,  etc.] 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me,  the day  of , 

A.  D.  19 


CHAPTER  IV. 


Appointments'fromXivii.' Life. 

APPOINTMENTS  TO  THE  CAVAI^RY,  FIELD'aRTILLERY,  AND  INFANTRY. 

EXAMINING  BOARDS,   HOW  CONSTITUTED. THOSE  EUGIBLE  FOR 

APPOINTMENT. PHYSICAI^     EXAMINATION. MORAI^     CHARACTER 

AND  MENTAL  EXAMINATION. EXAMINATION  AS  TO  FITNESS  FOR 

MOUNTED   SERVICE. REPORT   OF   THE   EXAMINING   BOARD. AP- 
POINTMENTS   TO    THE    COAST    ARTII^LERY. APPLICATIONS,    HOW 

MADE. EXAMINING     BOARD,     HOW     CONSTITUTED. — QUALIFICA- 
TIONS OF  CANDIDATES. 

Candidates  for  commissions  in  the  Army  from  civil  life  come 
third  in  the  order  of  precedence.  The  vacancies  existing  after  the 
appointment  of  the  graduating  class  at  West  Point,  and  of  such  of 
the  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  as  have  satisfactorily  passed  all  the 
examinations,  have  been  usually  sufficient  to  take  up  practically 
all  of  the  vacancies  occurring  in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant. 
There  are  usually  a  few  vacancies  left,  and  the  practice  has  now 
almost  become  a  rule  of  giving  these  vacancies  to  honor-graduates  of 
institutions  of  learning  having  an  Army  officer  detailed  as  professor 
of  military  science  and  tactics.  There  are  ten  schools  known  as 
''Class  A"  schools,  which  are  designated  as  "distinguished;' 
and  graduates  from  this  class,  no  doubt,  have  a  better  chance  of 
obtaining  a  commission  than  the  graduates  of  non-distinguished 
schools,  even  of  Class  A. 

The  Class  A  schools  are  those  "whose  organization  is  essen- 
tially military,  whose  students  are  habitually  in  uniform,  in  which 

81 


82  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

military  discipline  is  constantly  maintained,  and  one  of  whose  ob- 
jects is  the  development  of  the  student  by  means  of  military  drill 
and  by  regulating  his  daily  conduct  according  to  the  principles  of 
military  discipline. '^ 

For  list  of  military  schools  and  the  classifications,  see  Chapter 
XIV. 

The  following  rules  and  regulations  govern  the  examination 
and  appointment  of  candidates  from  civil  life  for  appointment  to 
the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Army: 

APPOINTMENTS  TO  THE  CAVALRY,  FIELD  ARTILLERY, 
AND  INFANTRY. 

EXAMINING  BOARDS HOW  CONSTITUTED. 

Boards  for  the  examination  of  applicants  from  civil  life  for 
appointment  to  the  position  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  cavalry, 
field  artillery,  and  infantry  will  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of 
War,  and  will  consist  of  five  commissioned  officers,  including  two 
medical  officers.  The  duties  of  the  medical  officers  will  be  confined 
to  examining  into  and  reporting  upon  the  physical  qualifications 
of  the  candidates. 

THOSE  ELIGIBLE  FOR  APPOINTMENT. 

Such  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  cavalry, 
field  artillery,  and  infantry  as  exist  after  the  assignment  of  the 
graduates  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy  each  year,  and  as 
are  not  required  for  qualified  enlisted  candidates,  are  available  for 
the  appointment  of  civilians.  In  any  year  when  such  vacancies 
are  available  they  may  be  filled — 

First.  By  the  appointment  of  honor-graduates  of  institutions 
of  learning  at  which  officers  of  the  Army  are  detailed  as  professors 
of  military  science  and  tactics,  whose  students  have  exhibited  the 


United  States  Military  Service.  83 

greatest  application  and  proficiency  in  military  training  and  knowl- 
edge, not  to  exceed  ten  for  any  one  year  for  all  arms  of  the  Service. 

Such  graduates  will  not  be  required  to  undergo  any  mental 
examination,  but  each  must  be  recommended  by  the  Army  officer 
serving  at  the  time  of  graduation  as  professor  of  military  science 
and  tactics  at  the  institution  at  which  the  applicant  was  graduated. 
The  applicants  of  this  class  who  may  be  appointed  second  lieuten- 
ants will  be  so  appointed  in  advance  of  other  appointees  from  civil 
life ;  and  their  places  in  the  lineal  and  relative  lists  of  second  lieu- 
tenants of  the  Army  will  be  determined  at  the  War  Department 
by  lot. 

Second.  By  the  appointment  of  such  civilian  applicants  as 
may  be  designated  by  the  President  and  may  pass  the  prescribed 
competitive  examination. 

No  person  shall  be  examined  unless  he  has  a  letter  from  the 
War  Department  authorizing  his  examination. 

If  the  candidate  has  been  graduated  at  an  institution  where 
he  received  military  instruction,  he  must  present  a  diploma  or  a 
recommendation  from  the  faculty  of  the  institution. 

.  If  a  member  of  the  National  Guard,  he  must  present  recom- 
mendations from  the  proper  National  Guard  authorities. 

No  candidate  will  be  examined  who  is  married,  or  under  twenty- 
one  or  over  twenty-seven  years  of  age,  or  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States. 

PHYSICAIv  EXAMINATION. 

Each  applicant  will  first  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  physical  ex- 
amination, and  any  applicant  who  fails  to  pass  it  will  be  rejected 
by  the  board ;  but,  should  he  so  desire,  he  will  be  permitted  to  un- 
dergo the  mental  examination  with  the  distinct  understanding  that 
such  examination  will  not  confer  upon  him  any  right  to  appoint- 
ment should  his  physical  disability  finally  be  regarded  as  disquali- 


§4  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

fying.  Examination  as  to  physical  qualifications  will  conform  to 
the  standard  required  of  recruits,  except  that  any  applicant  whose 
degree  of  vision  is  less  than  20 — 40  in  either  eye,  or  who  is  color- 
blind for  red,  green,  or  violet,  will  be  rejected. 

The  physical  examination  will  be  made  complete  in  each  case, 
even  though  a  deficiency  be  discovered,  so  as  to  ascertain  whether 
any  other  defects  exist.  It  is  highly  desirable  that  where  a  candi- 
date is  rejected  for  any  physical  cause,  the  cause  of  rejection  should 
be  so  clearly  established  as  to  be  conclusive  of  the  reasonableness 
and  propriety  of  the  rejection,  and  in  cases  where  physical  fitness 
appears  doubtful  the  board  should  require  the  production  of  such 
testimony  as  to  the  medical  history  of  the  candidate  and  of  his 
family  as  may  be  obtainable.  A  certificate  of  physical  examination 
by  the  medical  officers  of  the  board  will  accompany  the  proceedings 
of  the  board  in  each  case. 

MORAL  CHARACTER  AND  MENTAL  EXAMINATION. 

The  moral  character  of  each  applicant  found  physically  quali- 
fied, or  who  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examination,  notwith- 
standing his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  inquired  into,  and  any 
applicant  who  has  not  borne  a  good  moral  character  will  be  rejected 
and  his  examination  will  cease. 

Each  applicant  who  has  been  found  qualified  morally  and  is 
physically  qualified,  or  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examination 
notwithstanding  his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  examined  mentally 
in  the  following  subjects: 

1.  English  grammar,  including  orthography,  reading,  and 
writing  from  oral  dictation. 

2.  In  his  knowledge  of  arithmetic  and  his  ability  to  apply 
its  rules  to  practical  questions;  in  his  knowledge  of  the  use  of 
logarithms  and  ability  to  apply  them  to  questions  of  practice;  in 
his  knowledge  of  algebra,  through  quadratic  equations,  and  in  his 


United  States  Military  Service.  85 

knowledge  of  plane  and  solid  geometry,  plane  and  spherical  trigo- 
nometry, and  elements  of  surveying. 

3.  Geography,  particularly  in  reference  to  the  United  States 
and  North  America. 

4.  The  outlines  of  general  history,  and  particularly  the  his- 
tory of  the  United  States. 

5.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Government  under  it,  and  the  elements  of  interna- 
tional law. 

6.  Army  Regulations,  and  the  drill  regulations  of  cavalry, 
field  artillery,  or  infantry,  as  the  candidate  may  elect. 

The  examination  in  drill  regulations  shall  consist  of  a  prac- 
tical demonstration  of  the  ability  of  the  candidate  to  instruct  and 
command  troops  in  the  exercises  and  maneuvers  of  the  drill  regula- 
tions to  include  the  platoon,  and  shall  take  place  in  the  presence  of 
all  the  line  officers  of  the  board. 

f.  The  probable  efficiency  and  aptitude  of  the  candidate  as 
judged  by  the  examining  board  and  as  shown  by  his  knowledge  of 
Army  and  drill  regulations  acquired  by  personal  study  and  applica- 
tion, or  by  experience  in  a  military  school,  or  in  the  National  Guard. 

In  awarding  marks,  the  board  will  give  to  each  subject  in  the 
examination  the  relative  weight  given  in  the  following  form:  The 
general  average  of  the  candidates  will  be  computed  as  follows: 
Mark  each  question  according  to  its  relative  weight  and  reduce  the 
aggregate  of  marks  thus  obtained  in  each  subject  to  a  scale  of  100. 
The  result  will  give  the  mark  in  the  subject.  Multiply  the  mark  in 
each  subject  by  the  number  indicating  the  relative  weight  of  the 
subject  and  divide  the  sum  of  the  products  by  the  sum  of  the  rela- 
tive weights;  the  quotient  will  be  the  general  average. 


86 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 


Example. 


No. 


Subjects. 


English  grammar,  etc 

Mathematics 

Geography 

History . .    

Constitution  and  international  law 

Army  and  Drill  Regulations 

Probable  efficiency  and  aptitude.  . 

General  average 


Products 

Relative 

of  Multipli- 

Mark. 

Weights. 

cation  by 
Relative 
Weights. 

82 

3 

246 

76 

4 

304 

80 

2 

160 

73 

3 

219 

67 

2 

134 

75 

3 

225 

80 

2 

160 

19 

1,448 
7>.2l 

EXAMINATION  AS  TO  FITNESS  FOR  MOUNTED  SERVICE. 

All  applicants  will  be  examined  carefully  as  to  their  fitness  for 
mounted  service,  taking  into  consideration  only  the  degree  of  profi- 
ciency shown  by  them  in  riding  and  horsemanship  and  their  size  when 
so  great  as  to  indicate  present  or  future  unsuitahility  for  mounted  ser- 
vice, and  the  board  will  report  by  name  in  three  groups  as  deter- 
mined by  the  result  of  the  examination,  viz. : 

I  St.     Those  considered  specially  qualified  for  mounted  service. 

2d.      Those  considered  qualified. 

3d.      Those  considered  not  qualified. 


REPORT  OF  THE  EXAMINING  BOARD. 

No  candidate  will  be  passed  by  the  board  w^ho  shall  not  have 
attained  a  general  average  of  75  per  cent  in  all  subjects  examined 
upon,  and  not  less  than  65  per  cent  in  any  one  subject. 

When  the  board  shall  have  examined  and  passed  upon  all  ap- 
plicants, it  will  prepare  separate  proceedings  in  each  case  and  also 
a  tabulated  statement  showing  the  order  of  their  relative  merit  as 
determined  by  the  general  examination,  and  forward  the  proceed- 


United  States  Military  Service.  87 

ings  with  all  papers  pertaining  thereto  to  the  Adjutant  General  of 
the  Army.  In  establishing  the  order  of  relative  merit,  the  general 
average  of  each  applicant  will  be  made  up  from  the  average  of  the 
marks  in  all  subjects  in  which  he  was  examined. 

The  following  rules  and  regulations  govern  the  appointment 
to  the  Coast  Artillery  of  candidates  from  civil  life : 

APPOINTMENTS  TO  THE  COAST  ARTILLERY. 

APPLICATIONS — HOW  MADE. 

Such  vacancies  in  the  grade  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Coast 
Artillery  Corps  as  exist  after  the  assignment  of  the  graduates  of  the 
United  States  Military  Academy  each  year,  and  as  are  not  required 
for  qualified  enlisted  candidates,  are  available  for  the  appointment 
of  civilians  who  will  be  selected  by  competitive  examination  from 
those  designated  by  the  War  Department.  Applications  for  desig- 
nations should  be  addressed  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army, 
and  must  include  a  signed  statement  showing  the  date  of  birth  of 
the  applicant,  whether  he  is  married  or  single,  and  whether  or  not 
he  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  by  birth  or  naturalization. 

EXAMINING  BOARD HOW  CONSTITUTED. 

Candidates  will  be  authorized  to  report  for  examination  at 
such  military  posts  in  the  vicinity  of  their  homes  as  may  be  desig- 
nated in  each  case,  and  the  examination  will  be  conducted  by  a 
board  to  consist  of  two  medical  officers  and  one  or  more  line  officers, 
appointed  by  the  post  commander.  The  duties  of  the  medical 
officers  shall  be  confined  to  inquiring  into  and  reporting  upon  the 
physical  qualifications  of  the  applicants,  and  the  duty  of  the  line 
officers  shall  be  to  supervise  the  mental  examination,  which  will  be 
written,  the  questions  therefor  being  furnished  by  the  Adjutant 
General  of  the  Army  to  the  senior  line  officer  of  the  board.     The 


88  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

physical  examination  will  be  conducted  first,  and  this  will  be  fol- 
lowed by  the  mental  examination,  which  will  take  place  in  the 
presence  of  the  line  officers  of  the  board,  at  least  one  of  whom  must 
be  present  at  all  times  during  the  mental  examination.  Each  ex- 
amination paper  will  contain  a  certificate  from  one  of  the  line  officers 
of  the  board  that  the  applicant  has  undergone  the  examination  in 
his  presence  and  without  assistance  from  anyone.  Examination 
papers,  when  completed,  will  be  forwarded  with  the  certificate  of 
the  medical  officers  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army.  Marks 
upon  both  the  preliminary  and  the  competitive  examination  papers 
will  be  awarded  by  the  War  Department. 

QUALIFICATIONS  OP  CANDIDATES. 

No  candidate  will  be  examined  who  is  married,  or  under  twenty- 
one  or  over  twenty-seven  years  of  age,  or  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States. 

MORAL  CHARACTER. 

All  candidates  shall  submit  to  the  officer  conducting  the  mental 
examination  testimonials  or  certificates  as  to  their  moral  character 
and  fitness  for  the  position  of  a  commissioned  officer,  and  these  testi- 
monials and  certificates  will  be  forwarded  with  the  examination 
papers. 

PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION. 

Any  applicant  who  fails  to  pass  this  examination  will  be  re- 
jected, but,  should  he  so  desire,  he  will  be  permitted  to  undergo 
the  mental  examination  with  the  distinct  understanding  that  such 
examination  will  not  confer  upon  him  any  right  to  appointment 
should  his  physical  disability  finally  be  regarded  as  disqualifying. 
Examination  as  to  physical  qualifications  will  conform  to  the 
standard  required  of  recruits,  except  that  any  applicant  whose  de- 


United  States  Military  Service.  89 

gree  of  vision  is  less  than  20 — 40  in  either  eye,  or  who  is  color-blind 
for  red,  green,  or  violet,  will  be  rejected.  The  physical  examina- 
tion will  be  made  complete  in  each  case,  even  though  a  deficiency 
be  discovered,  so  as  to  ascertain  whether  any  other  defects  exist. 
It  is  highly  desirable  that  where  a  candidate  is  rejected  for  any 
physical  cause,  the  cause  of  rejection  should  be  so  clearly  estab- 
lished as  to  be  conclusive  of  the  reasonableness  and  propriety  of  the 
rejection,  and  in  cases  where  physical  fitness  appears  doubtful  the 
board  should  require  the  production  of  such  testimony  as  to  the 
medical  history  of  the  candidate  and  of  his  family  as  mav  be 
obtainable. 

PREUMINARY  MKNTAI^  EXAMINATION.     ' 

Each  applicant  who  is  physically  qualified  or  desires  to  undergo 
the  mental  examination  notwithstanding  his  physical  defects,  ex- 
cept those  exempted  under  the  provisions  of  paragraph  8,  will  then 
be  examined  mentally  in  the  following  subjects: 

1 .  English  grammar  and  orthography,  the  latter  to  be  judged 
by  all  the  papers  submitted  by  the  candidate. 

2.  Mathematics,  to  include  algebra,  plane  and  solid  geometry, 
trigonometry,  and  the  elements  of  the  calculus. 

3.  Geography  and  history,  particularly  of  the  United  States. 

The  scope  of  the  mathematical  subjects  will  be  that  usually 
considered  necessary  as  a  general  foundation  or  preparation  for 
undertaking  a  scientific  course  of  study,  such  as  is  given  to  officers 
at  the  Coast  Artillery  School,  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  and  is  covered  by 
the  following  or  any  other  recognized  text-books  on  the  same  sub- 
jects of  an  equivalent  standard,  viz. : 

New  School  Algebra.     Went  worth. 

Plane  and  Solid  Geometry  (revised).     Wentworth. 

New  Plane  and  Spherical  Trfgonometry.       Wentworth. 


90  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Diflferential  Calculus  (to  include  Differentiation"  of  Algebraic, 
Logarithmic,  Exponential,  and  Trigonometric  Fimctions). 
McMahon  and  Snyder. 

Integral  Calculus  (first  four  chapters).     D.  A.  Murray. 

In  marking  the  examination  papers,  the  following  relative 
weights  will  be  given  to  the  subjects  enumerated  in  this  paragraph: 
grammar,  2;    mathematics,  9;    geography  and  history,  3. 

Candidates  who  attain  a  general  average  of  70  per  cent  in  all 
of  the  above  specified  subjects  will  be  considered  as  having  passed  a 
satisfactory  preliminary  examination. 

Applicants  who  are  graduates  of  recognized  colleges  or  univer- 
sities i '.'  either  the  classical  or  scientific  courses  thereof  will,  if  they 
desire,  be  exempt  from  the  preliminary  examination  described, 
a,nd  to  this  end  they  should  submit  to  the  War  Department  diplo- 
mas, certificates,  or  other  evidence  of  such  graduation  when  ap- 
plying for  the  letter  of  designation,  referred  to.  If  exempted, 
candidates  will  be  so  informed  in  their  letters  of  designation. 

Honor  graduates  of  institutions  of  learning  at  which  officers 
of  the  Army  are  detailed  as  professors  of  military  science  and  tac- 
tics, and  whose  students  have  exhibited  the  greatest  application 
and  proficiency  in  military  training  and  knowledge,  who  have  been 
selected  for  commissions  in  the  Army  among  the  ten  of  that  class 
authorized  for  all  arms,  will,  if  they  desire  it,  be  appointed  to  va- 
cancies in  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  under  the  provisions  of  this 
order  and  will  be  exempt  from  the  preliminary  examination  pre- 
scribed. Those  so  appointed  will  take  rank  over  all  other  ap- 
pointees from  civil  life  who  compete  at  the  same  time. 

COMPETITIVE  MENTAL  EXAMINATION. 

On  the  completion  of  the  preliminary  examination,  each  appli- 
cant who  has  been  found  physically  qualified  or  desires  to  undergo 
the  mental  examination  notwithstanding  his  physical  defects,  will 
then  be  examined  mentally  in  the  following  subjects: 


United  States  Military  Service.  91 

1.  Elementary  electricity. 

2.  Elementary  mechanics. 

3.  Elementary  chemistry. 

4.  Advanced  mathematics,  electricity,  or  mechanics,  as  the 
applicant  may  elect. 

5.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Government  under  it,  and  the  elements  of  interna- 
tional law. 

The  scope  of  the  examination  in  elementary  electricity,  me- 
chanics, and  chemistry  will  be  that  of  a  high  school  or  preparatory 
school  examination  in  these  subjects,  and  will  cover  only  so  much 
of  the  subjects  as  is  usually  considered  necessary  as  a  general  foun- 
dation or  preparation  for  beginning  one  of  the  scientific  courses  at 
recognized  colleges  or  technical  schools.  The  scope  of  the  subjects 
is  that  covered  by  the  following  or  any  other  recognized  text-books 
of  an  equivalent  standard,  viz. : 

Lessons  in  Practical  Electricity  (Lessons  i  to  23).     Swoope. 
A  Text-Book  of  Physics.     Wentworth  and  Hill. 
Elementary  Chemistry.     Clark  and  Dennis. 

The  scope  of  the  examination  in  advanced  mathematics^  elec- 
tricity, or  mechanics  will  be  that  of  a  final  examination  in  these 
subjects  given  by  certain  correspondence  schools  and  by  recognized 
colleges  and  technical  schools  at  the  end  of  the  sophomore  or  junior 
years  in  the  scientific  courses,  and  the  scope  of  the  subjects  is  that 
covered  by  the  following  or  any  other  recognized  text-books  of  an 
equivalent  standard,  viz. : 

For  advanced  mathematics — 

Difterential  Calculus.     McMahon  and  Snyder. 
Integral  Calculus.     D.  A.  Murray. 
Analytical  Geometry."     Tanner  and  Allen. 

For  advanced  electricity — 

Elements  of  Electrical   Engineering  (Vol.   I.).     Franklin 
and  Estey. 


92  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

For  advanced  mechanics — 

International  Library  of  Technology,  covering  the  sub- 
jects of  steam  engines,  steam  boilers,  gas  engine  manage- 
ment, carburetters,  electric  ignition,  and  gas-producers. 

It  is  assumed  that  the  applicant  has  specialized  upon  one  and 
not  all  of  the  advanced  subjects,  and  immediately  upon  reporting 
to  the  board  for  examination  he  will  indicate  in  writing  which  one 
of  the  advanced  subjects  he  desires  to  be  examined  upon.  After 
having  once  indicated  the  subject,  no  change  to  another  subject 
will  be  allowed. 

In  marking  the  examination  papers,  the  following  relative 
weights  will  be  given  to  the  subjects  enumerated  in  this  paragraph : 
elementary  electricity,  2;  elementary  mechanics,  2;  elementary 
chemistry,  2;  advanced  mathematics,  electricity,  or  mechanics,  10; 
the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  international  law,  3. 

Candidates  who  pass  satisfactorily  the  preliminary  examination 
described,  and  those  who  are  exempted  from  this  preliminary  ex- 
amination, will  be  graded  in  order  of  merit  upon  the  results  of  the 
competitive  mental  examination  described.  From  those  so  graded 
who  pass  satisfactorily  the  competitive  mental  examination,  a  suffi- 
cient number  of  candidates  to  fill  the  available  vacancies  will  be 
selected. 


CHAPTER  V. 


Appointme^nts  to  the  Porto  Rico  Regiment  of 
Infantry. 

BOARDS  for  the  EXAMINATION  OF  APPLICANTS. — QUALIFICATIONS  FOR 

APPOINTMENT. APPLICATIONS     FOR     EXAMINATION. — PHYSICAL 

EXAMINATION. MORAL  AND  MENTAL  EXAMINATION. EXAMINA- 
TION FOR  PROMOTION  IN  THE  PORTO  RICO  REGIMENT. FORM  FOR 

INDIVIDUAL  RECORD  OF  CANDIDATE. 

The  Porto  Rico  Regiment  of  Infantry  forms  a  part  of  the 
Regular  Army.  It  consists  of  two  battalions  of  four  companies 
each.  The  field  officers  consist  of  one  lieutenant-colonel  and  two 
majors,  who  are  detailed  from  officers  of  the  Army  not  below  the 
rank  of  captain.     The  detail  is  for  four  years. 

The  officers  of  the  Porto  Rico  Regiment  have  the  same  rank, 
pay,  and  allowances  as  officers  of  the  same  grade  in  the  Regular 
Army,  except  with  regard  to  promotion,  which  is  made  by  seniority 
within  the  regiment. 

The  strength  of  the  regiment  is  as  f ollow^s : 

Enlisted  Men. 

Eight  companies  (organized  as  provided  for  infantry)  of  65  men 
each.... - — 520 

Regimental  and  battalion  non-commissioned  staff 7 

Regimental  band  (organized  as  provided  for  infantry) 28 

Total  enlisted..-. ..- - 555 

93 


94  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Commissioned  Officers. 

Captains — ii 

First  lieutenants lo 

Second  lieutenants lo 

Chaplains i 

Total  commissioned 32 

Aggregate 587 

The  following  regulations  governing  the  examination  of  candi- 
dates for  appointment  as  second  lieutenants,  and  of  lieutenants  for 
promotion  in  the  Porto  Rico  Regiment  of  Infantry,  having  been  ap- 
proved by  the  President,  is  published  by  the  War  Department  for 
the  information  and  guidance  of  all  concerned.  The  Act  of  Con- 
gress, approved  May  27,  1908,  provides  that  vacancies  in  the  grade 
of  second  lieutenant  may  be  filled  by  the  President  in  his  discretion 
by  the  appointment  of  citizens  of  Porto  Rico,  whose  qualifications 
for  commissions  shall  be  established  by  examination : 

BOARDS  FOR  THE  EXAMINATION  OF  APPLICANTS. 

Boards  for  the  examination  of  applicants  for  appointment  to 
the  position  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Porto  Rico  Regiment  of 
Infantry  will  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War  and  will  consist 
of  five  commissioned  officers,  including  two  medical  officers.  The 
duties  of  the  medical  officers  will  be  confined  to  examining  into  and 
reporting  upon  the  physical  qualifications  of  the  candidates. 

QUALIFICATIONS  FOR  APPOINTMENT. 

Citizens  of  Porto  Rico,  including  enlisted  men  of  the  Porto 
Rico  Regiment  of  Infantry,  who  on  the  first  day  of  the  examination 
are  not  less  than  twenty-one  nor  more  than  twenty-seven  years  of 
age  and  who  are  physically  sound  and  of  good  moral  character,  are 
eligible  for  examination,  but  no  person  will  be  examined  by  the 
board  unless  he  has  a  letter  from  the  War  Department  authorizing 
the  same. 


United  States  Military  Service,  95 

APPLICATIONS  FOR  EXAMINATION. 

Application  for  authority  to  appear  before  the  examining  board 
should  be  made  in  writing  to  the  commanding  officer,  Porto  Rico 
Regiment  of  Infantry,  who  will  forward  the  same  to  the  Adjutant 
General  of  the  Army,  indorsing  thereon  his  opinion  as  to  whether 
or  not  the  applicant  fulfills  each  of  the  conditions  required  in  the 
preceding  paragraph,  and  will  add  his  remarks  as  to  the  aptitude 
of  the  applicant  for  the  position  sought.  Each  application  will  be 
accompanied  by  the  "Form  for  Individual  Record  of  Candidate," 
filled  out  and  sworn  to  as  indicated,  and  by  evidence  from  reputable 
persons  as  to  the  age,  citizenship,  and  moral  character  of  the  appli- 
cant. These  papers  will  be  referred  to  the  board  before  which  the 
applicant  is  authorized  to  appear. 

PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION. 

Each  applicant  will  first  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  physical  ex- 
amination, and  any  applicant  who  fails  to  pass  it  will  be  rejected 
by  the  board;  but,  should  he  so  desire,  he  will  be  permitted  to  un- 
dergo the  mental  examination  with  the  distinct  understanding  that 
such  examination  will  not  confer  upon  him  any  right  to  appointment 
should  his  physical  disability  finally  be  regarded  as  diqualifying. 

Examination  as  to  physical  qualification  will  conform  to  the 
standard  required  of  recruits,  except  that  any  applicant  who  is 
under  5  feet  3  inches  in  height,  or  whose  degree  of  vision  is  less  than 
20 — 40  in  either  eye,  or  who  is  color-blind  for  red,  green,  or  violet, 
will  be  rejected. 

The  physical  examination  will  be  m^ade  complete  in  each  case, 
even  though  a  deficiency  be  discovered,  so  as  to  ascertain  whether 
any  other  defects  exist.  It  is  highly  d-esirable  that  when  a  candi- 
date is  rejected  for  any  physical  cause  the  cause  of  rejection  should 
be  so  clearly  established  as  to  be  conclusive  of  the  reasonableness 


96  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

and  propriety  of  the  rejection,  and  in  cases  where  physical  fitness  ap- 
pears doubtful  the  board  should  require  the  production  of  such  tes- 
timony as  to  the  medical  history  of  the  candidate  and  of  his  family 
as  may  be  obtainable. 

A  certificate  of  physical  examination  by  the  medical  officers 
of  the  board  will  accompany  the  proceedings  of  the  board  in  each 
case. 

MORAL  AND  MENTAL  EXAMINATION. 

The  moral  character  of  each  applicant  found  physically  quali- 
fied, or  who  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examination  notwith- 
standing his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  inquired  into,  and  any 
applicant  who  has  not  borne  a  good  moral  character  will  be  rejected 
and  his  examination  will  cease. 

Each  applicant  who  has  been  found  qualified  morally  and  is 
physically,  qualified  or  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examination 
notwithstanding  his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  examined  ment- 
ally in  the  following  subjects,  questions  being  prepared  by  the  board, 
and  answers  submitted  in  writing: 

a.  English    grammar,    including    orthography,    reading,    and 

writing  from  oral  dictation. 

b.  Arithmetic,  and  ability  to  apply  its  rules  to  all  practical 

questions. 

c.  Geography,  particularly  that  of  North  America. 

d.  The  outlines  of  history  of  the  United  States. 

e.  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  organization  of 

the  Government  under  it. 
/.     Army  Regulations, 
g.    Infantry  Drill  Regulations.     Practical  only  and  extending 

through  the  Schools  of  the  Soldier,  Squad,  and  Platoon, 

held  in  presence  of  the  board. 


United  States  Military  Service. 


97 


h.  Probable  efficiency  and  aptitude  as  judged  by  the  board 
from  the  applicant's  knowledge  of  Army  and  drill  regu- 
lations; his  record,  if  any,  in  the  military  or  civil  service 
of  the  United  States  or  of  Porto  Rico,  and  his  conduct 
and  appearance  while  undergoing  examination. 

In  awarding  marks,  the  board  will  give  to  each  subject  in  the 
examination  the  relative  weight  giyen  in  the  following  form.  The 
general  average  of  the  candidate  will  be  comiputed  as  follows:  Mark 
each  question  according  to  its  relative  weight  and  reduce  the  aggre- 
gate of  marks  thus  obtained  in  each  subject  to  a  scale  of  loo.  The 
result  will  be  the  percentage  of  proficiency  in  the  subject.  Multiply 
the  percentage  in  each  subject  by  the  number  indicating  the  relative 
weight  of  the  subject  and  divide  the  sum  of  the  products  by  the  sum 
of  the  relative  weights;  the  quotient  will  be  the  general  percentage. 
No  candidate  will  be  passed  by  the  board  who  shall  not  have  at- 
tained at  least  65  per  cent  in  each  subject  of  the  examination  and 
a  general  percentage  of  at  least  70. 

Example. 


Subjects. 


a.  English  grammar 

h.   Arithmetic 

c.  Geography 

d.  United  States  history 

e.  United  States  Constitution 

/.    Army  Regulations 

g.  Infantry  Drill  Regulations  (prac- 
tical)   

h.  Probable  efficiency  and  aptitude 

General  percentage 


Percent- 
age. 


70 
68 
72 
65 
66 
75 

80 
80 


Relative 
Weights. 


19 


140 
136 
144 
130 
132 
225 

240 
240 

1,387' 

73.00 


98  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

When  the  board  shall  have  examined  and  passed  upon  all  the 
applicants,  it  will  prepare  separate  proceedings  in  each  case,  and 
also  a  tabulated  statement  showing  the  order  of  their  relative  merit 
as  developed  by  the  examination,  and  forward  the  proceedings 
with  all  papers  pertaining  thereto  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the 
Army. 

EXAMINATION  FOR  PROMOTION  IN  THE  PORTO  RICO 
REGIMENT. 

The  examination  of  first  and  second  lieutenants  of  the  Porto 
Rico  Regiment  of  Infantry  for  promotion  in  the  regiment  will  be 
conducted  in  the  manner  prescribed  by  General  Orders,  No.  128, 
War  Department,  July  12,  1906,  as  amended  by  paragraph  3,  Gen- 
eral Orders,  No.  147,  War  Department,  July  8,  1907,  for  the  exam- 
ination for  promotion  of  first  and  second  lieutenants  of  infantry, 
respectively. 


FORM  FOR  INDIVIDUAL  RECORD  OF  CANDIDATE. 

Give  the  exact  date  and  place  of  your  birth. 

Are  you  married  or  single? 

Are  ycu  a  citizen  of  Porto  Rico? 

What  schools  have  you  attended? 

In  what  profession  or  occupation  have  you  been  employed  ? 

Have  you  ever  served  in  any  military  capacity  under  the  United 

States    Government?     State    organizations   and    periods    of 

service. 
Have  you  ever  served  in  the  civil  government  of  Porto  Rico  or 

any  municipality  thereof?     State  positions  held  and  cause  of 

relinquishing  each. 


[Signature,  with  full  name,  rank,  etc.] 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  the day  of 

A.  D.  190..... 


CHAPTER  VI. 


Appointments  to  the  PhiIvIppine  Scouts. 

examination  for  appointment, — examination  for  promotion 
or  reappointment. professional  examination  of  offi- 
cers of  the  phiuppine  scouts. form  of  individual  record 

of  candidate  for  original  appointment. 

The  Philippine  Scouts  form  a  part  of  the  Army  of  the  United 
States,  but  not  the  Regular  Army.  The  majors  are  appointed  from 
captains  of  the  line  of  the  Regular  Army,  and  the  captains  from  the 
first  lieutenants  of  Scouts.  The  officers  are  detailed  for  a  period 
of  four  years.  The  lieutenants  are  selected  from  enlisted  men  of 
the  Regular  Army,  from  officers  and  enlisted  men  of  the  Volunteers 
who  served  since  the  beginning  of  the  war  with  Spain,  from  civil 
life,  or  from  natives  of  the  Philippine  Islands. 

Candidates  for  appointment  to  the  Scouts  are  referred  to  the 
chapter  on  the  Philippine  Constabulary  for  information  about  the 
Philippine  Islands. 

The  commissioned  organization  consists  of  ii  majors,  51  cap- 
tains, 55  first  lieutenants,  and  63  second  lieutenants  (19 10).  The 
enlisted  strength  is  about  5,500.     It  is  limited  by  law  to  12,000. 

The  enlisted  men  are  natives  and  enter  for  a  term  of  three  years. 
At  present,  sergeants  receive  $15.00,  corporals  $9.00,  and  privates 
$7.80  per  month. 

The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  permit  not  exceeding 
four  Filipinos,  to  be  designated,  one  for  each  class,  by  the  Philip- 
pine Commission,  to  receive  instruction  at  the  United  States  Mili- 

99 


loo  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

tary  Academy  at  West  Point.  They  receive  the  same  pay,  allow- 
ances, and  emoluments  as  other  cadets,  and  on  graduation  are  eli- 
gible to  commissions  in  the  Philippine  Scouts  onl}^  They  are  re- 
quired to  serve  for  eight  years  in  the  Scouts  unless  earlier  discharged. 

EXAMINATION  FOR  APPOINTMENT  TO  THE  SCOUTS. 

The  rules  and  regulations  for  the  examinations  are  issued  from 
the  War  Department.  There  have  been  changes  from  time  to  time, 
but  the  following,  taken  from  the  latest  War  Department  order,  is 
likely  to  remain  the  regulations  for  some  time  to  come : 

1.  For  the  purpose  of  securing  a  list  of  persons  specially 
qualified  for  appointment  as  second  lieutenants  of  Philippine  Scouts, 
the  War  Department  will  convene  boards  of  officers  at  suitable  and 
convenient  Army  posts  on  the  ist  day  of  November  of  each  year 
for  the  purpose  of  examining  applicants.  These  boards  will  consist 
of  five  commissioned  officers,  including  two  medical  officers  whose 
duties  will  be  confined  to  examining  into  and  reporting  upon  the 
physical  qualifications  of  the  candidates. 

2.  Applicants  for  appointment  must  be  citizens  of  the  United 
States  or  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  unmarried,  not  under  twenty-one 
nor  over  thirty  years  of  age  on  the  first  day  of  the  examination, 
physically  sound,  and  of  good  moral  character.  Enlisted  men  of 
the  Regular  Army,  to  be  eligible  for  appointment,  must  have  had  not 
less  than  two  years'  service. 

3.  An  enlisted  man  who  desires  to  appear  for  examination 
will  submit  through  military  channels  an  a  pplication  so  that  it  will 
reach  his  department  commander  on  or  before  July  ist  of  the  year 
in  which  he  desires  to  take  the  examination.  The  application  will 
be  accompanied  by  the  "Form  for  Individual  Record  of  Candidate/^ 
filled  out  and  sworn  to  as  indicated.     (See  Form,  end  of  chapter.) 

The  company  commander,   in  forwarding  such  application, 


United  States  Military  Service,  lot 

will  verify  the  statement  of  service  as  given,  and  will  state  specific- 
ally w^hether,  in  his  opinion,  the  soldier  fulfills  each  of  the  conditions 
required  by  the  preceding  paragraph,  and  will  add  his  remarks  as 
to  the  aptitude  of  the  applicant  for  the  position  sought. 

The  post  commander  will  cause  the  applicant  to  be  examined 
by  a  medical  officer  as  to  his  physical  qualifications,  and  will  forw^ard 
the  report  of  such  examination  with  the  application,  adding  his  re- 
marks as  to  the  aptitude  of  the  applicant  for  the  position  sought. 

4.  An  applicant  from  civil  life  will  submit  his  application  in 
his  own  handwriting  on  or  before  July  ist  of  the  year  in  which  he 
wishes  to  take  the  examination  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army. 
The  application  must  set  forth  that  the  applicant  possesses  the  quali- 
fications prescribed  in  paragraph  2  of  this  chapter,  and  be  accom- 
panied by  evidence  of  reputable  persons  as  to  character  and  fitness, 
and  by  a  certificate  of  some  reputable  physician  that  he  is  physically 
sound. 

5.  The  applications  and  all  papers  pertaining  thereto,  to- 
gether with  such  official  records  of  the  War  Department  as  relate 
to  the  character  and  qualifications  of  applicants,  will  be  submitted 
to  the  boards  before  which  the  respective  applicants  may  be  di- 
rected or  authorized  to  appear.  No  person  shall  be  examined  unless 
he  has  a  letter  or  order  from  the  War  Department  authorizing  his 
examination. 

6.  Each  candidate  will  first  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  physical 
examination,  and  any  candidate  who  fails  to  pass  it  will  be  rejected 
by  the  board;  but,  should  he  so  desire,  he  will  be  permitted  to  un- 
dergo the  mental  examination.  Examinations  as  to  physical  quali- 
fications will  conform  to  the  standard  required  of  recruits.  The 
physical  examination  will  be  made  complete  in  each  case,  even 
though  a  deficiency  be  discovered,  so  as  to  ascertain  whether  any 
other  defects  exist.  It  is  highly  desirable  that  when  a  candidate  is 
rejected  for  any  physical  cause,  the  cause  of  rejection  should  be  so 


I02  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

clearly  established  as  to  be  conclusive  of  the  reasonableness  and 
propriety  of  rejection.  A  certificate  of  physical  examination  by  the 
medical  officers  of  the  board  will  accompany  the  proceedings  of  the 
board  in  each  case. 

The  moral  character  of  each  candidate  found  physically  quali- 
fied, or  who  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examination  notwith- 
standing his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  inquired  into,  and  any  can- 
didate who  has  not  borne  a  good  moral  character  will  be  rejected 
and  his  examination  will  cease. 

Each  candidate  who  has  been  found  qualified  physically  and 
morally,  or  who  desires  to  undergo  the  mental  examination  notwith- 
standing his  physical  defects,  will  then  be  examined  mentally  in  the 
following  subjects,  questions  being  prepared  by  the  board  and  an- 
swers submitted  in  writing.  In  the  examination  of  a  native  of  the 
Philippine  Islands  the  questions  will  be  of  such  a  character  as  a  Fili- 
pino of  fair  education  would  be  expected  to  know,  and  if  he  prefers, 
the  examination  may  be  oral  except  "writing  from  dictation." 

a.  English  grammar,  including  orthography,  reading,  and 

writing  from  dictation. 

b.  In  his  knowledge  of  the  elementary  principles  of  arith- 

metic, and  ability  to  solve  such  problems  only  as  are 
likely  to  be  useful  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties  as  a 
company  officer. 

c.  Geography   o*!   North    America   and    the    Philippine 

Islands. 

d.  The  outlines  of  the  history  of  the  United  States. 

e.  Army  Regulations. 

/.  Infantry  Drill  Regulations.  The  examination  in  drill 
regulations  will  be  practical,  extending  through  the 
Schools  of  the  Soldier,  Squad,  and  Platoon,  and  shall 
take  place  in  the  presence  of  the  board. 


United  States  Military  Service, 


103 


g.      Probable  efficiency  and  aptitude  as  judged  by  the 
board  from  his  knowledge  of  Army  and  drill  regula- 
tions; his  record,  if  any,  in  the  military  or  civil 
service,  and  his  conduct  and  appearance  while  un- 
dergoing  examination.     In   determining   his   apti- 
tude, credit  will  also  be  given  to  him  for  knowledge 
of  the  Spanish  language  or  of  any  of  the  dialects 
spoken  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  as  demonstrated 
to  the  board. 
7.     In  awarding  marks,  the  board  will  give  to  each  subject  in 
the  examination  the  relative  weight  given  in  the  following  form. 
The  general  average  of  the  candidate  will  be  computed  as  follows: 
Mark  each  question  according  to  its  relative  weight  and  reduce  the 
aggregate  of  marks  thus  obtained  in  each  subject  to  a  scale  of  100. 
The  result  will  be   the  percentage  of  proficiency  in  the  subject. 
Multiply  the  percentage  in  each  subject  by  the  number  indicating 
the  relative  weight  of  the  subject  and  divide  the  sum  of  the  products 
by  the  sum  of  the  relative  weights ;  the  quotient  will  be  the  general 
average.     No  candidate  will  be  passed  by  the  board  who  shall  not 
have  attained  at  least  65  per  cent  in  each  subject  of  the  examination 
and  a  general  average  of  at  least  70  per  cent. 

Example. 


Subjects. 


a.  English  grammar,  etc 

b.  Arithmetic 

c.  Geography 

d.  United  States  history 

e.  Array  Regulations 

/.    Infantry  Drill  Regulations  (prac- 
tical)   

g.   Probable  efficiency  and  aptitude 

General  average 


Percent- 
age. 

Relative 
Weights. 

74 
68 
70 
65 
80 

~           2 
2 
2 
2 
3 

78 
85 

3 
4 

18 

Products 
of  Multipli- 
cation by 
Relative 
"Weights. 


148 
136 
140 
130 
240 

234 
340 


1,368 
76 


104  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

8.  When  the  board  shall  have  examined  and  passed  upon  all 
the  applicants,  it  will  prepare  separate  proceedings  in  each  case  and 
forward  these  with  all  papers  pertaining  thereto  to  the  Adjutant 
General  of  the  Army. 

EXAMINATION  FOR  PROMOTION   OR  REAPPOINTMENT. 

9.  Once  each  year,  preferably  about  January  ist,  the  com- 
manding general,  Philippines  Division,  will,  under  authority  of  the 
War  Department,  appoint  a  board  of  five  officers,  two  of  whom  shall 
be  medical  officers,  whose  duties  will  be  confined  to  inquiring  into 
and  reporting  upon  the  physical  qualifications  of  the  officers  to  be 
examined.  The  three  other  members  will  be  officers  then  serving 
with  or  who  have  had  service  with  the  Philippine  Scouts. 

This  board  will  be  directed  to  visit  the  station  of  each  officer 
of  the  Philippine  Scouts  whose  position  on  the  lineal  list  of  his  grade 
renders  his  promotion  probable  within  the  calendar  year,  or  whose 
provisional  appointment  will  expire  within  the  calendar  year.  The 
names  and  stations  of  such  officers  will  be  communicated  to  the 
board  by  the  adjutant  general,  Philippines  Division,  and  each  officer 
will  be  directed  to  report  to  the  president  of  the  board  upon  its  ar- 
rival at  his  station.  Commanding  officers  will  furnish  the  board 
with  facilities  for  conducting  the  examination  prescribed  below. 

Each  officer  indicated  above  will  be  examined  in  the  manner 
prescribed  by  General  Orders,  No.  128,  War  Department,  1906,  for 
the  examination  of  officers  of  the  Regular  Army  for  promotion, 
with  the  following  exceptions: 

Witnesses  need  not  be  summoned  from  a  distance,  but  will  be 
heard  if  they  voluntarily  come  to  the  station  or  live  near  the  station 
where  the  board  is  conducting  an  examination. 

If  the  number  of  members  is  reduced  by  challenge  or  otherwise, 
the  board  will  continue  its  examination  of  an  officer  as  long  as  two 
members  other  than  the  medical  officers  remain. 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the  105 

The  papers  referred  to  in  paragraph  15  of  General  Orders,  No. 
128,  War  Department,  1906,  will  be  forwarded  to  the  board  by  the 
adjutant  general,  Philippines  Division. 

In  addition  to  consideration  of  written  testimony  as  to  an  . 
officer's  general  efficiency,  the  board  will  visit  the  command  with 
which  the  officer  being  examined  is  on  duty,  and  examine  into  the  ad- 
ministration, instruction,  and  discipline  of  any  troops  lately  under 
his  command,  or  investigate  the  method  of  discharge  of  any  duty 
lately  rendered  as  a  staff  officer,  if  he  have  no  command. 

The  quantity  of  field  service  had  and  manner  in  which  such  duty 
has  been  rendered,  and  any  recommendations  by  his  superiors  for 
distinguished  service,  will  be  considered. 

The  professional  examination  will  be  oral  an^  practical,  no 
written  examination  being  conducted.  No  lists  of  questions  will  be 
furnished  the  board  from  the  War  Department.  In  reporting  the 
examination  of  an  officer  for  reappointment,  the  board  will  report 
whether  or  not  in  its  opinion  the  officer  should  be  reappointed  at  the 
expiration  of  his  provisional  appointment  or  should  be  discharged, 
either  then  or  as  of  an  earlier  date,  in  the  interest  of  the  Service; 
and  in  reporting  the  examination  of  an  officer  whose  promotion  is 
not  recommended,  the  board  will  report  whether  or  not  in  its  opinion 
the  officer  should  be  discharged  on  the  date  when  the  vacancy  to 
which  he  would  otherwise  be  entitled  to  be  promoted  occurs  or  as 
of  an  earlier  date.  One  copy  of  the  proceedings  in  the  case  of  each 
officer  examined  will,  after  action  thereon  by  the  commanding  gen- 
eral, Philippines  Division,  be  forwarded  to  the  Adjutant  General  of 
the  Army. 

PROFESSIONAL  EXAMINATION  FOR  OFFICERS 
OF  PHILIPPINE  SCOUTS. 

10.  For  promotion  from  second  lieutenant  to  first  lieutenant, 
or  for  reappointment  as  second  lieutenant : 


io6  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

a.  Administration. 

(i)  Army  Regulations  and  general  orders  of  the  War  De- 
partment and  of  the  Philippines  Division,  as  far  as 
knowledge  thereof  is  essential  to  the  correct  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  an  officer  of  Philippine  Scouts. 

(2)  Explanation  of  the  methods  of  conducting  company- 
administration  and  preparation  of  the  necessary  re- 
ports, returns,  and  requisitions. 

b.  Infantry  Drill  Regulations. 

Practical  demonstration  of  the  ability  of  the  officer  to  in- 
struct and  command  a  company  of  infantry. 

c.  Manual  of  Guard  Duty. 

Duties  of  the  commanding  officer,  officer  of  the  day,  officer 
of  the  guard,  and  various  enlisted  members  of  the  guard. 

d.  Small- Arms  Firing  Regulations. 

Sufficiently  extended  to  determine  whether  the  officer  is 
able  to  instruct  a  company  and  to  render  the  necessary  re- 
ports and  make  the  appropriate  entries  on  muster-rolls  and 
pay-rolls. 

e.  Spanish  or  any  dialect  spoken  in  the  Philippine  Islands. 

(i)    A  test  of  the  officer's  ability  to  translate  at  sight,  to  and 

from  English,  a  brief  letter  or  newspaper  article. 
(2)    His  ability  to  converse  and  make  himself  understood  in 
Spanish  or  the  dialect  selected  by  him  in  lieu  thereof. 
1 1 .     For  promotion  from  first  lieutenant  to  captain,  or  for  re- 
appointment as  captain  or  first  lieutenant. 

a.  Administration.  ^ 

b.  Infantry  Drill  Regulations.  1    Same  as  for  second 

c.  Manual  of  Guard  Duty.  j      lieutenants. 

d.  Small  Arms -Firing  Regulations.   J 

e.  Field  Service  Regulations. 

Sufficiently  extended  to  ascertain  if  the  officer  is  familiar 
with  the  duties  of  security  and  information,  preparation  of 
field  orders,  combat  action  of  a  company  of  infantry,  recon- 
naissance, marches,  and  transfer  of  troops  by  rail  or  water, 
/.     Military  Law. 

( I )  Manual  of  courts-martial  from  beginning  to  include  the 
chapter  on  "Inferior  Courts- Martial/* 


United  States  Military  Service.  107 

(2)    Preparation  of  charges  and  specifications  and  reports  of 
cases  tried  by  summary  courts-martial, 
g.    Spanish,  or  any  dialect  spoken  in  the  Philippine  Islands. 
(Same  as  for  second  lieutenants.) 

12.  An  officer  who  is  ordered  to  report  for  examination  for 
promotion,  and  who  in  the  preceding  year  has  successfully  passed 
the  examination  for  reappointment  herein  prescribed,  shall  be  ex- 
cused from  the  prescribed  mental  examination. 

13.  The  examination  of  officers  of  Philippine  Scouts  not  being 
governed  by  the  act  of  Congress  approved  October  i,  1890,  a  failure 
by  any  such  officer  to  pass  the  physical  examination  prescribed 
above  does  not  confer  a  right  to  retirement,  nor  does  failure  to  pass 
the  professional  examination  prescribed  above  confer  a  right  to  re- 
examination at  any  future  time. 

FORM  FOR  INDIVIDUAL  RECORDOF  CANDIDATE. 

1.  Give  the  exact  date  and  place  of  your  birth. 

2.  Are  you  married  or  single? 

3.  Are  you  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  or  of  the  Philippine 

Islands?     If  so,  state  whether  native-bom  or  naturalized. 

4.  What  schools  have  you  attended  and  for  what  periods?     An- 

swer explicitly,  giving  dates  and  designations  of  schools,  as 
public  schools,  academies,  district  schools,  colleges,  manual 
training  schools,  night  schools,  etc.  Give  also  names  and 
present  addresses  of  presidents,  superintendents,  comman- 
dants, principals,  professors,  or  teachers  under  the  supervis- 
ion of  whom  you  were  while  attending  schools,  academies, 
colleges,  etc. 

5.  In  what  profession  or  occupation  have  you  been  employed? 

Answer  explicitly,  giving  time,  character  of  employment,  etc. 

6.  During  what  time  have  you  supported  yourself,   totally  or 

partially,  by  your  own  labor  ? 

7.  Have  you  ever  served  in  the  Volunteers  or  organized  Militia, 

or  as  a  cadet  at  the  United  States  Military  Academy?  An- 
swer explicitly,  giving  State,  arm  of  Service,  rank,  etc. 


io8  As'pirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

8.  State  concisely  your  service  in  the  Regular  Army,  or  in  the 

Philippine  Scouts,  giving  organizations  in  which  you  have 
served  and  names  of  officers  under  whom  you  have  served, 
with  periods  of  such  service  (as  near  as  possible)  in  each  case. 

9.  State  the  places  of  your  residence  since  your  tw^elfth  birthday, 

giving  dates  between  which  you  resided  at  each  place. 

10.  State  the  name  and  present  address  of  each  person  by  whom 
you  were  employed  since  your  twelfth  birthday,  giving  in 
each  instance  the  nature  of  the  employment  and  dates  of  its 
beginning  and  ending. 


[Signature,  with  full  name,  rank,  etc.] 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  the day  of 

A.  D.  190... . 


CHAl  TER  VII. 


Appointment  to  the  Grade  of  Third  Lieutenant  in  the 
PhiIvIppine  Constabulary. 

DUTIES  OF  CONSTABULARY  OFFICERS. 

The  Constabulary  is  the  armed  civil  police  force  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  Philippine  Islands,  established  and  administered  under 
the  general  supervision  of  the  Governor-General  for  the  purpose  of 
maintaining  order,  preventing  and  detecting  crime,  and  enforcing 
the  laws. 

It  consists  of  about  325  commissioned  officers  and  5,000  men. 
The  companies  are  scattered  at  different  points  where  needed 
throughout  the  entire  archipelago.  The  work  required  of  the  offi- 
cers is  of  a  high  character  and  demands  much  energy,  tact,  and 
ability  to  be  successfully  performed. 

In  addition  to  the  training  and  instruction  of  their  men,  the 
officers  have  a  great  deal  of  civil  and  political  work  of  an  important 
character.  They  must  also  be  prepared  to  take  the  field,  and  their 
duties  in  suppressing  brigandage  involve  at  times  field-work  of  the 
greatest  difficulty  and  danger. 

The  work  of  Constabulary  officers  brings  them  into  close  contact 
with  the  people,  and  cannot  fail  to  be  interesting  and  instructive. 

Upon  appointment,  officers  are  assigned  for  three  months  to 
the  Constabulary  School,  which  is  situated  at  Baguio,  Benguet 
Province,  at  an  elevation  of  about  5,000  feet  above  sea-level,  where 
the  climate  is  at  all  times  cool. 

103 


no  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

PAY  OF  CONSTABULARY  OFFICERS. 

Salaries  paid  Constabulary  officers,  in  United  States  currency, 
are  as  follows: 

Colonel  and  Assistant  Director $3, 500 

Lieutenant-Colonel  and  Assistant  Director 2,750 

Major,  staff  duty 2,500 

Major - — 2,000 

Captain  ..— $1 ,600  and   i  ,800 

First  Lieutenant... 1,400 

Second  Lieutenant. i ,  200 

Third  Lieutenant i ,  100 

Officers  are,  in  addition,  furnished  quarters  or  given  an  allow- 
ance for  same. 

Officers  who  qualify  in  speaking  and  reading  one  of  the  native 
Filipino  dialects,  or  in  speaking  the  Moro  dialect  and  reading  it 
from  Arabic  characters,  are  allowed  $50  per  year  extra  compensa- 
tion. Officers  are  also  allowed  10  per  cent  additional  to  their  sal- 
ary for  each  five  years'  service,  provided  that  the  increase  under 
this  head  does  not  exceed  40  per  cent. 

COST  OF  LIVING. 

In  Manila  the  cost  is  determined  largely  by  the  manner  o 
living.  Living  in  families  or  in  messes  costs  from  $30.00  to  $40.00 
per  month.  The  cost  of  living  in  the  provinces  is  generally  less  than 
in  Manila.  The  uniforms  for  Constabulary  officers  are  made  of 
light  khaki  cloth  for  service  and  white  duck  or  drill  for  dress  wear, 
the  same  materials  that  are  used  by  the  Regular  Army  in  the 
tropics.  vSuch  clothing  is  very  cheap  in  Manila  and  is  made  to  order 
for  about  $6.00  per  suit.  Arms,  except  swords,  are  supplied  by  the 
Government.  A  full  outfit  of  uniforms,  hats,  caps,  leggings,  put- 
tees, etc.,  may  be  obtained  in  Manila  for  about  $85.00.  A  consid- 
erable quantity  of  very  light-weight  underclothing  should  be  brought 
by  those  coming  from  America. 


United  States  Military  Service.  iii 

APPOINTMENTS,  LEAVES  OF  ABSENCE,  ETC. 

Appointments  are  made  to  the  grade  of  third  lieutenant  as 
vacancies  occur.  All  appointees  mus  agree  to  serve  at  least  three 
years.  Examinations  of  applicants  are  held  at  present  in  the 
Philippine  Islands  only,  and  appointments  in  the  United  States 
are  made  only  from  among  young  men  who  are  graduates  of  col- 
leges and  universities,  who  are  admitted  without  examination  upon 
recommendation  of  the  faculty,  and  on  application  to  the  Chief  of 
the  Bureau  of  Insular  Affairs,  War  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  manner  in  which  promotions  are  made  in  the  Constabulary 
renders  it  possible  for  successful  men  to  go  up  otherwise  than  by 
seniority. 

All  promotions  to  the  grade  of  captain  and  the  grades  above 
are  made  by  selecting  officers  of  the  grade  next  below  the  one  to 
w^hich  appointment  is  made,  who,  by  the  character  of  their  work, 
have  demonstrated  their  superior  fitness  for  the  responsibilities  and 
duties  of  the  Constabulary.  Promotions  in  the  lower  grades  are 
made  usually,  two  by  seniority  and  one  by  selection. 

The  laws  of  the  Philippine  Government  allow  a  vacation  leave 
with  full  pay  of  twenty-eight  days  annually.  In  addition  to  the 
vacation  leave,  an  employee  of  the  Philippine  Government  who  has 
Served  at  least  two  years  is  allowed  leave  from  thirty  to  thin  y- five 
days  a  year,  depending  upon  the  salary  he  receives,  to  visit  the 
United  States.  This  leave  may  be  allowed  to  accrue  for  five  years 
so  as  to  obtain  a  longer  leave  to  visit  the  United  States.  In  such 
case,  full  pay  is  allowed  and  an  additional  two  months  on  half-pay 
given  as  travel-time  for  going  and  returning.  A  person  in  the 
United  States  appointed  for  service  in  the  Philippines  may  pay  his 
traveling  expenses  to  Manila,  or  they  may  be  paid  by  the  Chief  of 
the  Bureau  of  Insular  Affairs,  War  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Half-salary  is  allowed  from  the  time  of  embarkation  and  full  pay 
from  the  day  following  the  date  of  arrival  in  the  Islands.     This  half- 


112  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

salary  during  transit  is  retained  and  paid  after  the  expiration  of 
two  years'  satisfactory  service  in  the  Islands.  The  actual  and 
necessary  traveling  expenses  are  refunded  at  the  expiration  of  two 
years  if  the  employee  conies  by  the  route  and  steamer  directed,  and 
pays  his  own  expenses  out,  being  careful  to  keep  receipts  therefor. 

CLIMATE. 

There  is  continuous  warm  weather  in  the  Philippine  Islands, 
but  the  heat  is  not  intense,  and  the  general  health  of  Americans 
who  take  reasonable  care  of  themselves  is  good.  During  the  greater 
part  of  the  year  Americans  suffer  less  from  the  heat  than  during  the 
summer  months  in  many  parts  of  the  United  States.  From  April 
to  July  is  the  hottest  period;  from  July  to  October  there  are  fre- 
'  quent  rains  which  cool  the  atmosphere,  and  from  November  to 
April  the  weather  is,  as  a  rule,  clear  and  pleasant.  The  nights 
during  this  period  are  cool — in  fact,  the  nights  are  generally  pleas- 
ant during  the  entire  year,  with  the  exception,  possibly,  of  two  or 
three  months. 

EXAMINATIONS  AND  APPOINTMENTS  IN  THE 
CONSTABULARY. 

TIMS  AND  PLACE. 

The  dates  and  places  for  holding  examinations  will  be  an- 
nounced from  time  to  time  by  the  Director  of  Constabulary. 

QUAWFICATIONS. 

I.  No  person  will  be  appointed  who  is  under  21  or  over  33 
years  of  age;  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  who  is 
not  a  native  of  the  Philippine  Islands^  or  a  person  who  has,  under 
and  by  virtue  of  the  Treaty  of  Paris,  acquired  the  rights  of  a  native 
of  the  Philippine  Islands;  who  is  not  physically  qualified  to  dis- 
charge all  the  duties  of  an  officer  in  active  service;  who  has  any 


United  States  Military  Service.  113 

deformity  of  the  body,  or  mental  infirmity;  or  whose  moral  habits 
are  not  good. 

2.  A  candidate  who  has  been  graduated  at  a  regularly  incor- 
porated college  or  university  may  be  appointed  without  mental 
examination  on  presentation  of  a  diploma,  together  with  a  recom- 
mendation of  the  faculty  of  the  institution,  and  with  full  and  sat- 
isfactory evidence  as  to  mental  capacity,  moral  character,  personal 
habits,  and  occupation  since  graduation. 

3.  Every  candidate  appearing  will  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  phys- 
ical examination,  which  will  conform  to  the  standard  required  for 
officers  of  the  United  States  Army;  applicants  for  appointment  from 
the  United  States  must  include  in  their  papers  a  certificate  of  phys- 
ical examination  by  a  physician,  which  will  embrace  the  information 
required  by  the  form  for  the  examination  of  recruits. 

4.  All  applicants  except  those  specified  in  paragraph  2  above 
will  be  examined  as  outlined  herein.  No  candidate  will  be  exam- 
ined unless  he  has  the  authority  of  the  Director  of  Constabulary 
to  appear  for  examination;  and  in  the  case  of  a  soldier  in  the  United 
States  Army,  the  authority  of  the  Division  Commander. 

5.  The  examination  of  candidates  will  include  the  following 
subjects  and  will  be  written  under  the  first  five  sub-heads : 

(i)     Grammar,  including  spelling  and  writing  from  ora^ 
dictation. 

(2)  Arithmetic,  including  the  application  of  its  rules  to 

all  practical  questions. 

(3)  Geography,  with  reference  to  the  general  geography 

of  the  world — the  principal  physical  and  political 
divisions  of  the  earth's  surface. 

(4)  History,  including  the  elements  and  outlines  of  gen- 

eral history,  and   particularly  the  history  of  the 
United  States. 


114  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

(5)  Constitutional   law,   including   the   elements  of   the 

Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  the  main 
principles  upon  which  the  Government  under  it  is 
organized. 

(6)  Examination  will  be  made  also  as  to  the  general  qual- 

ifications of  each  applicant,  including  aptitude  and 
probable  efficiency  as  an  officer  of  the  Constabulary. 
The  military  record  of  an  applicant  who  is  or  has 
been  a  soldier,  as  certified  to  by  his  company  and 
post  commanders,  will  be  considered  under  this 
sub-head.  In  the  case  of  an  applicant  who  is  or  has 
been  recently  a  soldier  in  the  Army,  a  portion  of 
the  examination  under  this  sub-head  will  be  a  prac- 
tical test  in  the  drill  regulations  of  the  arm  in  which 
he  has  served  and  oral  questions  in  the  main  prin- 
ciples of  the  Army  administration  and  discipline. 

(7)  Physical  aptitude,  as  determined  by  medical  exam- 

ination or  other  evidence  submitted. 

(8)  Careful  inquiry  will  be  made  concerning  the  anteced- 

ents, personal  habits,  and  moral  character  of  each 
applicant,  who  must  submit  evidence  from  reputa- 
ble persons.     Candidates  will  not  be  graded  under 
this  head,  but  those  whose  habits  or  associations 
are  not  up  to  the  standard,  or  who  are  addicted  to 
the  use  of  intoxicants,  will  be  reported  as  not  suita- 
ble for  appointment. 
6.     In  awarding  marks,  the  relative  weights  will  be  given  to 
each  subject  as  in  the  form  below.     The  general  average  of  a  candi- 
date will  be  computed  as  follows:     Each  question  will  be  marked 
according  to  its  relative  weight,  and  the  aggregate  marks  thus  ob- 
tained in  each  subject  reduced  to  a  scale  of  too;  the  result  will  give 
the  average  proficiency  in]the  subject.    The  average  in  each  subject 
will  be  multiplied  by  the  number  indicating  the  relative  weight  of 
the  subject  and  the  sum  of  the  products  divided  by  the  sum  of  the 
relative  weights;  the  quotient  will  be  the  general  average.    No  can 
didate  will  be  passed  who  shall  not  have  obtained  an  average  of  65 
per  cent  in  each  subject  and  a  general  average  of  at  least  70  per  cent. 


United  States  Military  Service. 


lis 


Example. 


No. 


Subjects. 


Aver-     Relative 
ages.      Weights. 


Products 
of  Multipli- 
cation 
by  Relative 

Weights. 


English  grammer 

Mathematics 

Geography 

History 

Constitutional  law 

Aptitude  and  probable  efficency. 
Physique 


Total 

General  average. 


82 
76 
80 
73 
65 
80 
87 


246 
304 
160 
219 
130 
400 
261 


1,720 
78.17 


7.  Where  several  candidates  are  examined,  the  order  of  rela- 
tive merit  of  all  will  be  reported.  Candidates  who  pass  the  examina- 
tion and  are  recommended  for  appointment  will  be  placed  upon 
an  eligible  list,  and  will  be  appointed  as  vacancies  occur  should  there 
not  be  sufficient  vacancies  at  the  time. 


RULEvS  FOR  EXAMINATION. 

1.  Many  competitors  fail  to  pass  an  examination  not  through 
lack  of  knowledge,  but  owing  to  haste  and  carelessness  in  reading 
and  interpreting  questions  and  in  writing  answers.  uThe  time  al- 
lowed for  each  examination  is  amply  sufficient  for  competitors  to 
complete  it  by  using  a  reasonable  degree  of  intelligence  and  applica- 
tion to  work,  "and  it  cannot  be  extended  in  individual  cases,  as,  for 
instance,  where  a  competitor  devotes  so  much  time  to  thcj^work  of 
one  subject  that  he  cannot  complete  the  remaining  subjects  within 
the  prescribed  time. 

2.  Unless  otherwise  stated,  competitors  are  not  limited  in 
time  on  any  sheet,  but  should  gauge  their  work  on  each  sheet  so  as 
to  complete  all  work  within  the  limit  prescribed  for  the  entire 
examination. 


u6  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

3.  Competitors  are  not  permitted  to  leave  the  room,  if  pos- 
sible to  avoid  it,  with  a  sheet  unfinished,  and  such  sheets  are  taken 
up  and  not  returned. 

.4.  An  examination  sheet  spoiled  cannot  be  exchanged  for 
another  of  the  same  kind. 

5.  All  work  on  examination  sheets  is  required  to  be  done 
in  ink. 

6.  Pencil  and  scratch-paper  may  be  used  in  preliminary  work. 

7.  The  use  of  blank  paper,  other  than  that  furnished  by  the 
examiner  in  charge,  is  not  permitted;  on  completion  of  an  examina- 
tion sheet,  the  blank  paper  pertaining  thereto  is  handed  in  with  it. 
All  work,  however,  must  be  on  the  examination  sheet,  as  the  blank 
paper  is  collected,  not  for  consideration  in  the  rating,  but  for 
destruction. 

8.  No  helps  of  any  kind  are  allowed.  Before  the  examination 
is  commenced,  any  written  or  printea  matter  that  any  candidate 
may  have  which  might,  if  used,  aid  in  his  work  must  be  turned 
over  to  the  examiner.  Making  copies  of  questions  or  of  any  portion 
of  the  examination  for  the  purpose  of  taking  the  same  from  the 
room  is  prohibitea. 

■q.  All  conversation  or  communication  between  competitors 
during  the  examination  is  strictly  prohibited. 

10.  All  necessary  explanations  will  be  made  to  the  whole  class. 

11.  Copies  of  examination  papers  or  examination  questions 
must  be  handed  in  with  the  answers  and  must  not  be  taken  from 
the  room. 

N.  B. — A  violation  of  the  instructions  may  be  deemed  sufficient 
cause  for  canceling  papers  and  for  refusal  to  admit  competitors 
to  any  other  examination.  Competitors  are  requested  to  report  to 
the  examiner  any  irregularity  that  may  come  under  their  notice 
during  the  examination. 


United  States  Military  Service. 


1.17 


DESCRIPTION  OF  EXAMINATIONS. 

Following  are  descriptions  of  some  of  the  examinations  which 
are  held.  As  an  aid  to  applicants  in  arriving  at  a  proper  under- 
standing of  the  scope  of  the  different  examinations,  specimen  ques- 
tions and  exercises  are  given.  These  particular  questions  and  ex- 
ercises will  not,  of  course,  be  used  in  the  examination  of  applicants, 
but  are  intended  simply  to  show  the  degree  of  difficulty  of  the  sub- 
jects in  the  diflferent  examinations. 


GRAMMAR,  INCI.UDING   SPELUNG. 

[Time  allowed,  three  hours.] 

The  following  are  specimen  questions  and  tests  in  this  examina- 
tion. The  words  in  spelling  are  dictated  by  the  examiner  and  re- 
quired to  be  written  by  the  competitor  in  the  blank  spaces  indicated 
on  the  first  sheet  of  the  examination.  The  examiner  pronounces 
each  word  and  gives  its  definition.  The  competitor  is  required  to 
wTite  only  the  words,  and  not  the  definition.  The  words  should 
begin  with  capital  letters. 

1.  Asylum — A  charitable  institution;  as,  an  asylum' for  the 
•  deaf. 

2.  Philippines — The  name  of  a  group  of  islands. 

3.  Qualify — To  become  fit;  as,  to  qualify  for  office. 

4.  Changing — Causing  a  change;  as,  changing  a  schedule. 

5.  Competition — ^The  act  of  competing;  competition  in  an 

examination. 

6.  Physical — Relative  to  physique  or  nature;  as,  physical 

geography. 

7.  Concede — To  give  up  or  surrender;  as,  to  concede  a  point. 

8.  Collectible — ^That  which  mav  be  collected;  as,  a  col- 

lectible bill. 

9.  Minimum — ^The  least  quantity. 

10.     Reference — The  act  of  referring;  a  reference  in  a  letter. 


ji8 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 


II 

12 

13 
14. 
15 
16 

17 

18 

19 
20. 


Comparative — Estimated  by  comparison. 

Erase — To  rub  out. 

Forfeit — ^To  surrender;  to  give  up. 

Circumference — The  line  which  bounds  a  circle. 

I  MPERATivE — -That  which  is  urgent ;  expressing  command . 

Preference — Having  a  choice;  being  preferred. 

Defendant — A  defender;  as,  the  defendant  in  the  action. 

Citation — The  act  of  citing  or  quoting. 

ViELAiN — A  vile  person;  a  knave;  a  scoundrel. 

Civilization — The  state  of  being  civilized. 


DICTATION. 

The  examiner  will  read  slowly  and  clearly  about  fifteen  lines 
of  very  simple  standard  prose,  which  the  competitors  will  be  required 
to  write  down  directly,  in  ink,  on  the  examination  sheet  which 
they  are  to  turn  in.  This  will  give  a  test  as  to  their  qualifications 
in  handwriting,  punctuation,  and  the  use  of  capitals 

Write  the  plurals  of  the  following  words:  (i)  Motto;  (2)  mon- 
ey; (3)  belief;  (4)  axis;  (5)  man-of-war. 

Write  the  feminine  forms  of  the  following:  (i)  Hero;  (2)  mur- 
derer; (3)  emperor. 

Write  the  possessive  case  of  the  following:     (i)  Men;  (2)  it; 

(3)  boys. 

Give  the  principal  parts  (present  tense,  past  tense,  and  past 
participle)    of  the   following  verbs:      (i)  Chose;    (2)    fly;    (3)    sit; 

(4)  freeze. 

Correct  errors  in  the  following  sentences: 

1.  It  was  not  her  that  did  it. 

2.  Who  do  you  take  him  to  be? 

3.  He  surel}^  don't  expect  us  to  do  it. 

4.  Neither  by  you  nor  he  was  it  considered  necessary. 

5.  How  do  you  know  when  its  coming? 

6.  Two  fatal  errors  underlaid  his  theory. 


United  States  Military  Service.  119 

7.  Except  you  go  with  us,  I  shall  stay  at  home. 

8.  Are  either  of  those  places  marked  on  the  map? 

Define  the  following:     (i)  Personal  pronoun;  (2)  conjunction. 

Parse  the  italicized  words  in  the  following  sentence: 

Other  things  being  equal,  it  is  obvious  that  the  writer  who  has 

the  most  words  to  chose  fro7n  is  most  likely  to  find  in  his  assortment 

just  the  word  which  he  needs  at  a  given  moment. 

ARITHMETIC. 

[Time  allowed,  three  hours.]  « 

1.  This  test  is  one  of  adding  columns  of  numbers  crosswise 
and  lengthwise. 

2.  Divide  478.82  by  25  3-5,  multiply  the  quotient  by  i,4i6|, 
and  from  the  product  subtract  f  of  1,789.305. 

3.  A  man  who  inherited  a  fortune  spent  one-fourth  of  it  in 
three  months,  three-sevenths  of  the  remainder  in  ten  months,  when 
he  had  only  $7,572  left.     How  much  did  he  inherit. 

4.  A  farmer  sent  to  his  commission  merchant  96  tons  of  hemp 
and  instructed  him  to  sell  it  and  invest  the  proceeds  in  farm  supplies, 
deducting  his  commission  for  selling  the  hemp  and  buying  the  sup- 
plies. He  sold  the  hemp  for  $77.00  a  ton  and  deducted  4  per  cent 
as  his  commission  for  selling.  He  then  bought  farm  supplies,  de- 
ducting 5  per  cent  of  the  cost  of  the  supplies  for  his  commission. 
What  was  the  value  of  the  supplies  purchased? 

5.  On  April  7th  a  merchant  desires  to  obtain  $1,440.  For 
how  much  must  he  give  his  note  due  September  14th,  without  in- 
terest or  days  of  grace,  to  obtain  the  required  sum  when  discounted 
at  a  bank  at  the  rate  of  9  per  cent  per  annum? 

6.  Find  the  greatest  common  divisor  of  26},  28J,  29J. 

7.  How  many  men  would  be  required  to  cultivate  a  field  of  2| 
acres  in  5  J  days  of  10  hours  each  if  each  man  completed  77  square 
yards  in  9  hours? 

8.  Divide  $7.75  among  5  boys  and  4  girls,  giving  each  boy 
three-fourths  as  much  as  each  girl. 


I20  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

9.  If  8  men  spend  $32.00  in  15  weeks,  how  much  will  56  men, 
at  the  same  rate,  spend  in  a  year? 

10.  Simplify: 

§  X  f ^ 


|x(|-i) 

GEOGRAPHY. 

[Time  allowed,  two  hours.] 

1.  Name,  in  order,  the  political  divisions  of  South  America 
that  border  on  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

2.  Name  the  bodies  of  water  surrounding  Europe. 

3.  Locate  the  following  cities:  (a)  Vienna;  (6)  Nanking; 
(c)  Bombay;    {d)  Sydney. 

4.  Name  the  principal  mountain  ranges  crossed  in  going  by 
rail  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco ;  state  the  rail  route  assumed 
and  States  through  which  it  passes. 

5.  What  are  the  qualifications  for  a  good  harbor?  Name  three 
good  harbors  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  and  one  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

6.  Where  is  Thibet? 

7.  Bound  Italy. 

S.  What  waters  are  traversed  in  going  by  steamer  from  Manila 
to  New  York  via  Suez  Canal? 

9.  Bound  the  State  of  Iowa. 

10.  Locate  the  following  islands:  (a)  Formosa;  (6)  New  Zea- 
land;   (c)  Borneo;    {d)  Java. 

HISTORY. 

[Time  allowed,  two  hours.] 

1.  What  were  the  differential  characteristics  between  the 
people  of  the  Virginia  and  Massachusetts  Colonies  at  the  beginning 
of  the  Revolution? 

2.  What  political  parties  were  formed  soon  after  the  election  of 
Washington  as  President? 


United  States  Military  Service.  121 

3.  Tell  the  story  of  the  annexation  of  Texas. 

4.  Give  the  territorial  boundaries  of  the  United  States  as  set 
forth  in  the  treaty  of  1873. 

5.  Explain  the  struggle  in  Congress  which  led  to  the  passage 
of  the  bill  called  the  "Missouri  Compromise," 

6.  Discuss  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  and  its  result. 

7.  Who  were  the  Pilgrims? 

8.  Where  did  each  of  the  following  events  occur? 

(a)     Meeting  of  the  first  Colonial  Congress. 
(6)     Burgoyne's  surrender, 
(c)      Arnold's  treason. 

9.  What  was  the  character  of  the  Spartan  people  and  the 
nature  of  their  government  ? 

10.  What  was  the  nature  of  the  early  government  of  Rome? 

11.  Who   was   Augustus   Caesar?    What  were   the   principal 
events  in  his  career? 

12.  Who  was  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  what  did  he  establish? 

1 3.  When  and  under  what  circumstances  was  the  new  German 
Empire  founded? 

CONSTlTUTlONAIv  LAW. 

[Time  allowed,  two  hours.] 

1 .  Into  what  branches  is  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
divided  ? 

2.  Give  an  outline  of  the  judicial  system  of  the  United  States. 

3.  What  are  the  constitutional  requirements  as  to  the  election 
of  President  and  Vice-President? 

4.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  the  veto  power  of  the  President. 

5.  How  is  the  power  of  the  President  to  appoint  Federal, 
civil,  or  military  officers  limited  and  regulated  ? 

6.  What  is  the  term  of  office  of  a  United  States  senator?     Of  a 
member  of  Congress? 

7.  How  are  United  senators  chosen?     Hew  are  members  of 
Congress  chosen? 


12:3 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 


press. 


8.  How  of  ten  does  Congress  meet  ? 

9.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  freedom  of  speech  and  of  the 


10.  What  is  meant  by  reHgious  liberty? 

1 1 .  What  does  the  Constitution  say  abo 
on  of  contracts? 

12.  What  is  meant  by  "due  process  of  law "  ? 


II.     What  does  the  Constitution  say  about  impairing  the  obli- 
gation of  contracts? 


FORM  OF  THE  PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION  OF  AN  APPLICANT. 


Name. 

Age. 

Birthday. 

Birthplace. 

Occupation. 

Residence. 

What   sickness   have   you   had, 

and  at  what  age? 
Nationality  of  father. 
Residence. 
Occupation. 
If  either  parent  has  died,  state 

cause. 
If   brother   or   sister   has   died, 

state  cause. 
Have  you  found  your  health  or 

habits  to  interfere  with  your 

success  in  civil  life? 
Are  you  subject — 

To  dizziness? 

To  severe  headache? 

To  pain  in  the  breast? 

To  fluttering  of  the  heart? 

To  shortness  of  breath? 

To  cold  in  the  head? 

To  coughs? 

To  diarrhea? 


To  piles? 

To  rheumatism? 
Do  you  believe  you  are  sound 

and  well  now? 
Is  your  sense  of  hearing  good  ? 
Have  you  been  ruptured  ? 
Do    you    drink   intoxicating   li- 
quors?    If  so,  to  what  extent? 
Have  you  had — 

Sore    eyes   or   any   defect    of 
vision  ? 

Running  from  either  car? 

Fits?     If  so,  how  frequently? 

Gonorrhea,  and  when? 

A  sore  of  any  kind  upon  your 
penis,  and  when? 
Any  swelling  about  or  of  your 
testicles  ? 

A  boil  near  the  anus  (fistula)  ? 

A  sprain  ? 

A  stiff  joint? 

A  bone  or  joint  out  of  place  ? 

A  bone  broken  ? 
Have  you  been  hurt  upon  the 

head?     (Answer  fully.) 
Are  you  subject  to  painful  corns 

or  sore  feet? 


United  States  Military  Service.  123 

Mention,    carefully,    injuries   or  Give  the  names  and  addresses  of 

surgical  operations  you  may  persons  dependent  upon  you 

have   had  upon  any  part  of  for  support, 
your  body,   especially  burns, 


cuts,  severe  bruises,  etc.  Applicant. 

PHYSICAL  EXAMINATION  (APPLICANT  BEING  STRIPPED)  TO  BE  MADE  BY 
A  MEDICAL  EXAMINE^. 

Figure  and  general  appearance.       Mobility. 

Weight.  Abdomen  and  contained  organs. 

Height.  Genito-urinary  apparatus. 

Hearing.  Upper  extremities. 

Chest  and  contained  organs.  Lower  extremities. 

Expiration.  Skin. 

Inspiration.  Remarks. 

1  certify  that  I  have  carefully  examined  the  above-named 
person  and  that  he  has  no  mental  or  physical  defect  disqualifying 
him  for  service  in  the  Philippines  Constabulary. 

Place, .     Date, . 

When  stripped,  examine  carefully  the  head,  ears,  eyes  (par- 
ticularly for  color-blindness  and  visual  defects  due  to  errors  of  re- 
fraction), nose,  mouth  (especially  teeth,  hard  palate,  and  tonsils), 
neck  (especially  for  enlarged  glands).  Chest:  Shape  (flat  or  pigeon- 
breasted),  resonance,  character  of  respiration.  Heart:  Sounds,  im- 
pulse (position  and  force),  action  (as  to  regularity).  Spine,  abdo- 
men (especially  for  hernia  and  enlarged  glands  in  the  groin),  genito- 
urinary apparatus,  anus  (especially  for  fistula),  upper  extremities 
(especially  for  enlarged  glands  at  the  elbows),  lower  extremities, 
and  skin. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 


Commissions  in  Voi^untki^r  Forces  Which  May  Hereafter 
«   Be;  Organized. 

ACT  of  congress  making  provision  for  "EUGIBIvE"  list. — BOARDS 

for  the  examination  of  applicants. — qualifications  of 
applicants.  —  applications  for  examination.  —  organiza- 
tion of  examining  boards. — the  examination;  infantry) 
cavalry;    field   artillery;    coast    artillery;   engineers; 

SIGNAL  corps;  adjutant  general's  DEPARTMENT;  INSPECT- 
OR general's  DEPARTMENT;  QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT; 
SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT;  ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT;  MEDICAL 
DEPARTMENT;  PAY  DEPARTMENT;  JUDGE  ADVOCATE  GENERAL' S 
DEPARTMENT. 

The  trying  experiences  of  the  authorities  during  the  organization 
of  the  Volunteer  Army  for  the  Spanish- American  War,  and  for  the 
insurrection  in  the  Philippines,  are  well  known  to  every  person  who 
makes  any  pretense  of  knowledge  of  military  matters.  A  great 
many  appointments  to  volunteer  commissions  of  officers  possessing 
little,  if  any,  qualifications  for  the  positions  sought  and  secured  were, 
with  slight  question,  forced  by  irresistible  political  influences.  The 
system  was  alike  annoying  to  the  authorities  possessing  the  ap- 
pointive power  as  well  as  to  those  whose  endorsements  were  so 
eagerly  sought,  and  in  many  cases,  because  of  political  obligations, 
were  difficult  to  refuse,  even  though  the  applicant  had  few  qualifica- 
tions for  the  office. 

This  does  not  mean  to  say  that  no  meritorious  appointments 
were  made,  for  there  were — in  fact,  in  spite  of  the  system,  the  se- 

124 


United  Sfaies  Military  Service.  125 

lections  in  by  far  more  than  a  majority  of  cases  were  excellent,  and 
the  subsequent  events  on  the  field  of  battle  and  in  the  mobilization 
camps  and  garrisons  developed  many  excellent  soldiers  from  these 
selections. 

There  really  was  no  law  on  the  statute-books  that  effectually 
provided  for  a  contingency  such  as  was  confronted,  and  the  very 
best  was  made  of  conditions  then  existing.  The  law-making  branch 
of  the  Government  learned  its  lesson  from  the  war,  as  well  as  that 
branch  of  the  executive  part  of  the  Government  which  does  the 
fight  ing^ — ^the  Army.  Our  peace  policy  and  eternal  trust  in  the 
Guardian  Angel  had  for  many  years  drawn  the  attention  of  Con- 
gress to  matters  of  commercial  welfare  of  the  country  from  the 
probabilities  of  war  and  the  necessary  preparation  for  such  an 
emergency. 

The  lessons  of  the  war  were  well  taught,  and  the  scholars  were 
very  apt,  and  no  sooner  had  the  peace  protocol  been  signed  than 
drafts  of  bills  looking  to  the  reorganization  of  our  military  forces, 
and  systems  and  methods  for  future  organization  of  armies,  were 
presented  for  enactment  to  our  national  Congress. 

The  result  was,  and  is,  a  better  Army,  a  better  Navy,  a  better 
National  Guard  (organized  Militia),  and  a  tangible  system  for  the 
organization  of  future  volunteer  armies.  An  act  of  Congress,  ap- 
proved January  21,  1903,  entitled  "An  Act  to  Promote  the  Effi- 
ciency of  the  Militia,  and  for  Other  Purposes,"  contains  the  follow- 
ing section,  which  forms  the  basis  of  securing  an  eligible  list  for  the 
officering  of  any  volunteer  force  or  forces  which  may  hereafter  be 
called  into  the  service  of  the  United  States : 


126  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

ACT  OF  CONGRESS  MAKING  PROVISIONS 
FOR  ELIGIBLE  LIST. 

"Section  23.  That,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  a  list  of  per- 
sons specially  qualified  to  hold  commissions  in  any  volunteer  force 
which  may  hereafter  be  called  for  and  organized  under  the  authority 
of  Congress,  other  than  a  force  composed  of  organized  Militia,  the 
Secretary  of  War  is  authorized,  from  time  to  time,  to  convene 
boards  of  officers  at  suitable  and  convenient  Army  posts  in  different 
parts  of  the  United  States,  who  shall  examine  as  to  their  qualifica- 
tions for  the  command  of  troops  or  for  the  performance  of  staff  duties 
all  applicants  who  shall  have  served  in  the  Regular  Army  of  the 
United  States,  in  any  of  the  volunteer  forces  of  the  United  States, 
or  in  the  organized  Militia  of  any  State  or  Territory  or  District  of 
Columbia,  or  who,  being  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  shall  have 
attended  or  pursued  a  regular  course  of  instruction  in  any  military 
school  or  college  of  the  United  States  Army,  or  shall  have  graduated 
from  any  educational  institution  to  which  an  officer  of  the  Army  or 
Navy  has  been  detailed  as  superintendent  or  professor  pursuant  to 
law  after  having  creditably  pursued  the  course  of  military  instruc- 
tion therein  provided.  Such  examinations  shall  be  under  rules  and 
regulations  prescribed  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  shall  be  espe- 
cially directed  to  avScertain  the  practical  capacity  of  the  applicant. 
The  record  of  previous  service  of  the  applicant  shall  be  considered 
as  a  part  of  the  examination.  Upon  the  conclusion  of  each  exam- 
ination, the  board  shall  certify  to  the  War  Department  its  judgment 
as  to  the  fitness  of  the  applicant,  stating  the  office,  if  any,  which  it 
deems  him  qualified  to  fill,  and,  upon  approval  by  the  President, 
the  names  of  the  persons  certified  to  be  qualified  shall  be  inscribed 
in  a  register  to  be  kept  in  the  War  Department  for  that  purpose. 
The  persons  so  certified  and  registered  shall,  subject  to  a  physical 
examination  at  the  time,  constitute  an  eligible  class  for  commis- 
sions pursuant  to  such  certificates  in  any  volunteer  force  hereafter 
called  for  and  organized  under  the  authority  of  Congress,  other  than 
a  force  composed  of  organized  Militia,  and  the  President  may 
authorize  persons  from  this  class,  to  attend  and  pursue  a  regular 
course  of  study  at  any  military  school  or  college  of  the  United  States 
other  than  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  and  to  receive  from 
the  annual  appropriation  for  the  support  of  the  Army  the  same 
allowances  and  commutations  as  provided  in  this  act  for  officers  of 


United  States  Military  Service.  127 

the  organized  Militia:  Provided,  That  no  person  shall  be  entitled  to 
receive  a  commission  as  a  second  lieutenant  after  he  shall  have 
passed  the  age  of  thirty;  as  first  lieutenant  after  he  shall  have  passed 
the  age  of  thirty-five ;  as  captain  after  he  shall  have  passed  the  age 
of  forty;  as  major  after  he  shall  have  passed  the  age  of  forty- five; 
as  lieutenant-colonel  after  he  shall  have  passed  the  ag^e  of  fifty;  or 
as  colonel  after  he  shall  have  passed  the  age  of  fifty-five:  A^id  pro- 
vided further,  That  such  appointments  shall  be  distributed  propor- 
tionately, as  near  as  may  be,  among  the  various  States  contributing 
such  volunteer  force:  And  provided,  That  the  appointments  in  this 
section  provided  for  shall  not  be  deemed  to  include  appointments  to 
any  office  in  any  company,  troop,  battery,  battalion,  or  regiment  of 
the  organized  Militia  which  vohmteers  as  a  body  or  the  officers  of 
which  are  appointed  by  the  governor  of  a  State  or  Territory.'' 

BOARDS  FOR  THE  EXAMINATION  OF  APPLICANTS. 

Boards  for  the  examination  of  applicants  for  commissions  in 
volunteer  forces  will  be  appointed  by  the  Secretary  of  War,  and 
will  consist  of  five  commissioned  officers  of  the  Regular  Army  of 
the  United  States,  including  two  medical  officers  and  a  recorder. 
The  duties  of  the  medical  officers  will  be  confined  to  inquiry  into 
and  report  upon  the  physical  condition  of  the  applicants. 

In  the  case  of  applications  for  examination  as  to  fitness  for  com- 
mission as  medical  officers  of  Volunteers,  the  board  shall  consist  of 
three  medical  officers  of  the  Regular  Army,  the  junior  acting  as 
recorder. 

The  proceedings  of  the  boards  will  be  forwarded  to  the  Adjutant 
General  of  the  Army. 

QUALIFICATIONS  OF  APPLICANTS. 

No  applicant  will  be  examined  who  is  not  a  citizen  of  the 
United  States  or  has  not  declared  his  intention  to  become  such; 
who,  in  the  judgment  of  the  board,  is  not  physically  qualified  to 
discharge  all  the  duties  of  an  officer  in  active  service;  who  has  any 


128  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

mental  infirmity  or  deformity  of  body,  or  whose  moral  fitness  has 
not  been  clearly  established;  who  shall  be  less  than  twenty-one 
years  of  age,  or  who,  being  an  applicant  for  commission  as  second 
lieutenant,  shall  be  more  than  thirty,  as  first  lieutenant  more  than 
thirty-five,  as  captain  more,  than  forty,  as  major  more  than  forty- 
five,  as  lieutenant-colonel  more  than  fifty,  or  as  colonel  more  than 
fifty-five  years  of  age. 

APPIJCATIONS  FOR  EXAMINATION. 

No  person  shall  be  examined  unless  he  has  a  letter  from  the 
War  Department  authorizing  his  examination. 

If  an  applicant  has  served  in  the  Regular  Army  of  the  United 
States,  or  in  any  of  the  volunteer  forces  of  the  United  States,  or  in 
the  organized  Militia  of  any  State  or  Territory  or  the  District  of 
Columbia,  he  shall  submit  his  discharge  papers  for  each  term  of 
service;  if  still  in  service  in  any  of  the  organizations  mentioned, 
he  shall  submit  recommendations  of  his  immediate  and  higher 
commanders. 

If  an  applicant  has  attended  or  pursued  a  regular  course  of  in- 
struction in  any  military  school  or  college  of  the  United  States 
Army,  or  has  graduated  from  any  educational  institution  to  which 
an  officer  of  the  Army  or  Navy  has  been  detailed  as  superintendent 
or  professor  pursuant  to  law,  he  shall  be  required  to  present  the 
diploma  or  certificate  of  graduation  from  such  military  school, 
college,  or  educational  institution. 

Applications  for  examination,  accompanied  by  recommenda- 
tions and  other  documents  of  a  commendatory  character  as  above  in- 
dicated, should  be  made  to  the  adjutant  general  of  the  State,  Terri- 
tory, or  District  of  Columbia,  according  to  the  legal  residence  of  the 
applicant,  in  the  month  of  May  or  November,  to  the  end  that  the 
governor  of  the  State  or  Territory,  or  the  commanding  general  of 
the  National  Guard  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  may  forward  the 


United  States  Military  Service.  129 

accumulated  applications,  with  his  recommendations  in  each  case 
indorsed  thereon,  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army  about  Jan- 
uary ist  and  July  ist  of  each  year:  Provided,  That  persons  who 
have  served  in  the  Regular  Army  or  Navy  of  the  United  States,  or 
in  the  United  States  Volunteers,  shall  be  authorized  to  send  their 
applications  and  the  papers  therewith  direct  to  the  Adjutant  Gen- 
eral of  the  Army. 

ORGANIZATION  OF  EXAMINING  BOARDS. 

The  organization  of  the  boards  shall  conform  to  that  of  re- 
tiring boards,  the  recorder  swearing  the  several  members,  including 
the  medical  officers,  faithfully  and  impartially  to  examine  and  re- 
port upon  the  applicant  about  to  be  examined,  and  the  president 
of  the  board  then  swearing  the  recorder  to  the  faithful  performance 
of  his  duty.     Separate  proceedings  shall  be  made  for  each  case. 

Medical  officers  shall  not  take  part  in  the  professional  examina- 
tion except  on  boards  composed  exclusively  of  medical  officers. 
They  shall  make  the  necessary  physical  examination  of  all  appli- 
cants and  shall  submit  to  the  president  of  the  board  their  opinions 
in  writing.  All  questions  relating  to  the  physical  condition  of 
applicants  shall  be  determined  by  the  full  board. 

All  public  proceedings  shall  be  in  the  presence  of  the  applicant 
under  examination;  the  conclusions  reached  and  the  recommend- 
ations entered  will  be  regarded  as  confidential. 

THE  EXAMINATION. 

Every  applicant  will  be  subjected  to  a  rigid  physical  examina- 
tion, which  shall  include  the  ordinary  analysis  of  the  urine,  and  if 
there  be  found  to  exist  any  cause  of  disqualification  which  might 
in  the  future  impair  his  efficiency  as  an  officer  of  Volunteers,  he  will 
be  rejected.     Defects  of  vision  resulting  from  errors  of  refraction 


l3d  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

which  are  not  excessive,  and  which  may  be  entirely  corrected  by 
glasses,  do  not  disqualify  unless  they  are  due  to  or  are  accompanied 
by  organic  disease.  The  board  will  be  required  to  report  concerning 
each  applicant  whether  he  is  of  good  moral  character  and  not  ad- 
dicted to  the  use  of  intoxicating  liquors  or  drugs.  Examination 
as  to  physical  qualifications  will  conform  to  the  standard  required 
of  recruits  for  the  United  States  Army,  and  will  include  a  certificate, 
to  accompany  the  proceedings  of  the  board,  of  physical  examina- 
tion by  two  medical  officers,  which  certificate  will  embrace  all  the 
information  required  in  the  form  for  the  examination  of  recruits. 
Before  proceeding  with  the  physical  examination,  the  applicant 
about  to  be  examined  shall  be  required  to  submit,  for  the  informa- 
tion of  the  board,  a  certificate  as  to  his  physical  condition.  In  case 
no  cause  for  disqualification  exists,  the  certificate  shall  take  the 
following  form: 

"I  certify  that,  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief,  I  am 
not  affected  with  any  form  of  disease  or  disability  which  would  in- 
terfere with  the  performance  of  the  duties  under  the  commission 
for  which  I  am  undergoing  examination. '^ 

When  the  board  finds  an  applicant  physically  incapacitated  for 
service,  it  shall  conclude  the  examination  by  finding  and  reporting 
the  cause  which,  in  its  judgment,  has  produced  the  disability. 

Whenever,  for  any  cause,  the  board  finds  an  applicant  dis- 
qualified for  commission,  the  record  shall  contain  a  full  statement 
of  the  case. 

When  the  board  finds  an  applicant  qualified  for  commission, 
the  fact  shall  be  stated  in  the  following  form : 

"The  board  is  of  the  opinion  that ..- has  the  physi- 
cal, moral,  and  professional  qualifications  to  perform  efficiently  all 

the  duties  of  * ,  and  recommends  that  he  be  commissioned  as 

such  in  the  Volunteers." 


♦Here  insert  the  grade  and  arm  of  the  Service,  or  staff  corps,  or  depart- 
ment, for  a  commission  in  which  the  applicant  is  recommended. 


TJ7iited  States  Military  Service.  131 

Examinations  in  all  subjects  shall  be  oral  or  practical,  or  both, 
with  the  exceptions  hereinafter  mentioned. 

If,  at  the  conclusion  of  the  oral  examination  in  any  subject,  the 
board  arrives  at  the  definite  opinion  that  the  answers  do  not  indicate 
a  degree  of  proficiency  up  to  the  required  standard,  the  applicant 
shall,  as  soon  as  practicable,  be  informed  of  the  decision  of  the 
board  and  of  his  privilege  to  undergo  a  written  examination  in  that 
subject;  and  in  case  the  applicant  then  signifies  his  desire  to  be 
examined  in  writing,  the  board  shall  prepare  a  set  of  questions  and 
proceed  with  a  written  examination  of  the  applicant  in  that  subject 
in  the  manner  hereinafter  specified. 

The  examinations  shall  be  sufficiently  comprehensive  in  scope 
to  test  properly  the  applicant's  knowledge  of  the  whole  subject; 
in  case  of  written  examinations,  the  questions  and  answers  shall  be 
attached  to  the  proceedings. 

The  examination  shall  he  especially  directed  to  ascertain  the  prac- 
tical capacity  of  the  applicant,  and  the  record  of  previous  service  of  the 
applicant  shall  he  considered  as  a  part  of  the  examination. 

During  oral  and  practical  examinations  all  the  members  ex- 
cepting the  medical  officers  shall  be  present. 

Written  examinations  may  be  conducted  in  the  presence  of  one 
member  of  the  board,  for  which  purpos'e  the  board  may  be  divided 
into  committees,  before  whom  the  examination  shall  be  conducted 
from  day  to  day  until  completed;  after  which  the  board  shall  re- 
assemble to  consider  its  finding. 

Papers  should  be  given  out  so  that  everything  in  the  hands  of 
the  applicant  may  be  answered  before  a  recess  or  adjournment,  A 
statement  showing  that  such  was  the  procedure  during  the  written 
examinations  shall  be  embodied  in  the  record.  In  the  oral  and 
practical  examinations,  the  examining  board  shall  give  a  numerical 
value  to  each  head  under  which  questions  are  asked  or  exercises 
given.     In  written  examinations  the  board  shall  give  a  numerical 


132  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

weight  (to  be  previously  entered  on  the  margin)  to  each  question, 
and  in  like  manner  shall  subsequently  enter  the  estimated  weight 
of  each  answer.  In  all  cases,  for  convenience  in  calculating  per- 
centages, the  weights  of  the  questions  must  be  such  as  to  aggregate 
100  or  some  simple  multiple  thereof  in  each  oral,  written,  or  prac- 
tical examination  in  each  subject. 

Boards  are  authorized  to  ask  any  questions  selected  from 
the  publications  recommended  for  study.  Where  blackboard  or 
other  illustrations  will  facilitate  the  examinations,  their  use  is 
authorized.  Examinations  will  be  conducted  in  a  sufficiently  ex- 
haustive manner  to  determine  not  only  that  the  subject  is  thoroughly 
comprehended,  but  also  to  determine  the  degree  of  proficiency  of 
the  applicant  being  examined,  and  until  the  board  is  positively 
satisfied  as  to  his  ability  to  impart  instruction  in  the  various  subjects. 

In  case  of  unpropitious  weather,  practical  examinations  will 
be  postponed  from  day  to  day,  but  never  omitted  or  materially 
curtailed. 

In  case  of  failure  in  the  practical  examination  in  any  subject, 
the  board  will  at  once  proceed  with  a  second  practical  examination  of 
sufficient  scope  to  test  properly  the  applicant's  efficiency.  If  suc- 
cessful upon  this  second  examination,  the  record  shall  show  that  he 
had  two  practical  examinations.  In  case  of  failure,  an  outline  of 
the  exercises  given  and  the  percentages  attained  in  both  practical 
examinations  will  be  attached  to  the  record. 

Commanding  officers  of  posts  at  or  in  the  vicinity  of  which 
boards  may  be  appointed  to  meet  shall,  without  further  instructions, 
furnish,  upon  request,  such  available  troops  and  material  as  may 
be  required  by  boards  in  the  execution  of  this  order. 

At  the  conclusion  of  a  written  examination,  the  applicant 
shall  be  called  upon  to  sign  and  submit  a  certificate  in  his  own 
handwriting  to  the  effect  that  he  has  not  received  assistance  frcm 
any  unauthorized  sources. 


•    United  States  Military  Service,  133 

The  board  shall  report  in  each  subject  the  percentage  at- 
tained in  all  the  examinations,  whether  oral,  written,  or  practical, 
and  will  also  report  the  general  average  of  all  the  subjects.  The 
procedure  will  be  as  follows:  In  each  subject,  mark  each  question 
on  the  basis  of  its  weight.  Add  up  the  marks  and  reduce  the  total 
to  a  basis  of  100.  Then,  to  determine  the  general  average,  assign 
to  each  subject  the  relative  weight  stated  below: 

Grammar,  etc 3 

Arithmetic 3 

Geography 2 

History 2 

Administration  1 3 

Drill  Regulations 4 

Small- Arms  Firing  Regulaticns i 

Field  Service  Regulations . 2 

Manual  of  Guard  Duty 3 

Revised  Statutes,  etc 3 

Military  law 3 

International  law 3 

Hippology - .2 

Topography : . .1 

Explosives —2 

Electricity  (for  Coast  Artillery) '....._ 4 

Mechanical  and  electrical  engineering 3 

Field  fortifications,  mines,  demolitions,  and  explosives : 3 

Military  bridges . , 2 

Practical  electricity  (for  engineer  officers) 2 

Surveying :....;.  2 

Field  artillery  material : 3 

Reconnaissance .. . 3 

Roads -  - : 2 

Railroads , 2 

Animal  transportation 2 

Practice  of  medicine 4 

Surgery, . 4 

Military  sanitation. _ 4 

Construction,  including  foundations,  building  materials,  and  plant.... 2 
Duties  of  engineer  officers  and  troops  in  war..*.>iv.^...^4-,.i«.,........"-.. 3 


134 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 


Duties  of  ordnance  officers „ 3 

Mechanics  of  engineering 2 

Transportation  (Quartermaster's  Department) 2 

Office  administration  (Subsistence  Department) 2 

Bookkeeping  (Pay  Department) i 

Signaling  2 

Telegraphy  and  telephony 3 

Construction  and  installation,  engines,  etc.   (for  field  officers  of 

Signal  Corps) ....2 

Minor  tactics .2 

Practical  efficiency 6 

No  weights  will  be  assigned  to  moral  character  or  physical  con- 
dition; they  will  be  reported  simply  as  "satisfactory"  or  "un- 
satisfactory.'' 

Multiply  the  percentage  in  each  subject  by  the  relative  weight 
as  above  given;  then  divide  the  sum  of  the  products  by  the  sum 
of  the  weights.  This  will  give  the  general  average.  The  method 
is  elucidated  in  the  following : 

Example. 


No. 

Subjects. 

Percent- 
ages. 

80 

77 
76 
81 

70 
72 

71 
68 
83 
90 
75 

Relative 
Weights. 

3 
3 
2 
2 

3 
4 
2 
1 
3 
3 
1 

27 

Products. 

1 
2 

ELEMENTARY  EXAMINATION. 

Grammar,  etc 

Arithmetic 

240 
231 

3 

Geography 

152 

4 

5 

6 

7 
8 
9 

History 

PROFESSIONAL  EXAMINATION. 

Administration 

Drill  Regulations 

Field  Service  Regulations 

Small-Arms  Firing  Regulations.  . 
Manual  of  Guard  Duty 

162 

210 
288 
142 
68 
249 

10 

Military  law 

270 

11 

Topography 

General  average 

75 

2,087 

77.32 

United  States  Military  Service.  135 

No  applicant  shall  be  passed  who  fails  to  receive  a  general  av- 
erage of  70  per  cent  or  more,  or  who  receives  less  than  65  per  cent  in 
any  subject,  be  the  examination  oral,  written,  or  practical. 

The  numerous  questions  which  may  be  formulated  by  the  board 
admit  of  considerable  variation,  and  make  it  possible  to  arrange 
examinations  radically  different  as  regards  particular  questions, 
but  essentially  the  same  in  respect  to  scope  and  character.  It  is 
desirable  that  the  questions  be  selected  indiscriminately  in  each 
case,  to  the  end  that  each  applicant  undergoing  examination  may 
have  a  different  arrangement  of  questions,  even  when  simultaneous 
examinations  of  a  similar  character  are  being  conducted. 

Such  of  the  following  publications  as  are  applicable  are  recom- 
mended for  study  by  persons  preparing  for  examination: 

Army  Regulations. 

Drill  Regulations. 

Small- Arms  Firing  Regulations. 

Manual  of  Guard  Duty. 

Manual  for  Courts- Martial. 

Field  Service  Regulations. 

Artillery  Circulars. 

General  Orders  and  Circulars. 

Manuals  of  the  StatT  Departments. 

Horses,  Saddles,  and  Bridles.     Carter. 

Professional  Papers  No.  29,  Corps  of  Engineers,  Engineer 

Field  Manual.     Leach. 
Organization  and  Tactics.     Wagner. 
A  Treatise  on  the   Military  Law   of  the   United   States. 

Davis. 
General  Orders,  No.  100,  Adjutant  General's  Office,  1S63. 
Circular,  No.  65,  War  Department,  1907. 
Topographical  Surveying  and  Sketching.     Rees. 
Instruction  pamphlets  issued  by  the  Ordnance  Department 

bearing  on  coast  artillery  material. 
Ordnance  and  Gunnery.     Lissak. 
Artillery  Notes. 
Military  Explosives.     Weaver. 
Manual  of  Field  Engineering;     Beach. 


136  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Elements  of  Electrical  Engineering  (D.  C).     Franklin  and 

Estey. 
Internal  Combustion  Engines.     Carpenter  and  Deidrichs. 
Power  and  Power-Transmission.     Kerr. 
Armor  and  Ships.     Journal  United  States  Artillery. 
Theory  and  Practice  of  Surveying.     Johnson. 
The  Storage  Battery.     Tread  well. 
Lessons  in  Practical  Electricty.     Swoope. 
United  States  Signal  Corps  publications. 
United  States  Torpedo  Manual. 
Article  on  Coast   Defense.     Journal  of  the   United  States 

Artillery,  November  and  December,  1904. 
International  Law.     Davis. 
General  Orders,  Nos.  4  and  52,  Adjutant  General's  Office, 

1902. 
The  Service  of  Security  and  Information.     Wagner. 
Instruction  pamphlets  issued  by  the  Ordnance  Department 

bearing  on  field  artillery  material. 
Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States  and  Acts  of  Congress. 

An  applicant  presenting  a  diploma  from  any  of  the  military 
schools  of  the  United  States  Army  or  from  the  United  States  Naval 
Academy  shall  be  excused,  if  he  so  desire,  from  examination  in  the 
subjects  covered  by  said  diploma,  his  mark  in  said  subjects  being 
rated  at  75  per  cent  of  the  maximum. 

All  applicants,  except  for  positions  as  company  officers  of 
infantry  or  coast  artillery,  will  be  required  to  undergo  a  practical 
and  oral  examination  in  equitation  and  in  equipment  of  saddle- 
horses,  the  scope  of  which  will  be  sufficient  to  decide  upon  their 
ability  to  accompany  a  mounted  command  on  ordinary  marches, 
to  perform  the  duties  of  mounted  staff  officers,  to  carry  dispatches 
in  the  field,  and  to  saddle,  unsaddle,  and  care  for  a  horse  in  emer- 
gencies. This  examination  will  ordinarily  be  held  in  connection 
with  the  practical  examination  in  drill  regulations. 

The  board,  being  satisfied  as  to  the  moral  and  physical  quali- 
fications of  the  applicant,  will  proceed  with  the  mental  examination, 
which  will  consist  of  two  parts,  (i)  the  elementary  examination, 


United  States  Military  Service,  137 

and  (2)  the  professional  examination.  In  the  elementary  examina- 
tion the  board  will  examine  the  applicant — 

1 .  In  his  knowledge  of  English  grammar  and  his  ability  to 

read,  write,  and  spell  with  facility  and  correctness. 

2.  In  his  knowledge  of  arithmetic  and  his  ability  to  apply 

its  rules  to  practical  questions. 

3.  In  his  knowledge  of  geography,  particularly  in  reference 

to  North  America. 

4.  In  his  knowledge  of  the  history  of  the  United  States. 
This  elementary  examination  may  he  waived  by  the  board  in  case 

the  applicant  produces  a  diploma  or  certificate  of  graduation  from 
some  educational  institution  of  good  repute,  or  when  the  board  is 
satisfied  from  the  record  of  the  applicant  or  other  circumstances  that 
he  has  been  sufficiently  educated  in  the  subjects  mentioned;  these 
modifications  in  regard  to  the  elementary  examination  are  of  special 
importance  in  the  cases  of  applicants  over  forty  years  of  age. 

When  the  applicant  desires  that  the  elementary  examination  be 
waived,  and  the  board  after  deliberation  decides  to  omit  it,  the 
mark  assigned  to  each  of  the  four  subjects  thereof  shall  be  70  per 
cent  of  the  maximum. 

In  the  professional  examination  the  subjects  will  vary  with 
the  nature  of  the  position  sought  by  the  applicant,  as  follows: 

INFANTRY. 

FOR  CAPTAINS,  FIRST  LIEUTENANTS,  AND  SECOND  LIEUTENANTS.     * 

Administration  (oral). — Army  Regulations  and  important  gen- 
eral orders,  in  the  discretion  of  the  board,  special  attention  being 
paid  to  Articles  I.-XXIII.,  inclusive;  XXIX.-XXXIII.,  inclusive; 
and  Articles  XL.,  XLI.,  LIV.,  LVI.,  and  LXI. 

Drill  Regulations  (practical). — School  of  the  Soldier;  School  of 
the  Squad ;  and  School  of  the  Company. 

Field  Service  Regulations  {oral) . — Service  of  Information ;  Serv- 
ice of  Security;  marches;  shelter. 


138  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  Ihe 

Small-Arms  Firing  Regulations  (oral). — ^Theoretical  principles; 
estimating  distances. 

Manual  of  Guard  Duty  (oral). — Entire  book. 

Military  Law  {oral). — Manual  of  Courts-Martial  (official.) 

Topography  (practical). — Making  of  a  topographical  map;  map- 
reading. 

FOR  FIBLD   OFFICERS. 

The  examination  of  applicants  for  positions  as  field  officers  of 
infantry  will  be  the  same  as  that  prescribed  for  company  officers, 
adding  thereto: 

Drill  Regulations  (practical  and  oral). — School  of  the  Battalion; 
evolutions  of  the  regiment;  and  ceremonies. 

Field  Service  Regulations  (oral).- — Entire  text. 

Military  Law  (oral). — ^The  law  of  war;  civil  functions  and  rela- 
tions of  the  military;  instructions  for  the  government  of  armies 
of  the  United  States  in  the  field  (General  Orders,  No.  100,  A.  G.  O., 
1863;  General  Orders,  Nos.  4  and  52,  A.  G.  O.,  1902,  and  Circular 
No.  65,  W.  D.,  1907. 

CAVALRY. 

FOR  CAPTAINS,  FIRST  LlKUT^NANTS,  AND  SECOND  LIEUTENANTS. 

Administration  (oral). — Same  as  for  infantry. 

Drill  Regulations  (practical). — School  of  the  Soldier,  School  of 
of  the  Trooper;  the  troop. 

Field  Service  Regulations,  Small- Arms  Firing  Regulations,  Man- 
ual of  Guard  Duty,  Military  Law,  and  Topography. — Same  as  for 
infantry. 

Hippology  (oral) .- — The  cavalry  horse :  nomenclature ;  conforma- 
tion; examination  for  soundness;  age  of  horses;  endurance  of  horses. 
Bits,  bitting,  and  training;  saddles;  seats;  transportation  of  horses; 
the  horse's  foot;  stable  management;  forage. 


Untied  States  Military  Service.  1-39 

i^oR  F1E1.D  office:rs. 

The  examination  will  be  the  same  as  for  troop  officers,  adding 
thereto: 

Drill  Regulations  (practical  and  oral). — The  squadron,  including 
extended  order;  the  regiment,  including  extended  order;  employ- 
ment of  cavalry. 

Field  Service  Regulations  and  Military  Law  (oral).— Same  as  for 
field  officers  of  infantry. 

FIELD  ARTILLERY. 

FOR  CAPTAINS,   FIRST  I^I^UT^NANTS,   AND  SEJCOND  LIKUTE^NANTS. 

Administration  (oral). — Same  as  for  infantry. 

Field  Artillery  Drill  Regulations  (practical  and  oral). — The 
soldier,  dismounted;  the  battery,  dismounted;  the  cannoneer;  tie 
gun  squad;  the  firing  battery;  preparation  and  conduct  of  fire;  the 
soldier,  mounted;  the  gun  squad,  mounted;  the  driver;  the  bat- 
tery, mounted ;  service  of  information  and  communication ;  recon- 
naissance and  selection  of  positions. 

Field  Service  Regulations,  Small- Arms  Firing  Regulations,  Man- 
ual of  Guard  Duty,  Military  Law,  and  Topography. — Same  as  for 
infantry. 

Hippology  (oral). — The  cavalry  horse:  nomenclature;  conform- 
ation; examination  for  soundness;  age  of  horses;  endurance  cf 
horses.  Bits,  bitting,  and  training;  saddles;  seats;  transportation 
of  horses;  the  horse's  foot;  stable  management;  forage. 

Field  Artillery  Material  (oral  and  practical). — General  descrip- 
tion and  knowledge  of  the  use  of  field  artillery  material  and 
accessories. 

FOR  FlEIvD  OFFICERS. 

The  examination  will  be  the  same  as  for  battery  officers,  adding 
thereto: 

Field  Service  Regulations  and  Military  Law  (oral). — Same  as  for 
field  officers  of  infantry. 


140  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Field  Artillery  Drill  Regulations  (oral  and  -practical). — Entire 
text. 

COAST  ARTILLERY  CORPS. 

FOR  FIRST  UEJUTENANTS  AND  SECOND  IvlEUTENANTS. 

1.  Administration  (oral). — Same  as  for  infantry. 

2.  Drill  Regulations  (oral  and  practical) :  • 

(a)  Coast  Artillery  Drill  Regulations  so  far  as  relates  to 
the  formation  of  the  company  and  marching  ma- 
neuvers and  the  drill  for  one  piece,  to  be  selected 
by  the  candidate;  the  current  instruction  order  for 
the  Coast  Artillery  Corps. 

(6)  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  to  include  the  School  of 
the  Company. 

3.  Field  Service  Regulations,  Manual  of  Guard  Duty,  Military 
Law,  and  Topography. — Same  as  for  infantry. 

4.  Explosives  (oral),  including  primers  and  fuses. 

5.  Electricity  (oral),  to  include  theoretical  electricty,  basis  of 
electrical  measurements,  including  units;  Ohm^s  law,  including 
its  application  to  shunts;  electro-magnetism  and  induced  currents; 
methods  of  measurement  of  voltage;  current,  electrical  energy  and 
resistance,  of  apparatus  therefor;  primary  cells;  general  principles 
of  storage  batteries,  generators,  and  motors. 

CAPTAINS. 

The  subjects  for  captains  are  the  same  as  for  lieutenants  and 
in  addition  thereto : 

1 .  Elementary  Mechanical  and  Electrical  Engineering  (oral  and 
practical),  to  include  elementary  and  applied  mechanics;  care  and 
operation  of  steam  boilers,  steam  engines,  and  internal  combustion 
engines;  theory,  care,  and  operation  of  dynamos,  motors,  storage 
batteries,  telephones,  and  searchlights. 

2.  Coast  Artillery  Drill  Regulations  (oral  and  practical). — Fire 
and  mine  command. 

3.  Ceremonies  of  Infantry  Drill  Regulations. 


tlnUed  States  Military  Service.  14 1 

FlEIvD  OFFICERS. 

For  Field  Officers,  Coast  Artillery  Corps,  the  subjects  are  the 
Same  as  for  captains,  and  in  addition  thereto: 

1.  Coast  Artillery  Drill  Regulations  (oral  and  practical). — 
Entire  text. 

2.  Infantry  Drill  Regulations  (oral  and  practical). — School  of 
the  Battalion. 

3.  Military  Law  and  Field  Service  Regulations. — Same  as  for 
field  officers  of  infantry. 

ENGINEERS. 

Applicants  for  positions  as  volunteer  engineer  officers  must 
produce  a  diploma  from  a  reputable  technical  institution  in  which 
engineering  and  surveying  formed  part  of  the  course  of  the  graduate . 
The  examination  will  be  in  the  discretion  of  the  board.  Much 
importance  will  be  attached  to  the  professional  experience  of  the 
applicant,  especially  in  the  grades  above  first  lieutenant. 

FOR  CAPTAINS,  FIRST  UEUTENANTS,  AND  SECOND  UEUTENANTS. 

Administration,  Drill  Regulations,  Field  Service  Regulations, 
Small- Arms  Firing  Regulations,  Manual  of  Guard  Duty,  Military 
Law. — Same  as  for  company  officers  of  infantry. 

They  will  also  be  required  to  undergo  an  oral  examination 
sufficient  to  indicate  good  elementary  knowledge  of  the  following 
subjects : 

1 .  Reconnaissance . 

2.  Military  bridges. 

3.  Roads. 

4.  Railroads. 

5.  Field  fortifications,  including  mines,  demolitions,  and 

explosives. 

6.  Animal  transportation. 


142  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

7.  Practical  electricity. 

8.  Surveying. 

9.  Construction,  including  foundations,  building  materials, 

and  plant. 
Subjects  I  to  6,  inclusive,  are  covered  in  Engineer  Field  Man- 
ual (Iveach),  being  Professional  Papers  No.  29,  Corps  of  Engineers. 

FOR  FIICI/D  OFFICERS. 

Same  as  for  field  officers  of  infantry,  adding  thereto  the  pro- 
fessional examination  above  stated  for  company  officers  of  en- 
gineers. The  applicant  will  also  be  examined  orally  in  the  following 
subjects: 

1 .  Duties  of  engineer  officers  and  troops  in  war. 

2.  Mechanics  of  engineering. 

SIGNAL  CORPS. 

FOR   CAPTAIN^   AND   UEUTKNANTS. 

Administration  (oral). — Army  Regulations:  Same  as  for  com- 
pany officers  of  infantry.  Also  regulations  pertaining  specially  to 
the  Signal  Corps;    laws  relating  to  Signal  Corps. 

Signaling  (oral  and  practical). — Theoretical  and  practical 
knowledge  of  modern  methods  of  visual  signaling,  including  ability 
to  transmit  and  receive  messages  by  flag,  lantern,  and  heliograph. 

Telegraphy  and  Telephony  (oral  and  practical). — ^Theoretical  and 
applied  knowledge  of  electricty  and  telephony,  covering  (a)  in- 
stallation and  repair  of  telephones,  testing  for  faults,  etc. ;  {h)  con- 
struction, maintenance,  and  operation  of  permanent  telegraph  and 
telephone  lines;  (c)  installation,  maintenance,  and  operation  of 
field  lines;  {d)  skill  in  transmission  and  receipt  of  messages  on  tel- 
egraph lines;  {e)  dynamos,  motors,  and  batteries  (oral  and  practical). 

Military  Law   (oral). — Manual   of   Courts Martial    (official). 

Instructions  for  the  government  of  armies  of  the  United  States  in 
the  field  (General  Orders,  Nos.  100  of  1863,  4  and  52  of  1902,  A.  G. 
O.,  and  Cir.,  No.  65,  W.  D.,  1907.) 

Topography  (practical). — Map-reading  and  field-sketching. 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the  143, 

FOR  FIELD  OFFICERS. 

The  examination  will  be  the  same  as  the  foregoing,  adding 
thereto: 

Scheme  as  to  material,  cost,  time,  etc.,  and  method  of  construct- 
ing a  permanent  telegraph  line  in  such  portion  of  the  United  States 
as  may  be  designated;  scheme  for  assembling,  organizing,  and  trans- 
porting a  mobile  telegraph  train  for  building  light  semi- permanent 
lines  for  telegraph  or  telephone  communication  under  conditions  to 
be  designated  by  the  examining  board. 

Engines,  boilers,  internal  combustion  engines,  automobile 
traction. 

ADJUTANT  GENERAUS  DEPARTMENT. 

FOR  CAPTAINS. 

Administration  (oral). — Army  Regulations,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  board,  special  importance  being  attached  to  the  portion  relating 
to  the  usual  duties  of  officers  of  the  Adjutant  General's  Department, 
including  the  subjects  of  "Orders,"  "Military  Correspondence," 
"Muster  Rolls,"  "Returns  of  Troops,"  "Records  and  Reports." 

Drill  Regulations  (oral). — General  notions  as  to  organization, 
armament,  equipment,  and  evolutions  of  the  three  arms,  especially 
of  ceremonies  and  functions  in  which  troops  of  various  arms  may 
be  combined. 

Manual  of  Guard  Duty  (oral). — Entire  text. 

Military  Law  (oral). — Manual  of  Courts-Martial  (official).  In- 
structions for  the  government  of  armies  of  the  United  States  in  the 
field  (General  Orders,  Nos.  100  of  1863,  4  and  52  of  1902,  A.  G.  O., 
and  Cir.,  No,  65,  W.  D.,  1907). 

Topography  (practical) . -g— Making  of  a  topographical  map; 
map-reading. 

FOR  FIELD  OFFICERS. 

The  examination  will  be  the  same  as  for  captains,  adding 
thereto: 

Field  Service  Regulations  (oral). — Entire  text. 


144  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Minor  Tactics  (oral). — Characteristics  of  the  three  arms;  the 
three  arms  in  attack  and  defense ;  the  three  arms  combined ;  convoys. 

INSPECTOR  GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 

FOR  ALL  OFFICERS. 

Administration  (oral). — Army  Regulations,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  board,  special  attention  being  devoted  to  the  articles,  "Inspect- 
or General's  Department,''  "Money  Accountability,"  and  "Public 
Property." 

Drill  Regulations  of  the  Three  Arms  (oral). — Same  as  for  com- 
pany, troop,  battery,  and  field  officers. 

Manual  of  Gu^rd  Duty  (oral). — Entire  text. 

Field  Service  Regulations  (oral). — Entire  text. 

Military  Law  (oral). — Manual  of  Courts- Martial  (official).  In- 
structions for  the  government  of  armies  of  the  United  States  in  the 
field  (General  Orders,  Nos.  loo  of  1863,  4  ^-nd  52  of  1902,  A.  G.  O., 
and  Cir.,  No.  65,  W.  D.,  1907.) 

QUARTERMASTER'S  DEPARTMENT. 

FOR  ALL  OFFICERS. 

Administration  (oral  and  practical). — Army  Regulations:  Ar 
tide  Iv.,  advertising  and  printing;  Article  LI.,  purchase  of  supplies 
and  engagement  of  services;  Article  LIT,  bonds  of  disbursing  offi- 
cers, bidders,  and  contractors;  Article  LIU.,  money  accountability; 
Article  LIV.,  public  property  accountability  and  responsibility; 
Article  LV.,  lands,  buildings,  and  improvements;  Article  LVI.,  sur- 
veys on  property;  Article  LVII.,  civilian  employees,  general  provi- 
sions; Article  LXXIV.,  Quartermastef's  Department,  office  admni- 
istration.  Quartermaster's  Manual,  1904;  U.  S.  Army  Transport 
Service  Regulations,  1908;  and  Circulars  of  the  Quartermaster 
General's  Office  relating  to  supplies  and  services. 

(Blanks  should  be  furnished  and  the  applicant  required  to  ex- 
emplify their  use  in  the  preparation  of  contracts,  bonds,  returns, 
accounts  current,  etc.) 


United  States  Military  Service.  145 

Military  Law  (oral). — Manual  of  Courts-Martial  (official).  The 
law  of  war;  civil  functions  and  relations  of  the  military;  instruc- 
tions for  the  government  of  armies  of  the  United  States  in  the  field 
(General  Orders,  Nos.  100  of  1863,  4  and  52  of  1902,  A.  G.  O.,  and 
Cir.,  No.  65,  W.  D.,  1907). 

Hippology  (oral) . — ^The  cavalry  horse :  draft  horses  and  mules ; 
inspection  and  purchase;  care  of;  feeding,  watering.  Stables: 
construction;  lighting;  ventilation.  Forage:  kinds  and  relative 
value ;  inspection  of ;  causes  of  deterioration ;  proper  care  of. 

Transportation  (oral). — By  land  (rail,  wagon,  and  pack)  and 
water;  care  of  animals  on  cars  and  transports;  construction  and 
repairs  of  roads,  railroads,  bridges,  etc. 

SUBSISTENCE  DEPARTMENT. 

FOR  ALL  OFFICERS. 

Administration  (oral). — Army  Regulations:  Articles  on  mili- 
tary discipline ;  rank  and  precedence ;  command ;  appointment  and 
promotion  of  commissioned  officers;  transfer  or  exchange  of  officers; 
leaves  of  absence  of  officers;  sick  leaves;  officers  traveling  on  duty; 
working  parties;  extra  and  special  duty  men;  interior  economy  of 
companies ;  messing  and  cooking ;  bakery  fund ;  company  and  mess 
fund;  post  bakeries;  post  gardens;  honors  and  courtesies;  adver- 
tising and  printing;  purchase  of  supplies  and  engagement  of  serv- 
ices; bonds  of  disbursing  officers,  bidders,  and  contractors;  money 
accountability;  property  accountability  and  responsibility;  survey 
on  property;  civilian  employees ;  staff  administration;  military  cor- 
respondence; the  Subsistence  Department;  Manual  foi  the  Sub- 
sistence Department. 

Ojfice  Administration  (oral). — Blanks  should  be  furnished  and 
the  applicant  be  required  .to  exemplify  their  use  in  the  preparation 
of  returns,  accounts  current,  etc. 

Military  Law  (oral). — Manual  of  Courts-Martial  (official).  In- 
structions for  the  government  of  armies  of  the  United  States  in  the 
field  (General  Orders,  Nos.  100  of  1863,  4  and  52  of  1902,  A.  G.  O., 
and  Cir.,  No.  65,  W,  D.,  1907). 


146  Aspnants  for  Commissions^  in  the 

ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT. 

FOR  CAPTAINS  AND  FIRST  UlSUT^NANTS. 

Administration  (oral). — ^Army  Regulations  and  important  gen- 
eral orders,  in  the  discretion  of  the  board,  special  attention  being 
devoted  to  Articles  I.-V.,  IX.-XIII.,  and  XXIX-XXXII.,  all  in- 
clusive, and  Articles  XL.,  XLI.,  LI.-LVIL,  LXI.,  LXII.,  LXXIX; 
also  Ordnance  Regulations,  1907. 

Small- Arms  Firing  Regulations  (oral). — ^Theoretical  principles. 
Military  Law  (oral)  .—Same  as  for  company  officers  of  infantry. 
Duties  of  Ordnance  Officers  (oral) : 

{a)  At  headquarters  of  brigades,  divisions,  departments,  or 
districts;  practical  duties  of  ordnance  officers  in  the 
field,  including  minor  repairs  of  arms  and  implements. 

(6)  Knowledge  of  boilers,  engines,  tools,  including  practical 
handling  of  tools. 

(c)     Practical  electricity  and  electrical  machines. 

{d)  Practical  knowledge  of  the  arms  and  equipments  of  the 
•infantry,  cavalry,  and  field  artillery. 

{e)  Experience  in  the  manufacture  of  articles  composed  of 
steel,  of  wood,  of  leather. 

FOR  FIBI^D  OFFICERS. 

The  examination  will  be  the  same  as  the  foregoing,  but  the 
board  will,  in  addition,  inquire  into  the  business  capacity  of  the 
applicant,  his  experience  with  mechanics  and  machinists,  and  his 
ability  in  the  management  of  manufacturing  establishments. 

MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT. 

[Examinations  will  be  conducted  under  special  instructions  from 

the  Surgeon  General.] 

FOR  CAPTAINS  AND  FIRST  LieuTSNANTS. 

I.  Administration. — Army  Regulations,  so  far  as  they  relate 
to  the  Medical  Department  or  to  the  medical  officer  as  an  officer  of 
the  Army. 


United  States  Miliiary  Service,  147 

Manual  for  the  Medical  Department. 

(Blanks  should  be  furnished  and  the  applicants  required  to 
exemplify  their  use  in  the  preparation  of  reports  and  returns.) 

2.  Drill  Regulations  for  the  Hospital  Corps. 

3.  Practice  of  Medicine. 

4.  Surgery. 

5.  Military  Sanitation. 

6.  Military  Law. — Manual  of  Courts- Martial  (official).  In- 
structions for  the  government  of  armies  of  the  United  States  in  the 
field  (General  Orders,  Nos.  100  of  1863,  4  ^^^  52  of  1902,  A.  G,  O., 
and  Cir.,  No.  65,  W.  D.,  1907). 

FOR  FIJSLD  OFFICERS. 

1.  Administration. — Army  Regulations,  so  far  as  they  relate 
to  the  Medical  Department  or  to  the  medical  officer  as  an  officer  of 
the  Army. 

Field  Service  Regulations,  in  so  far  as  they  relate  to  the  Medical 
Department. 

Manual  for  the  Medical  Department. 

(Blanks  should  be  furnished  and  the  applicants  required  to  ex- 
emplify their  use  in  the  preparation  of  reports  and  returns.) 

2.  Practice  of  Medicine. 

3.  Surgery. 

4.  Military  Sanitation  and  Epidemiology, 

5  Military  Z^aw.— Manual  of  Courts-Martial  (official).  In- 
structions for  the  government  of  armies  of  the  United  States  in  the 
field  (General  Orders,  Nos.  100  of  1863,  4  and  52  of  1902,  A.  G.  O., 
and  Cir.,  No.  65,  War  Department,  1907). 

PAY  DEPARTMENT. 

FOR  ALIr  OFFICERS. 

Administration  (oral).— Army  Regulations,  and  Manual  of  the 
Pay  Department,  in  the  discretion  of  the  board,  social  attentio© 
being  devotedtoi 


148  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

(a)    Method  of  keeping  cash-book  and  abstract  of  payments 
book. 
Receipt  and  care  of  public  funds. 
Payments  to  officers. 
Payments  to  enhsted  men. 
Vouchers  on  which  payments  are  made. 
Allotments. 

Soldiers'  deposits  and  interest  on. 
Settlement  of  deserters'  accounts. 
Purchase  of  discharge. 
Mileage. 

Civilian  witnesses,  pay  and  travel  of. 
Final  statements,  how  transferred,  etc. 
^Commutation  of  quarters,  etc. 

(6)  The  applicant  will  be  furnished  with  a  complete  set  of 
blanks  used  in  the  Pay  Department,  and  be  required  to  make  out 
the  vouchers,  abstacts,  and  accounts  current,  illustrating  each  of  the 
above  cases. 

Bookkeeping  (oral). — A  good  knowledge  of  bookkeeping  and 
computation  of  interest;  writing  a  clear,  legible  hand  (written). 
Military  Law  (oral). — Same  as  for  company  officers  of  infantry. 

JUDGE-ADVOCATE  GENERAL'S  DEPARTMENT. 

The  applicant  shall  produce  a  diploma  from  a  regularly  estab- 
lished law  school  of  good  reputation,  and  shall  submit  evidence  that 
he  has  been  a  practicing  attorney  in  good  standing  for  a  period  of  at 
least  two  years. 

FOR  ALL  OFFICERS. 

Administration  (oral).— Army  Regulations,  in  the  discretion  of 
the  board,  special  importance  being  attached  to  Article  XLVIII. 
(employment  of  troops  in  the  enforcement  of  the  laws);  Arti- 
cle LXIX.  (Judge- Advocate  General's  Department);  Article  LXX.- 
(arrest  and  confinement);  Article  LXXL. (courts-martial);  Article 
tXXII.  (civilian  witnesses) ;  Article  LXXIII.  (employment  of  evil 
counsel — habeas  corpus).     The.  Articles  ofWar.        , 


United  States  Military  Serviee, 


149 


Military  Law  (oral). — Manual  of  Courts-Martial  (official). 
International  Law  and  the  Law  of  War  (oral) : 

1.  States  and  their  essential  attributes.    . 

2.  Perfect  and  imperfect  rights. 

3.  National  character. 

4.  The  conflict  of  international  rights.  /■ 

5.  War.  -   -■--    ^  ■-  ---    "  .;,-.;.    ■ 

6.  Neutrality ;  the  rights  and  duties  of  neutrals. 

7.  Law  of  military  occupation. 

8.  Instructions  for  the   government   of  armies  of  the 

United  States  in  the  field  (General  Orders,  No.  100, 
Adjutant  Generars  Office,  1863).  .. 

9.  The  Geneva  Convention,  1906  (Cir.,  No.  65,  Wkr  De- 

partment, 1907). 
10.     The  Hague  Conference  (General  Orders,  Nos.  4  and 
52,  Adjutant  General's  Office,  1902). 

Revised  Statutes  and  Acts  of  Congress  Relating  to  the  Organiza-. 
Hon,  etc.y  of  the  Military  Establishment  of  the  United  States  (oral). — 
In  the  discretion  of  the  board,  the  scope  of  the  examination  to  be 
sufficient  to  test  the  applicant's  knowledge  of  the  fundamental  prin- 
ciples and  more  important  details  of  the  laws  relating  to  the  Army 
of  the  United  States  and  the  Militia. 


150  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

LETTER  OF  APPLICATION  FOR  EXAMINATION  FOR  COM- 
MISSION IN  VOLUNTEER  FORCE. 

(Qnder  Section  23,  Act  of  January  21,  1903.) 

,  19      • 

rhe  Adjutant  General, , 


Sir, — I  have  the  honor  to  apply  for  examination  for  a  com- 
mission as  *  .: of  t ,   t — -»  in  any  Volunteer  force 

which  xnay  hereafter  be  called  for  and  organized  under  the  authority 
of  Congress,  other  than  a  force  composed  of  organized  Militia. 

I  have  served  _. ...years  in  || 

I  have  pursued  a  regular  course  of  instruction  for years 

inll - 

I  graduated  in  the  year from  ** ,  after  having  cred- 
itably pursued  the  course  of  military  instruction  therein  provided. 

I  was  born  ,   i ,  and  am  ft- a  citizen  of  the 

United  States. 

Respectfully,  , 


The  correctness  of  the  statements  above  made  was  sworn  to 
and  subscribed  before  me, ,  19  .  . 

n : , 


♦Insert  graJe. 

tlnsert  branch  of  Service,  as  cavalry,  field  artillery,  coast  artillery,  or 
Infantry. 

tName  staff  position,  and  in  this  case  rule  out  (*)  and  (t). 

11  Insert  service  in  Regular  Army  of  the  United  States,  or  Volunteer 
forces  of  the  United  States,  or  organized  Militia  of  any  State,  Territory,  or 
District  of  Columbia;    also  state  in  what  capacity. 

^Insert  the  name  and  location  of  the  military  school  or  college  of  the 
United  States  Army. 

**Insert  the  name  and  location  of  the  educational  institution  to  which 
an  officer  of  the  Army  or  Navy  has  been  detailed  as  superintendent  or  pro- 
fessor pursuant  to  law. 

ttlnsert  "not"  if  in  accordance  with  fact. 

j jOath  to  be  taken  before,  and  signature  to  be  made  by,  officer  author- 
ized by  law  to  administer  oaths. 

Note. — The  foregoing  is  the  form  to  be  followed  in  applying  for  exam- 
ination, and  is  to  be  addressed  to  the  adjutant  general  of  a  State  or  Territory, 
or  to  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army,  according  as  the  applicant  comes 
within  the  classes  indicated  in  the  fourth  paragraph  of  Section  III.,  and  must 
embody  all  the  information  indicated  in  the  blanks.  Blank  forms  are  not  sup- 
plied by  the  War  Department. 


CHAPTER  IX. 


A  Short  Talk  with  Newly  Appointed  Officers. 

OATH  OF  OFFICE. REPORTS. — ^UNIFORMS,  ARMS,  AND  EQUIPMENTS. 

SOCIAL  CUSTOMS.-    LIBRARY.— PERFORMANCE  OF  DUTY. — INCOME 
AND  EXPENDITURES. HABITS. 

OATH  OF  OFFICE. 

Your  appointment  will  come  from  the  Adjutant  General's  office. 
The  order  making  the  appointment  is  usually  accompanied  by  a 
blank  Oath  of  Office,  in  the  following  form: 

I,   ,   having  been  appointed  a  in  the 

military  service  of  the  United  States,  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm) 
that  I  will  support  and  defend  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
against  all  enemies,  foreign  and  domestic;  that  I  will  bear  true  faith 
and  allegiance  to  the  same ;  that  I  take  this  obligation  freely,  with- 
out any  mental  reservation  or  purpose  of  evasion;  and  that  I  will 
well  and  faithfully  discharge  the  duties  of  the  office  on  which  I  am 
about  to  enter.     So  help  me  God. 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me,  at ,  this  - 

day  of ,  19  ... 

This  oath  may  be  taken  before  some  officer  who  is  authorized 
by  the  law  of  the  United  States  or  by  the  local  municipal  law  to  ad- 
minister oaths,  or  it  may  be  taken  before  the  judge-advocate  of  a 
department,  or  of  a  court-martial,  or  before  the  trial  officer  of  a 
summary  court.  Officers  of  the  Army  other  than  those  specified 
are  not  authorized  to  administer  oaths. 

This  matter  should  be  promptly  attended  to.  As  soon  as  the 
oath  has  been  taken,  the  completed  form  will  be  mailed  to  the  Ad- 
jutant General,  Washington,  D.  C. 

151 


15^  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

REPORTS. 

Immediately  on  receipt  of  order  assigning  you  to  a  regiment 
you  should  write  a  letter  to  the  adjutant  of  the  regiment  to  which 
assigned,  to  your  company  commander,  and  should  your  station  be 
other  than  that  of  the  regimental  headquarters,  to  the  post  adjutant 
of  your  station.  There  is  no  prescribed  form  of  letter,  but  the 
following  is  a  good  form : 

Boston,  Mass.,  July  i,  1910. 
The  Adjutant,  Sixteenth  Infantry, 

Fort  Leavenworth,  Kas.  : 
Sir, — Having  been  assigned  to  the  Sixteenth  Infantry  by  Gen- 
eral Orders,  No.  131,  War  Department,  19 10,  1  have  the  honor  to 
report  myself  on  leave  of  absence  since  June  14,  1910,  per  Special 
Orders,  No.  50,  Headquarters  U.  S.  Military  Academy,  19 10.  My 
leave  will  expire  October  i,  19 10. 

My  address,  tmtil  further  notice,  will  be  Boston,  Mass.,  care 
J.  Smith  &  Son,  P.  O.  Box  163. 

Very  respectfully,  John  Q.  Smith, 

Second  Lieutenant,  Sixteenth  Infantry. 

Should  you  change  your  address,  letters  should  at  once  be  ad- 
dressed same  as  above  and  also  to  the  Adjutant  General,  giving  the 
new  address. 

Letter  to  your  company  commander  should  be  addressed  to 
"Commanding  Officer,  Company  B,  Sixteenth  Infantry,"  and  not 
to  the  officer  by  name. 

On  expiration  of  your  leave,  you  should  be  at  your  new  station 
and  report  for  duty.  Ask  the  advice  of  some  experienced  officer  as 
to  what  reports  3^ou  should  then  make,  and  in  what  form. 

UNIFORMS,  ARMS,  AND  EQUIPMENT. 

On  first  appointment,  buy  as  little  as  you  are  sure  will  answer 
immediate  needs.  In  the  matter  of  uniform  you  should  be  ex- 
tremely careful.     Buy  nothing  but  the  best.     It  will  prove  the 


United  States  Military  Service.  153 

cheapest  in  the  long  run.  You  can  get  the  best  only  from  military 
tailors  of  established  reputation.  The  quality  of  cloth  alone  does 
not  determine  whether  the  best  has  been  secured.  Uniforms  are 
much  harder  to  "fit"  than  civilian  clothes,  and  it  takes  a  military 
tailor  of  experience  to  make  the  "smart-looking"  uniform  you  want. 

If  you  haven't  the  cash  to  pay  for  your  uniforms,  you  will  find 
that  the  responsible  firms  will  extend  you  any  reasonable  time  in 
which  to  meet  the  cost.  The  cash-payment  plan  is  better,  since 
there  is  always  a  cash  discount ;  but,  in  the  absence  of  the  necessary 
money,  it  is  better  to  let  the  uniform-man  carry  you  than  to  borrow 
elsewhere  to  pay  him.  There  have  been  numerous  changes  in  the 
uniform  in  the  past  few  years.  The  matters  of  patterns  and  cloth 
have  probably  been  settled  for  some  time  to  come ;  whether  they  have 
or  not,  you  will  be  required  to  procure  what  is  necessary  in  order  to 
appear  in  the  uniforms  which  may  be  prescribed  from  time  to  time 
by  your  post  commander.  Should  your  station  be  in  the  Philip- 
pines, you  will  want  khaki  and  white  duck.  The  uniform  wardrobe 
for  domestic  service  is  much  more  elaborate,  and  before  purchasing 
it  would  be  advisable  to  get  a  copy  of  the  most  recent  uniform  order. 

Arms  and  equipment  can  be  secured  from  the  Ordnance  Depart- 
ment. You  can  get  a  price  list  of  ordnance  by  addressing  the  Chief 
of  Ordnance,  Washington,  D.  C,  or  by  writing  to  the  commandant 
of  the  nearest  ordnance  depot  or  arsenal. 

Remember  that  you  can  purchase  anything  that  you  may  want 
in  the  line  of  uniforms,  equipment,  household  furniture,  etc.,  in  the 
Philippines,  and  you  may  save  yourself  considerable  worry  and  an- 
noyance by  postponing  many  purchases  until  your  arrival '  there. 
Your  pay  will  be  going  on  in  the  meantime  and  you  may  have  more 
money  with  which  to  pay,  and  save  yourself  the  embarrassment 
of  debt. 


154  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

SOCIAL  CUSTOMS. 

Start  in  right.  Make  yourself  agreeable  without  getting 
"fresh."  Seek  the  advice  of  some  experienced  officer  as  to  the  social 
customs  of  the  regiment,  and  be  guided  by  his  advice.  While  the 
customs  throughout  the  Army  are  in  a  way  uniform,  yet  there  are 
some  differences  which  make  it  especially  advisable  for  a  new  officer 
first  joining  to  feel  his  way  and  allow  himself  to  be  directed  in  those 
matters  by  someone  he  knows  is  familiar  with  them  and  in  whom 
he  has  confidence. 

LIBRARY. 

In  addition  to  the  Army  Regulations  and  the  Service  manuals, 
supply  yourself  with  as  many  military  books  as  you  can  reasonably 
afford.  Select  books  dealing  especially  with  recent  wars  and  with 
modern  appliances,  arms,  and  equipment.  The  war  game  is  under- 
going rapid  changes.  What  was  new  ten  years  ago  is  becoming  ob- 
solete. Recent  inventions  promise  to  consign  the  methods  of  to-day 
to  an  early  disappearance.  The  successful  soldier  is  the  one  who 
keeps  up  to  date  and  abreast  of  the  most  modern  in  methods  and 
means.  A  good  list  of  military  books  can  be  secured  from  the 
Service  Association  publications  and  from  the  Franklin  Hudson  Pub- 
lishing Company,  of  Kansas  City,  the  latter  firm  making  a  specialty 
of  military  books  for  the  United  States  Service.  The  Superintend- 
ent of  Documents,  Washington,  D.  C,  on  request,  will  furnish  a  list 
of  the  publications  bearing  on  military  subjects,  published  under 
the  direction  of  the  War  Department,  and  which  are  for  sale. 

Subscribe  for  at  least  one  of  the  Service  magazines ;  all  of  them 
if  you  can  afford  it. 

PERFORMANCE  OF  DUTY. 
Never  neglect  to  perform  any  duty  assigned  you  in  exact  ac- 
cordance with  the  terms  of  the  order  and  in  the  most  thorough 
manner  possible. 


United  States  Military  Service.  155 

Strive  to  make  yourself  useful.  There  are  many  ways  in  which 
you  can  prove  your  ability  and  worth ;  and  bear  in  mind  future  as- 
signments that  are  desirable  and  possible  promotions  may  be  based 
on  the  performance  of  a  duty  that  a  careless  officer  might  think 
insignificant  and  of  doubtful  expediency. 

When  you  are  assigned  to  the  performance  of  a  duty  that  calls 
for  knowledge  which  you  do  not  possess,  proceed  to  inform  yourself 
at  once  of  all  its  details.  It  will  usually  be  possible  to  anticipate 
the  assignments  of  this  character,  and  preparation  for  them  can  be 
made  in  advance,  but  not  always  so. 

If  you  are  made  signal  officer,  proceed  to  learn  to  signal  and 
learn  it  well.  If  appointed  ordnance  officer,  inform  yourself  at  once 
as  to  all  the  details  and  the  manner  of  performing  the  duty  correctly. 
Show  your  company  commander  that  you  can  be  trusted  to  carry 
out  his  directions  in  the  precise  and  exact  manner  he  prescribes. 

Respect  the  rank  and  length  of  service  of  your  superiors. 
Just  because  Captain  Jones  calls  you  "Smith"  it  does  not  license 
you  to  call  him  "Jones."  When  off  duty  you  are  not,  of  course, 
expected  to  present  the  stiff  and  formal  attitude  toward  your  su- 
periors that  is  so  often  depicted  on  the  stage,  but  at  the  same  time 
there  should  be  a  deference  and  respect  shown  your  superiors  at  all 
times  that  would  not  fail  to  commend  your  conception  of  military 
discipline  and  the  principles  underlying  it. 

INCOME  AND  EXPENDITURES. 

A  second  lieutenant,  not  mounted,  gets  $1,700  per  year — that  is, 
$141.67  per  month;  if  mounted,  and  you  provide  yourself  with  one 
suitable  mount,  you  will  get  $150  per  year  more;  if  you  have  two 
suitable  mounts,  you  will  get  $200  per  year  more.  This  constitutes 
the  income  from  the  Government.  If  you  have  no  outside  income, 
your  expenditures  must  be  arranged  to  come  within  this  limit,  or 
else,  sooner  or  later,  you  will  come  to  grief.     In  addition  to  this  al- 


156  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

lowance,  you  get  quarters;  the  allowance  for  a  second  lieutenant 
being  two  rooms. 

Graduates  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy,  on  first  ap- 
pointment, get  mileage  from  West  Point  to  their  first  stations. 

Enlisted  men  appointed  get  mileage  from  the  place  of  their 
discharge  (as  enlisted  men)  to  their  new  stations. 

Officers  appointed  from  civil  life  must  defray  their  own  ex- 
penses to  their  first  stations. 

Mileage  allowance  is  at  the  rate  of  7  cents  per  mile  by  the 
shortest  practicable  route.  This  covers  all  expenses — railroad  fare, 
sleeper,  dining-car,  etc.,  there  being  no  other  expense  account 
allowance. 

Before  buying  a  ticket,  ascertain  from  the  Paymaster  General, 
or  the  Quartermaster  General,  U.  S.  Army,  whether  the  travel  is  all 
or  in  part  over  any  land-grant  railroads;  should  any  part  of  it  be 
land-grant,  it  usually  pays  to  get  transportation  from  the  Quarter- 
master's Department  over  that  part  of  the  road,  as  mileage  is  not 
allowed  over  land-grant  roads. 

HABITS. 

Cultivate  temperate  habits  from  the  first.  A  better  w^ay  to 
put  it  would  be,  keep  your  temperate  habits,  for  it  is  not  likely  a 
person  would  be  appointed  with  habits  needing  cultivating.  Temp- 
tations will  be  many  and  sometimes  difficult  to  withstand.  Drink- 
ing is  sure  to  lead  to  trouble  in  time,  if  immediate  difficulties  are  not 
encountered.  Possibly  as  much  as  95  per  cent  of  the  officers  dis- 
missed from  the  Service  can  lay  their  misfortune  at  the  door  of 
intemperance.  The  beginning  of  trouble  usually  presents  itself  in 
the  most  innocent  appearance  and  guise.     Look  out  for  it. 


CHAPTER  X, 


Enlisting  for  a  Commission. 

THK  disciplinary  GULF. FOOD  AND  CLOTHING. — THE  ENLISTED  MEN 

AS    A    TYPE.  THE    soldier's    ROUTINE.  THE    ARMS    OF    THE 

SERVICE. — ASSISTANCE  OF  OFFICERS. — SOME  POINTERS. 

The  young  man  contemplating  entering  the  Service  as  an  en- 
listed man  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  commission  from  the  ranks 
should  give  the  matter  very  serious  thought  before  taking  the  step. 
While  it  is  the  surest  way  of  accomplishing  this  purpose  left  open 
after  the  appointment  of  the  West  Point  class,  it  will  also  be  found 
to  have  its  drawbacks  in  more  ways  than  one. 

THE  DISCIPLINARY  GULF. 

There  is  a  wide  gulf  between  the  commissioned  officers  and  the 
enlisted  men  of  the  Service,  the  existence  of  which  is  based  on  the 
proven  rules  of  discipline;  but  to  the  average  American,  who  has 
given  no  thought  as  to  the  reasons,  it  has  the  suggestions  of  the  prev- 
alence of  caste,  or  an  aristocracy.  This  social  chasm,  or  gulf,  until 
it  is  thoroughly  understood,  is  probably  the  thing  which  will  prove 
the  most  trying  to  the  educated  man  who  enlists  in  the  Service. 
Especially  will  this  be  true  if  he  has  seen  considerable  of  social  life. 
A  little  reasoning  and  a  little  experience  will  soon  convince  him  of 
the  necessity  for  this  condition,  and  once  it  is  understood  there  should 
be  no  more  mental  worries  from  this  source. 

FOOD  AND  CLOTHING. 

In  the  matter  of  food  and  clothing,  he  will  be  amply  taken 
157 


158  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

care  of,  even  in  the  trying  times  of  active  campaigns.  Tales  of 
starvation  and  of  short  rations,  so  frequently  finding  space  in  the 
daily  press,  especially  during  campaigns,  seldom  have  any  basis  of 
fact,  and  are  what  are  known  among  the  enlisted  men  as  "hero 
stories., '^  told  most  frequently  by  those  who  have  seen  little,  if  any, 
real  fighting,  and  must  find  a  substitute  subject  for  reminiscence. 
It  is  unquestionably  true  that  there  are  times  when  an  active  army 
does  not  receive  its  full  ration,  and  it  even  may  for  a  time  experience 
privation,  but  it  is  because  of  the  exigencies  of  the  service,  and  not 
because  of  the  failure  of  the  Government  to  provide  a  sufiicient 
supply.  A  good  soldier  will  imderstand  this,  and  perform  his  duty 
uncomplainingly.  The  United  States  soldier  is  the  best  fed,  best 
clothed,  and  best  paid  soldier  in  the  world. 

THE  ENIvISTED  MEN  AS  A  TYPE. 

The  enlisted  men  represent  a  hardy  type  of  manhood.  They 
are  jovial,  ready-witted,  and  world-wise.  They  are  of  a  sociable 
disposition,  and  a  new  man  among  them  will  soon  find  the  particular 
spirits  who  are  congenial  to  him. 

The  habits  of  the  enlisted  men  of  the  Army  will  compare  very 
favorably  with  those  of  any  equally  large  body  of  men  of  any  trade 
representing  the  same  walks  of  life. 

THE  SOLDIER'S  ROUTINE.' 

No  menial  service  is  required  other  than  the  police  of  their 
own  quarters  and  grounds,  and  the  preparation  and  serving  of  meals. 
The  regulations  do  not  allow  officers  to  demand  personal  service  of 
enlisted  men,  and  when  such  vServices  are  performed  it  is  done  vol- 
untarily and  for  which  the  soldier  gets  extra  compensation  from 
the  officer. 

The  soldier's  life  is  one  of  most  systematic  routine.  His  duties 
are  regulated  to  the  minute  by  the  clock  and  the  bugle.     The  trai   - 


United  States  Military  Service,  159 

ing  cannot  do  other  than  instill  liabits  of  regularity,  punctiliousness, 
politeness,  and  alertness. 

THE  ARMS  OF  THE  SERVICE. 

It  is  usually  allowable  for  the  man  enlisting  to  select  his  own 
arm,  or  branch,  of  the  Service.  It  will  make  but  little,  if  any,  dif- 
ference to  which  arm  of  the  Service  the  candidate  belongs  when 
he  comes  up  for  his  examination.  About  the  only  matter  to  be 
decided  would  be  the.  question  of  his  adaptability  to  the  arm 
selected  and  the  opportunities  for  study  in  his  preparation  for  the 
examinations.  The  recruiting  officer  can  help  in  deciding  the  first 
question,  and  the  latter  can  only  be  found  out  by  investigation  as 
to  the  stations  of  regiments,  the  particular  kind  of  duty  in  which 
they  may  be  engaged,  etc.  Ordinarily,  a  regiment  stationed  in  the 
United  States  would  afford  the  best  opportunity  for  study.  The 
appointments  from  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps  are  made  in  that  arm 
only;  so,  unless  the  applicant  is  seeking  a  commission  in  the  Coast 
Artillery,  he  would  not  want  to  enlist  in  it,  for  he  would  not  be  priv- 
ileged to  take  the  examination  for  any  of  the  other  arms. 

ASvSIvSTANCE  OF  OFFICERS. 

Officers  usually  allow  "every  tub  to  stand  on  its  own  bottom" ; 
l)ut  a  deserving  man  will  have  no  difficulty  in  enlisting  the  active 
assistance  of  his  company  officers  in  his  preparation  for  his  exam- 
inations. There  will  be  found  exceptions,  no  doubt,  but  they  will 
be  rare.  It  will  be  necessary  for  the  candidate  to  show  beyond  any 
question  his  fitness  for  the  position  sought;-  but,  once  he  has  done 
this,  he  will  meet  with  few  obstacles  that  are  not  of  his  own  creation . 
Company  officers  are  always  looking  for  material  for  non-commis- 
sioned officers,  and  a  meritorious  man  is  not  likely  to  remain  long  a 
private  soldier.  .        . 


i6o  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

SOME  POINTERS. 

Always  keep  yourself  cleanly  shaved,  your  shoes  shined,  your 
linen  clean,  your  clothes  pressed  and  clean,  your  "bunk"  neatly 
made-up,  your  locker  in  order,  your  arms  and  equipment  in  order, 
and  your  whole  appearance  soldierly  and  tidy.  Rest  assured  that 
all  of  these  will  be  closely  observed,  and  the  failure  to  come  up  to 
the  standard  will  be  particularly  noticeable  in  your  case. 

The  fact  that  you  are  enlisting  with  the  purpose  of  obtaining 
a  commission  from  the  ranks  need  not  be  heralded  on  the  first  day  of 
joining  to  the  entire  command  ;  that  is,  for  the  present,  strictly  your 
ow^n  affair,  -\fter  you  have  graduated  from  the  "rookie"  class  and 
have  taken  your  place  in  the  ranks  and  are  performing  all  of  a  sol- 
dier's duties  in  a  soldierly  way,  there  could  be  no  reason  why  you 
should  not  ask  permission  to  have  a  talk  with  your  company  com- 
mander and  discuss  the  matter  with  him,  asking  his  advice  on  many 
matters  which  by  this  time  will  have  presented  themselves  to  you 
for  solution. 

Remember  that  thoughts  not  spoken  need  no  explanations. 
Say  little;  see  and  heed  much.  You  will  find  the  old  soldiers  re- 
serve to  themselves  the  privilege  of  "growling."  They  know  how 
to  do  this  without  meaning  what  they  say;  a  new  man  attempting 
it  would  be  misunderstood.  If  there  is  any  "growling"  to  do,  turn 
it  over  to  the  old  soldiers,  and  you  wdll  find  they  will  do  it  justice 
without  any  assistance  on  your  part. 

If  you  have  served  in  a  military  organization  before  enlisting 
in  the  Regular  Army,  it  will  be  just  as  well  to  not  mention  the  fact, 
and  it  will  be  particularly  advisable  not  to  make  comparisons,  even 
to  the  disadvantage  of  your  former  organization.  If  your  prior 
military  experience  has  resulted  in  military  training  of  w^orth,  use 
that  training  in  the  performance  of  your  duties,  and  not  for  pur- 
poses of  self-exploitation. 


CHAPTER  XI. 


The  Enlisted  Men. 

the  enlisted  men  oi^  the  regular  army. requirements  to 

enter  the  service. declaration  of  applicant  for  en- 
listment.  form  of  consent  in  the  case  of  a  minor. oath 

of  enlistment. pay  and  allowances  of  enlisted  men. 

location  of  general  recruiting  stations  for  the  united 
states  army. 

THE  ENLISTED  MEN  OF  OUR  REGULAR  ARMY. 

This  little  volume,  in  addition  to  its  being  a  guide  to  young  men 
in  civil  life  who  are  ambitious  to  become  officers  in  our  Army,  is 
also  intended  as  a  manual  for  the  enlisted  men  of  our  Regular  service 
who  aspire  to  commissioned  rank.  To  submit  it,  with  all  its  imper- 
fections, without  a  word  on  the  enlisted  personnel,  would  cripple 
it  indeed. 

If  the  young  aspirant  for  shoulder-straps  contemplates  securing 
them  by  graduating  from  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at 
West  Point,  or  by  taking  his  examinations  from  civil  life,  he,  of 
course,  will  be  interested  to  know  the  character  of  men  he  is-  to 
command,  once  his  ambition  has  been  realized. 

If  the  aspirant  intends  to  enlist  and  win  his  spurs  by  service 
in  the  ranks,  he  will  have  a  deep  interest  in  learning  of  the  men  who 
are  to  be  his  fellow-soldiers  and  comrades. 

Before  sounding  the  praises  of  the  enlisted  men  of  our  per- 
manent military  establishment,  it  is  well  to  state  that,  like  all  other 
professions  and  vocations,  the  Army  is  made  up  of  men  from  all 
walks  and  conditions  of  life,  and  the  description  of  one  man,  in- 

161 


i62  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

tended  to  portray  the  general  character  of  the  whole  body,  would 
condemn  or  eulogize  individuals  undCvServedly. 

As  a  class,  they  have  proven  themselves  to  be  steady,  honest, 
conscientious,  and  patriotic  men,  whose  devotion  to  duty  during 
the  trying  and  exacting  campaigns  in  the  tropics  in  the  recent  wars 
with  Spain,  the  insurgents  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  the  Chinese 
troubles,  has  elicited  the  admiration  of  the  nations  of  the  world. 
Their  unflinching  bravery,  willingness  to  obey  the  orders  of  their 
superior  ofiicers,  and  their  power  for  execution,  have  won  them  the 
confidence,  affection,  and  ready  praise  of  their  commanders. 

The  casual  and  reckless  observer,  the  professional  sentiment- 
alist, the  "know-all,"  and  the  bigot  have  accused  them  of  being 
drunkards.  To  such  critics  one  man  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  Army,  in  uniform,  seen  intoxicated  on  the  streets  brings 
visions  of  whole  battalions,  brigades,  and  divisions  reeling  in  in- 
ebriety. To  them  it  never  occurred  that  because  a  single  brakeman, 
through  human  weakness,  by  chance  over-indulges  and  becomes 
intoxicated,  it  does  not  necessarily  follow  that  the  entire  railroad 
system  with  w^hich  he  holds  such  an  humble  position  is  staggering 
under  a  load  of  alcoholism. 

But  this  condemning  of  a  class  for  the  shortcomings  of  a 
few  of  that  class  seems  to  be  confined  to  the  enlisted  men  of  the 
Regular  Army. 

To  meet  these  unjust  criticisms  and  the  arguments  of  the  un_ 
just  critics,  a  reference  to  the  enlisted,  man's  unstained  record  from 
Lexington  to  Pekin  is  sufficient.  It  is  a  catalogue  of  fortitude, 
bravery,  devotion  to  duty,  and  of  victories  bought  at  tremendous 
sacrifice. 

At  no  time  since  the  establishment  of  the  standing  Army  has 
the  enlisted  personnel  been  of  a  higher  order  of  intelligence,  morals, 
or  physique  than  at  the  present  time.  Many  young  men  of  excel- 
lent families,  who  are  well  educated  and  of  good  prospects,  are  car- 


United  States  Military  Service.  163 

rying  rifles  as  privates  and  non-commissioned  officers  in  our  Army, 
and  upholding  the  honor  of  "Old  Glory"  at  home  and  in  our  island 
possessions. 

A  man  enlisting  with  the  view  of  obtaining  a  commission  from 
the  ranks  need  not  isolate  himself.  He  will  find  many  excellent 
associates  who  will  welcome  him  to  their  pleasures  and  pastimes 
should  he  merit  it.  Soldiers  are  anything  but  fools,  and  are  not 
long  in  placing  a  man  on  his  proper  level — according  to  his  intrinsic 
worth.  If  the  aspirant  has  the  right  kind  of  stuff  in  him,  the  en- 
listed men,  because  of  their  close  association  with  him,  w411  be  the 
first  to  recognize  it,  and  the  right  kind  of  a  man  will  soon  have  the 
respect  of  his  comrades.  There  is  but  little  jealousy  among  the 
rank  and  file,  and  those  who  are  willing  to  build  are  in  vast  majority 
over  those  who  would  tear  dow^n. 

REQUIREMENTS  TO  ENTER  THE  SERVICE. 

In  all  the  larger  cities  of  the  United  States  general  recruiting 
offices  are  maintained.  At  any  of  them  enlistments  may  be  made 
for  any  arm  of  the  Service  needing  recruits.  Any  questions  re- 
garding the  pay,  allowances,  the  life,  and  duties  of  a  soldier  will  be 
cheerfully  answered. 

An  applicant  is  frequently  held  for  several  days,  at  Govern- 
ment expense,  pending  investigation  into  his  character,  citizenship, 
age,  etc. 

The  following  instructions  pertaining  to  enlistments  are  uni- 
form at  all  the  recruiting  offices,  and  any  deviation  from  them 
cannot  be  made  without  authority  from  the  Adjutant  General  of 
the  Army,  through  whose  department  the  recruitment  of  the  Army 
is  made : 

Applicants  for  first  enlistment  must  be  between  the  ages  of  18 
and  35  years,  of  good  character  and  temperate  habits,  able-bodied, 


164  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

free  from  disease,  and  must  be  able  to  speak,  read,  and  write  the 
English  language. 

No  person  under  18  years  of  age  will  be  enlisted,  re-enlisted,  or 
accepted  with  a  view  to  enlistment,  and  minors  between  the  ages 
of  18  and  21  years  must  not  be  enlisted,  or  accepted  with  a  view  to 
enlistment,  without  the  written  consent  of  the  father,  only  surviving 
parent,  or  legally  appointed  guardian,  to  the  minor's  enlistment. 

Orignal  enlistments  will  be  confined  to  persons  who  are  citizens 
of  the  United  States,  or  of  Porto  Rico,  or  who  have  made  legal 
declaration  of  their  intention  to  become  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

Married  men  will  be  enlisted  only  upon  the  approval  of  a  regi- 
mental commander,  or  other  proper  commanding  officer,  if  for  other 
than  a  regimental  organization. 

Applicants  will  be  required  to  satisfy  the  recruiting  officer  re- 
garding age  and  character,  and  should  be  prepared  to  furnish  the 
necessary  evidence. 

For  infantry,  coast  artillery,  and  engineers  the  height  must  be 
not  less  than  five  feet  four  inches,  and  weight  not  more  than  one 
hundred  and  ninety  (190)  pounds. 

For  cavalry  the  height  must  be  not  less  than  five  feet  four 
Inches  and  not  more  than  five  feet  ten  inches,  and  weight  not  to 
exceed  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  (165)  pounds. 

For  field  artillery  the  height  must  be  not  less  than  five  feet 
four  inches  and  not  more  than  six  feet,  and  weight  not  more  than 
one  hundred  and  ninety  (190)  pounds.  For  the  moutain  batteries 
the  height  must  be  not  less  than  five  feet  eight  inches. 

A  variation  not  exceeding  a  fraction  of  an  inch  above  the 
maximum  height  given  for  cavalry  and  field  artillery  is  permissible, 
if  the  applicant  is  in  good  health  and  is  in  other  respects  desirable 
as  a  recruit. 

The  minimum  weight  for  all  arms  of  the  Service  is  one  hundred 
and  twenty-eight  (128)  pounds,  subject  to  variations  below  that 


United  States  Military  Service. 


165 


standard  as  explained  herein ;  but  in  no  case  will  an  applicant  whose 
weight  falls  below  one  hundred  and  twenty  (120)  pounds  be  ac- 
cepted without  special  authority  from  the  Adjutant  General  of 
the  Army. 

TABLE  OF  PHYSICAL  PROPORTIONS  FOR  HEIGHT, 
WEIGHT,  AND  CHEST  MEASUREMENT. 


H  BIGHT. 

Weight. 

Chest  Measurement. 

Feets. 

Inches. 

Pounds. 

At  Expiration;, 
Inches. 

Mobility, 
Inches. 

5A 

64 

128 

32 

2 

5A 

65 

130 

32 

2 

St". 

66 

132 

32i 

2 

5i\ 

67 

134 

33 

2 

SA 

68 

141 

33i 

2i 

5A 

69 

148 

33i 

2i 

5ll 

70 

155 

34 

2i 

5l2 

71 

162 

34i 

2i 

6 

72 

169 

34i 

3 

6tV 

73 

176 

35  i 

3 

It  is  not  necessary  that  the  applicant  should  conform  exactly 
to  the  figures  indicated  in  the  foregoing  table.  The  following 
variations  below  the  standard  given  in  the  table  are  permissible 
when  the  applicant  is  active,  has  firm  muscles,  and  is  evidently  vig- 
orous and  healthy: 


1 66 


Aspirants  for  Oom^missions  in  the 


Height. 


Chest  at 
Expiration. 


Weight. 


Inches, 
64.  and  under  68 

68  and  under  69 

69  and  under  70 

70  and  upward 


Inches. 


Pounds. 

8 
.     12 

15 
20 


Marked  disproportion  of  weight  over  height  is  not  a  cause  for 
rejection  unless  the  applicant  be  positively  obese. 

Applicants  must  defray  their  own  expenses  while  (raveling  to 
the  recruiting  station. 

The  term  of  service  is  three  3^ears. 

At  the  time  of  the  applicant's  examination  for  acceptance  he 
will  be  required  to  answer  the  following  questions  and  certify  to 
the  same: 

Name... 

Residence   (street  and  house  number,   if  any,   tow^n  or  city,  and 

State)  

Date  and  place  of  birth 

Occupation   

White  or  colored . 

Married  or  single. . 

Name  and  address  of  last  employer,  and  duration  of  employment 

Do  you  know  that  if  you  .secure  your  enlistment  by  means  of  any 
false  statement  or  misrepresentation,  you  are  liable  to  trial  by  court- 
martial  for  fraudulent  enlistment? 

Nationality  of  father.... 

Are  you  a  citizen  of  the  United  States? If  not,, 

have  you  made  application  for  citizenship,  and  if  so,  when  and  in 

what   court?     -. 

State   previous    Army,    Navy,  or   Marine   Corps   service    (United 

States  or  foreign) 

Date  and  place  of  last  enlistment — 

Date  on  which  and  organization  from  which  last  discharged.... 

Are  you  a  member  of  the  organized  Militia  of  any  State,  Territory, 
or  District  of  Columbia  ? j 


United  States  Military  Service.  167 

Have  you  applied  for  enlistment  before  ?    arrd  if  so,  when  and  where  ? 

If  rejected,  for  what  cause?     .— — 

Are  there  any  reasons  for  your  parents  or  other  relatives  objecting 

to  your  enlistment  ? 

Give  names  and   addresses   of   persons   dependent   upon  you  for 

support - - - -— 

Have  you  ever  been  convicted  of  a  felony  or  imprisoned  under  sen- 
tence of  a  court  in  a  reformatory,  jail,  or  j^enitentiary?     

Have  you  found  that  your  health  and  habits  in  any  way  interfere 

with  your  success  in  civil  life?  and  if  so,  give  details 

Are  you  addicted  to  the  use  of  intoxicants  or  narcotics?   and  if  so, 

to  what  extent  ?     

Do  you  consider  that  you  are  now  sound  and  well? 

What  illnesses,  diseases,  or  accidents  have  you  had  since  childhood  ? 

..- >. 

Have  you  ever  had  any  of  the  following  ?  if  so,  give  approximate 
dates: 

Convulsions 

Epilepsy  — - _ 

Gonorrhea 

Sore  on  penis 

Have  you  ever  raised  or  spat  blood? 

When  were  you  last  treated  by  a  physician,  and  for  what  ailment? 

Have  you  ever  been  under  treatment  at  a  hospital  or  asylum,  and  if 
so,  for  what  ailment ? 

I  certify  tliat  the  foregoing  questions  and  my  answers  thereto 
have  been  read  over  to  me,  that  I  fully  understand  the  questions, 
and  that  iny  answers  thereto  are  correctly  recorded  and  are  true  in 
all  respects. 


(Signature  of  applicant.) 

DECLARATION  OF  APPLICANT  FOR  ENLISTMENT. 

Before  taking  the  oath  of  enlistment  the  applicant  will  be  re- 
quired to  subscribe  to  the  following  "Declaration  of  Applicant": 

I,  ...., ,  desiring  to  enlist  in  the  Army  of 

the  United  States  for  the  term  of  three  years,  do  declare  that  I  have 


t68  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

neither  wife  nor  child ;  that  I  am  of  the  legal  age  to  enlist,  and  believe 
myself  to  be  physically  qualified  to  perform  the  duties  of  an  able- 
bodied  soldier;  and  I  do  further  declare  that  I  am  of  good  habits 
and  character  in  all  respects,  and  have  never  been  discharged  from 
the  United  States  Service  (Army  or  Navy),  or  any  other  service,  on 
account  of  disability  or  through  sentence  of  either  a  civil  or  military 
court,  nor  discharged  from  any  service,  civjl  or  military,  except 
with  good  character,  and  for  the  reasons  given  by  me  to  the  recruit- 
ing officer  prior  to  this  enlistment.* 

Given  at this day  of 191 

Witness:     - 

Residence  of  applicant 

Name  and  address  (street  and  house  number,  if  any)  of  person 
to  be  notified  in  case  of  emergency,  giving  degree  of  relationship; 
if  friend,  so  state. 

FORM  OF  CONSENT  IN  CASE  THE  APPLICANT  IS  A  MINOR. 
Should  the  applicant  for  enlistment  be  under  twenty-one  years 
of  age,  the  following  form  must  be  filled  out,  signed  by  the  proper 
person,  and  delivered  to  the  recruiting  officer  before  the  enlistment 
can  be  made : 

I, ,  do  certify  that  I  am  the  of 

_......;  that  the  said is  years  of  age; 

and  I  do  hereby  freely  give  my  consent  to  his  enlisting  as  a  soldier 
in  the  Army  of  the  United  States  for  the  period  of  three  years. 

Given  at .,  this day  of ,  191    • 


Witness: 


OATH  OF  ENLISTMENT. 


The  applicant,  having  satisfactorily  passed  the  physical  exam- 
ination, signed  the  "Declaration  of  Applicant,"  and,  in  the  case  of 

♦Here  is  added  in  the  ca'=»e  of  an  applicant,  for  first  enlistmpnt:  "And 
that  I  am,  or  have  made  legal  declaration  of  my  intention  to  become,  a  citi- 
zen of  the  United  States." 


United  States  Military  Service.  169 

a  minor,  secured  the  consent  of  his  parent  or  guardian,  will  subscribe 
to  the  following  "Oath  of  Enlistmerit": 


United  States  op  America, 


State  of J 

City,  Town,  or  )  [•  ss. 

Military  Post ) ) 

I, ....,  born  in, ,  in  the  State  of 

....,  aged years  and months,  and  by  occupa- 
tion a  ,  do  hereby  acknowledge  to  have  volun- 
tarily  enlisted,  this day  of ,  191...., 

as  a  soldier  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States  of  America,  for  the 
period  of  three  years,  unless  sooner  discharged  by  proper  authority ; 
and  do  also  agree  to  accept  from  the  United  States  such  bounty, 
pay,  rations,  and  clothing  as  are  or  may  be  established  by  law ;  and 
I  do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  I  will  bear  true  faith  and  alle- 
giance to  the  United  States  of  America;  that  I  will  serve  them 
honestly  and  faithfully  against  all  their  enemies  whomsoever ;  and 
that  I  will  obey  the  orders  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  and 
the  orders  of  the  officers  appointed  over  me,  according  to  the  Rules 
and  Articles  of  War. 

(See  instruction  3) [Seal.] 

Subscribed  and  duly  sworn  to  before  me,  this.. day  of 

,  A.  D.  190... 


Recruiting  Officer. 

PAY  AND  ALLOWANCES  OF  ENLISTED  MEN. 
All  soldiers  receive  from  the  Government,  without  cost  (in  ad- 
dition to  their  pay),  rations,  clothing,  bedding,  medicines,  and  medi- 
cal attendance. 


lyo 


Aspira^its  for  Commissions  in  the 


The  following  are  the  rates  of  pay  during  first  enlistment,  as 
fixed  by  law : 


GRADE. 

Master  signal  electrician 

Master  electrician — coast  artillery... _.... 

Chief   musician — band,    engineers,    cavalry,    artillery,    in- 
fantry   

Engineer — coast  artillery 

vScrgeant,  first  class — Hospital  Corps. 

Ivlectrician  sergeant,  first  class — coast  artillery 

vSergeant,  first  class— -Signal  Corps — 

Hattalion  sergeant-major — engineers..... 

Battalion  quartermaster-sergeant— engineers 

Ordnance  sergeant — post  non-commissioned  staff 

Commissary  sergeant — post  non-commissioned  staff 

Quartermaster-sergeant — post  non-commissioned  staff 

Regimental    sergeant-major — cavalry,    field    artillery,    in- 
fantry   - - 

Regimental   quartermaster  sergeant — cavalry,  field   artil- 
lery, infantry 

Regimental  commissary  sergeant — cavalry,  field  artillery, 

infantry ^ 

Senior  sergeant-major — coast  artillery 

First  sergeant — engineers — 

First  sergeant — cavalry,  artillery,  infantry... 

Ma ster  gunner — coast  artillery..... - - - 

Squadron    sergeant-major — cavalry 

Battalion  sergeant-major....field  artillery,  infantry 

Battalion  quartermaster  sergeant — field  artillery 

Junior  sergeant-major — coast  artillery - 

Chief  trumpeter — cavalry,  artillery... - 

Principal  musician — engineers,  cavalry,  artillery,  infantry 

Electrician  sergeant,  second  class — coast  artillery 

Sergeant — engineers,  ordnance,  Signal  Corps — 

Qiiariermaster  sergeant  —  engineers .— 

Drum-major — band,  engineers,  cavalry,  artillery,  infantry 

Color  sergeant — cavalry,  field  artillery,  infantry.... 

Sergeant  —  band... - — 


United  States  Military  Service, 


171 


GRADE. 

Fireman — coast  artillery 

Sergeant — Hospital  Corps 

Cook — engineers,  Signal  Corps 

Cook — band 

Sergeant — cavalry,  artillery,  infantry. 

Quartermaster  sergeant — cavalry,  artillery,  infantry.. 

Cook — cavalry,  artillery,  infantry 

Stable  sergeant — field  artillery 

Corporal— band... 

Corporal  —  Hospital  Corps... 

Corporal — engineers,  ordnance.  Signal  Corps 

Mechanic — coast  artillery 

Chief  mechanic — field  artillery 

Private  —  band. 

Corporal — cavalrv,  artillery,  infantry 

Farrier  and  blacksmith,  saddler — cavalry 

Artificer  — ■  infantry 

Mechanic  —  field  artillery 

Wa  goner  —  cavalry..... 

Private,  first  class — Hospital  Corps 

Private,  first  class — engineers,  ordnance,  Signal  Corps. 

Private  —  Hospital  Corps 

Trumpeter  —  cavalry 

Musician — engineers,  artillery,  infantry 

Private — Signal  Corps,  cavalry,  artillery,  infantry 

Private,  second  class— eno^ineers,  ordnance 


Monthly 
Pay. 


$30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
30.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
24.00 
21.00 
21.00 
21.00 
21.00 
21.00 
iS.oo 
18.00 
16.00 
15.00 
15.00 
15.00 
15.00 


For  continuous  service,  the  pay  of  enlisted  men  is  increased  as 
follows,  viz.:  For  those  whose  initial  pay,  as  set  forth  herein,  is 
$36.00  or  more,  an  increase  of  $4.00  a  month  for  and  during  the 
•second  enlistment,  and  a  further  increase  of  $4.00  a  month  for  and 
during  each  subsequent, enlistment  up  to  and  including  the  seventh. 
For  those  whose  initial  pay,  as  set  forth  herein,  is  $18.00,  $21.00, 
$24.00,  or  $30.00,  an  increase  of  $3.00  a  month  for  and  during  the 
second  enlistment,  and  a  further  increase  of  $3.00  a  month  for  and 


172  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

during  each  subsequent  enlistment  up  to  and  including  the  seventh. 
For  those  whose  initial  pay,  as  set  forth  herein,  is  $15.00  or  $16.00, 
an  increase  of  $15.00  a  month  for  and  during  the  second  and  third 
enlistments  each,  and  a  further  increase  of  $1.00  a  month  for  and 
during  each  subsequent  enlistment  up  to  and  including  the  seventh. 
When  a  soldier  re-enlists  within  three  months  from  the  date  of  dis- 
charge at  the  termination  of  an  enlistment  period,  his  service  is 
continuous  for  the  purpose  of  the  increase  of  pay  provided  herein. 
When  a  soldier  has  been  honorably  discharged  at  the  termination  of 
his  first  or  any  succeeding  enlistment  period  and  re-enlists  after  the 
expiration  of  three  months,  he  is  regarded  as  in  his  second  enlist- 
ment, and  a  soldier  who  receives  an  honorable  discharge  for  the  con- 
venience of  the  Government,  after  having  served  more  than  half  of 
his  enlistment,  is  considered  as  having  served  an  enlistment  period. 

Any  private  soldier,  musician,  or  trumpeter  honorably  dis- 
charged at  the  termination  of  his  first  enlistment  period  who  re- 
enlists  within  three  months  of  the  date  of  said  discharge  is  entitled 
upon  such  re-enlistment  to  an  amount  equal  to  three  months'  pay 
at  the  rate  he  was  receiving  at  the  time  of  his  discharge. 

Qualified  gunner,  first  class,  artillery,  $3.00  a  month  additional; 
qualified  gunner,  second  class,  artillery,  $2.00  a  month  additional; 
qualified  expert  rifleman,  $5.00  a  month  additional ;  qualified  sharp- 
shooter, $3.00  a  month  additional;  qualified  marksman,  $2.00  a 
month  additional.  In  the  Coast  Artillery  Corps :  Casemate  electri- 
cian, observer,  first  class,  and  plotter,  $9.00  a  month  additional; 
chief  planter,  chief  loader,  observer,  second  class,  gun  commander, 
gun  pointer,  $7.00  a  month  additional.  Cavalry  and  Field  Artillery: 
Horseshoer,  $9.00  a  month  additional.  Mess  sergeant,  $6.00  a 
month  additional. 

The  pay  of  enlisted  men  "serving  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
States  comprising  the  Union  and  the  Territories  of  the  United 
States  contiguous  thereto  (excepting  Porto  Rico  and  Hawaii)"  is 


United  States  Military  Service.  173 

increased  20  per  centum,  and  the  time  of  such  service  is  counted 
from  the  date  of  departure  from  the  United  States  to  the  date  of 
return  thereto.  Increase  accrues  on  additional  pay  for  length  of 
service,  gunners,  expert  riflemen,  casemate  electricians,  etc. 

Whenever  a  soldier  is  honorably  discharged  at  the  expiration 
of  his  term  of  enlistment,  or  on  account  of  disability,  his  travel-pay 
is  ample  to  carry  him  to  the  place  of  enlistment. 

By  care  and  economy,  a  soldier  can  save  from  his  clothing 
allowance  a  considerable  sum,  payable  to  him  on  his  discharge. 

The  soldier  can  deposit  his  savings  in  sums  of 'not  less  than 
$5.00  with  any  Army  paymaster,  and  for  sums  so  deposited  for 
the  period  of  six  months  or  longer,  the  soldier,  on  his  discharge, 
will  be  paid  interest  at  the  rate  of  4  per  centum  per  annum.  These 
deposits  are  non-forfeitable  except  by  desertion. 

Soldiers  who  have  served  honestly  and  faithfully  for  twenty 
years,  or  who  have  been  discharged  on  account  of  wounds  received 
or  disease  contracted  in  the  line  of  duty,  are  entitled  to  admis- 
sion to  the  Soldiers'  Home  in  the  city  of  Washington,  District  of 
Columbia. 

After  thirty  years'  service  enlisted  men  are  entitled  to  be  re- 
tired, and  upon  retirement  will  receive  three-fourths  of  the  monthly 
pay  allow^ed  to  them  by  law  in  the  grade  they  held  when  retired, 
$9.50  a  month  additional  as  commutation  for  clothing  and  sub- 
sistence, and  $6.25  a  month  additional  in  lieu  of  quarters,  fuel,  and 
light.  In  computing  time  for  retirement,  credit  will  be  given  to  a 
soldier  for  double  the  time  of  his  actual  service  in  China,  Cuba, 
Philippine  Islands,  Island  of  Guam,  Alaska,  and  Panama. 

A  certificate  of  merit  for  distinguished  service  entitles  a  soldier 
to  $2.00  a  month  additional  while  in  the  Army,  whether  on  the 
active  or  the  retired  list. 

In  case  an  enlisted  man  on  the  active  list  dies  from  wounds  or 
disease  contracted  in  line  of  duty,  his  widow  or  any  other  person 


174  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

previously  designated  by  him  is  entitled  to  an  amount  equal  to 
six  months'  pay  at  the  rate  received  by  him  at  the  date  of  death, 
less  $35.00  or  such  part  thereof  as  is  expended  by  the  Government 
for  interment. 

LOCATION  OF  GENERAL  RECRUITING  STATIONS  OF  THE 
UNITED  STATES  ARMY. 

RECRUIT  DEPOTS. 

Columbus  Barracks,  Ohio;  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo.;  Fort  Lo- 
^an,  Colo.;  Fort  McDowell,  Cal.;  and  Fort  Slocum,  N.  Y. 

RECRUIT  DEPOT-POSTS. 

Fort  Bliss,  Texas;  Fort  Douglas,  Utah;  Fort  George  Wright, 
Wash.;  Jackson  Barracks,  La.;  Fort  Lawton,  Wash.;  Fort  Sam 
Houston,  Texas;  Fort  Snelling,  Minn.;  Vancouver  Barracks,  Wash.; 
Fort  William  Henry  Harrison,  Montana. 

GENERAI^  RECRUITING  STATIONS. 

Albany,  N.  Y.,  513  Broadway. 

Allentown,  Pa.,  201  Commonwealth  Bldg. 

Altoona,  Pa.,  Post-office  Bldg. 

AsheviUe,  N.  C,  3  S.  Main  St. 

Atlanta,  Ga.,  23^  Whitehall  St. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  204  W.  Fayette  St. 

Bangor,  Me.,  67  Exchange  St. 

Bluefield,  W.  Va.,  Thornton  Bldg. 

Boston,  Mass.,  73  Hanover  St. 

Bridgeport,  Conn.,  62  Cannon  St. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  White  Bldg.,  298  Main  St. 

Charleston,  W.  Va.,  601  Kanawha  St. 

Charlotte,  N.  C,  22  W.  Trade  St. 

Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  Loveman  Bldg.,  20  E.  Eighth  St. 

Chicago,  111.,  601  W.  Madison  St.,  14  S.  Canal  St.,  323 
S.  State  St.,  194  S.  Clark  St.,  100  E.  Van  Buren  St., 
488  S.  State  St.,  2133  Wabash  Ave.,  9151  Commer- 
cial Ave. 


United  States  Military  Service.  175 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Burnet  House,  303  Vine  St. 

Clarksburg,  AV.  Va.,  Irwin  Bldg. 

Cleveland,  Ohio,  54  Public  Square. 

Columbus,  Ohio,  222^  N.  High  St. 

Cumberland,.  Md.,  39  Baltimore  St. 

Dallas,  Texas,  346  Main  St. 

Danville,  111.,  34  N.  Vermilion  St. 

Dayton,  Ohio,  Fourth  and  Jefferson  Sts.  . 

Denver,  Colo.,  1705  Lawrence  St. 

Detroit,  Mich.,  212  Griswold  St. 

Duluth,  Minn.,  Torrey  Bldg. 

Kvansville,  Ind.,  214^  Upper  Second  St. 

Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  715  Garrison  Ave. 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  702  Calhoun  St.  s 

Fort  Worth,  Tex.,  513J  Main  St. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  25  Canal  St. 

Hannibal,  Mo.,  220  S.  Main  St. 

Harrisburg,  Pa.,  Bergner  Bldg.,  Third  and  Market  Sts. 

Helena,  Mont.,  Gold  Block. 

Hoboken,  N.  J.,  62  Newark  St. 

Huntington,  W.  Va.,  McCrory  Bldg.,  905  Third  Ave. 

Hutchinson,  Kas.,  5  S.  Main  St. 

Indianapolis,  Ind.,  ^5  N.  Illinois  St. 

Jacksonville,  Fla.,  108  W.  Forsyth  St. 

Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  47  Montgomery  St.,  169  Pavonia  vSt. 

Johnson  City,  Tenn.,  122  Buffalo  St. 

Joplin,  Mo.,  416  Main  St. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  728  Main  St. 

Knoxville,  Tenn.,  405^  AV.  Depot  St. 

Lancaster,  Pa.,  49  N.  Queen  St. 

Lansing,  Mich.,  109  Washington  Ave.,  S. 

Lexington,  Ky.,  139  E.  Main  St. 

Lima,  Ohio,  Market  and  Main  Sts. 

Little  Rock,  Ark.,  Main  and  Markham  Sts. 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  115^  N.  Main  St. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  514  W.  Jefferson  St. 

Lowell,  Mass.,  84  Middlesex  St. 

Macon,  Ga.,  411  Cherry  St. 

Marion,  Ind.,  Fourth  and  Adams  Sts. 

Mattoon,  Ills.,  1506  Broadway. 


17^  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Memphis,  Tenn.,  126  North  Court  Ave. 

Middlesboro,  Ky.,  Scarret  Bldg. 

Minneapolis,  Minn.,  254  First  Ave.,  S. 

Mobile,  Ala.,  217  Dauphin  St. 

Muncie,  Ind.,  403  S.  Walnut  St. 

Muskogee,  Okla.,  Flynn-Ames  Bldg. 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  323  Fourth  Ave.,  N. 

Newark,  N.  J.,  266  Market  St. 

New'Haven,  Conn.,  890  Chapel  St. 

New  Orleans,  La.,  327  St.  Charles  St. 

New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  25  Third  Ave.,  2362  Third  Ave., 
749  Sixth  Ave.,  131  Park  Row,  109  West  St.,  100 
Delancey  St.,  363  Fulton  St.,  269  Broadway,  Brook- 
lyn. 

Norfolk,  Va.,  Columbia  Bldg.,  Granby  St. 

Oakland,  Cal.,  856  Broadway. 

Oklahoma  City,  Okla.,  Patterson  Bldg.,  Main  and  Hud- 
son Sts. 

Omaha,  Neb.,  Thirteenth  and  Douglas  Sts. 

Paducah,  Ky.,  N.  E.  cor.  Second  and  Broadway. 

Parkersburg,  W.  Va.,  310J  Market  St. 

Paterson,  N.  J.,  202  Market  St. 

Peoria,  111.,  415  S.  Adams  St. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  1229  Arch  St. 

Pittsburg,  Kas.,  305 J  N.  Broadway. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  510  Smithfield  St. 

Pittsfield,  Mass.,  21  North  St. 

Portland,  Me.,  205^  Middle  St. 

Portland,  Oregon,  Ainsworth  Block,  Third  and  Oak  Sts. 

Providence,  R.  I.,  402  Westminster  St. 

Pueblo,  Colo.,  i3oi  S.  Union  St. 

Reading,  Pa.,  619  Penn  St. 

Richmond,  Va.,  820  K.  Broad  St. 

Roanoke,  Va.,  Terry  Bldg. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.,  26  K.  Main  St. 

Sacramento,  Cal.,  Stoll  Bldg.,  428  K  St. 

Saginaw,  Mich.,  Heavenrich  Block. 

St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  41 3 J  Kdmond  St. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  cor.  Third  and  Olive  Sts.  and  1835  Mar- 
ket St. 


United  States  Military  Service,  177 

St.  Paul,  Minn.,  327  Jackson  St. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  660  Market  St. 

Savannah,  Ga.,  13  York  St.,  W. 

Schenectady,  N.  Y.,  437  State  St. 

Scranton,  Pa.,  302  Lackawana  Ave. 

Seattle,  Wash.,  335  Pioneer  Bldg. 

Seymour,  Ind. 

Sioux  City,  Iowa,  Massachusetts  Bldg. 

Somerset,  Ky, 

Spokane,  Wash.,  Zeigler  Block,  cor.  Howard  St.  and 

Riverside  Ave. 
Springfield,  111.,  100  East  Side  Square. 
Springfield,  Mass.,  17  Hampden  St. 
Springfield,  Mo.,  College  and  Campbell  Sts. 
Springfield,  Ohio,  High  and  Fountain  Aves. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  Bastable  Bldg. 
Tacoma,  Wash.,  1151  Commerce  St. 
Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  709  Wabash  Ave. 
Toledo,  Ohio,  416  Adams  St. 
Tulsa,  Okla.,  19  S.  Main  St. 
Utica,  N.  Y.,  Arcade  Bldg. 
Vincennes,  Ind.,  13J  N.  Second  St. 
Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  Mutual  Savings  Bank  Bldg. 
Wichita,  Kas.,  Barnes  Bldg.,  E.  Douglas  Ave. 
Worcester,  Mass.,  405  Main  St. 
Youngstown,  Ohio,  338J  W.  Federal  St. 

The  locations  of  many  of  the  recruiting  offices,  especially  in 
the  smaller  cities,  change  frequently,  but  the  new  locations  can 
always  be  easily  located  by  inquiry. 


CHAPTER  XII. 


The  Army. 

the   military   educational   system   of   the   army. rank  and 

precedence  op  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers. 

appoixntments  and  promotions. miutary  division  and  de- 
partments.  authorized  strength. 

No  attempt  can  be  made  in  this  volume  to  give  a  brief  history 
of  the  Army  of  the  United  States,  or  even  a  condensed  outUne  of 
that  organization.  It  is  beHeved,  however,  that  a  very  condensed 
statement  of  those  things  pertaining  to  the  Army  which  seem  up- 
permost in  the  mind  of  the  civilian,  or  the  embryo  soldier,  Avould  be 
of  especial  aid  to  a  large  number  of  young  men  who  are  contem- 
plating a  military  career. 

A  study  of  the  subjects  selected  will  give  a  pretty  thorough  idea 
of  the  military  system.  The  information  is  taken  from  War  De- 
partment publications,  and  is  authentic. 

The  heading,  "The  Military  Educational  System  of  the  Army," 
will  be  of  interest  to  those  wholly  uninformed  as  to  the  means  and 
methods  of  acquiring  efficiency  in  the  military  profession  as  prac- 
ticed in  our  Army.  The  greater  part  of  this  educational  system 
has  been  the  growth  and  adoption  of  recent  years  and  tends  to  show 
the  spirit  of  progressiveness  permeating  every  branch  and  arm  of 
the  Service. 

THE  MILITARY  EDUCATIONAL  SYSTEM  OF  THE  ARMY. 

The  military  educational  system  of  the  Army  comprises  the 
following : 

178 


United  States  Militanj  Service.  179 

1.  The  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  for  the  education  of 
cadets. 

2.  Post  schools  for  the  instruction  of  enlisted  men. 

3.  At  each  military  post  a  garrison  school  for  the  instruction 
of  officers  in  subjects  pertaining  to  the  performance  of  their  or- 
dinary duties. 

4.  Service  schools — 

a     The  Army  War  College,  Washington,  D.  C. 

/).    The  Army  Staff  College,  Fort  I^eavenworth,  Kas. 

c.     The  Coast  Artillery  School,  Fort  Monroe,  Va. 

(/.    The  Engineer  School,  Washington  Barracks,  D.  C. 

c.     The  Mounted  vService  School,  Fort  Riley,  Kas. 

/.     The  Army  Medical  School,  Washington,  D,  C. 

g.     The  Army  Signal  School,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kas. 

Ii.    The  Army  School  of  the  Line,  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kas. 

i.     The  School  for  Bakers  and  Cooks,  Washington  Bar- 

•     racks,  D.  C. 
y.     The  School  for  Bakers  and  Cooks,  the  Presidio  of  San 

Francisco,  Cal. 
k.    The  Army  Field  Engineer  School,  Fort  Leavenworth, 

Kas. 

5.  The  military  department  of  civil  institutions  at  which 
officers  of  the  Army  are  detailed  under  the  provisions  of  law. 

The  detail  of  officers  at  these  institutions  is  announced,  and 
the  regulations  governing  the  courses  of  instruction  therein  are 
issued,  in  orders  from  the  War  Department. 

RANK  AND  PRECEDExNXE  OF  OFFICERS  AND  NON     - 
COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS. 

Military  rank  is  that  character  or  quality  bestowed  on  military 
persons  which  marks  their  station  and  confers  eligibility  to  exercise 
command  or  authority  in  the  military  service  within  tiie  limits  pre- 
scribed by  law.  It  is  divided  into  degrees  or  grades,  which  mark 
the  relative  positions  and  powers  of  the  different  classes  of  persons 
possessing  it. 


i8o  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

It  is  generally  held  by  virtue  of  office  in  an  arm  of  the  Service, 
corps,  or  department,  but  may  be  conferred  independently  of  office, 
as  in  the  case  of  retired  officers  and  those  holding  brevet  rank.  If, 
upon  marches,  guards,  or  in  quarters,  different  corps  of  the  Army 
happen  to  join  or  do  duty  together,  the  officer  highest  in  rank  of 
the  line  of  the  Army,  Marine  Corps,  organized  Militia,  or  Volunteers, 
by  commission,  there  on  duty  or  in  quarters,  shall  command  the 
whole  and  give  orders  for  what  is  needful  in  the  Service,  unless  oth- 
erwise specially  directed  by  the  President,  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  case. 

Officers  of  the  organized  Militia  of  the  several  States,  when 
called  into  the  service  of  the  United  States,  shall,  on  all  detachments, 
courts-martial,  and  other  duty,  wherein  they  may  be  employed  in 
conjunction  with  the  regular  or  volunteer  forces  of  the  United 
States,  take  rank  next  after  all  officers  of  the  like  grade  in  said  regu- 
lar forces,  and  shall  take  precedence  of  all  officers  of  the  Volunteers 
of  equal  or  inferior  rank,  notwithstanding  the  commissions  of  such 
Militia  officers  may  be  older  than  the  commissions  of  the  said  officers 
of  the  regular  forces  of  the  United  States. 

The  following  are  the  grades  of  rank  of  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers: 

1.  Lieutenant-general. 

2.  Major-general. 

3.  Brigadier-general. 

4.  Colonel. 

5.  Lieutenant-colonel. 

6.  Major. 

7.  Captain. 

8.  First  lieutenant. 

9.  Second  lieutenant. 

10.  Veterinarian,  cavalry,  and  field  artillery. 

11.  Cadet,  United  States  Military  Academy. 


United  States  Military  Service.  i8i 

12.  (a)  Sergeant-major,  regimental;  sergeant-major,  senior  grade, 

Coast  Artillery;  (6)  master  electrician,  Coast  Artillery;  mas- 
ter signal  electrician;  (c)  engineer.  Coast  Artillery;  (d)  elec- 
trician sergeant,  first  class,  Coast  Artillery. 

13.  Ordnance  sergeant;  post  commissary  sergeant;  post  quarter- 

master sergeant;  sergeant,  first  class,  Hospital  Corps;  first- 
class  signal  sergeant;  electrician  sergeant,  second  class.  Coast 
Artillery ;  master  gunner.  Coast  Artillery. 

14.  Quartermaster  sergeant  and  commissar}^  sergeant,  regimental; 

chief  musician. 

15.  Sergeant-major,    squadron    and    battalion;    sergeant-major, 

junior  grade.  Coast  Artillery;  color  sergeant;  chief  trum- 
peter; principal  musician ;  battalion  quartermaster  sergeant, 
engineers  and  field  artillery. 

16.  First  sergeant;  drum-major. 

17.  Sergeant;  quartermaster-sergeant,  company;  stable  sergeant 

18.  (a)  Corporal,  {h)  fireman.  Coast  Artillery. 

In  each  grade  and  sub-grade,  date  of  commission,  appointment, 
or  warrant  determines  the  order  of  precedence,  except  as  above 
noted. 

APPOINTMENTS  AND  PROMOTIONS. 

Appointment  to  the  grade  of  brigadier-general  is  usually  made 
by  selection  from  the  Army^  and  usually  from  the  colonels.  The 
President,  however,  may  appoint  anyone  he  wishes,  even  a  private 
soldier.  Within  recent  years  appointments  have  been  made  to  this 
grade  from  the  Volunteers. 

Promotions  in  established  stafi^  corps  and  departments  are  lim- 
ited to  officers  holding  permanent  appointments  therein  and  to  in- 
clude the  grade  of  colonel  will  be  made  by  seniority,  subject  to  the 
examination  required  by  law. 

Promotions  in  the  line  of  the  Army  to  include  the  grade  of 
colonel,  in  each  arm  of  the  Service,  will  be  made  by  seniority,  subject 
to  the  required  examinations. 


1 82  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Surgeons  of  the  Army  enter  the  service,  subject  to  the  examina- 
tion prescribed  by  law,  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  a  first 
lieutenant  of  cavalry.  After  three  years'  service,  they  receive  the 
rank,  pay,  and  allowances  of  a  captain  of  cavalry. 

Chaplains  enter  the  Army  with  the  rank,  pay,  and  allowances 
of  a  first  lieutenant,  mounted.  They  are  commissioned  officers. 
After  seven  years'  service,  they  receive  the  rank,  pay,  and  allow- 
ances of  a  captain,  mounted.  From  time  to  time  the  President 
selects  for  promotion  to  the  grade  of  major  chaplains  having  not  less 
than  ten  years'  service  in  the  grade  of  captain  and  who  have  been 
commended  as  worthy  of  special  distinction  for  exceptional  effi- 
ciency.    The  number  so  promoted  cannot  at  any  time  exceed  fifteen. 

No  candidate  can  be  appointed  chaplain  unless  he  is  a  regularly 
ordained  minister  of  some  religious  denomination ;  is  in  good  stand- 
ing in  such  denomination;  is  recommended  for  appointment  by 
some  authorized  ecclesiastical  body,  or  by  not  less  than  five  accred- 
ited ministers  of  the  same ;  is  not  over  forty  years  of  age,  and  passes 
a  satisfactory  examination  as  to  his  moral,  mental,  and  physical 
qualifications. 

Oaths  of  office  of  officers  of  the  Army  will  l,>e  taken  before 
some  oflicer  who  is  authorized  by  the  law  of  the  United  States  or  l)y 
the  local  municipal  law  to  administer  oaths;  before  the  judge- 
advocate  of  a  department  or  of  a  court-martial,  or  before  the  trial 
officer  of  a  summary  court.  Officers  of  the  Army  other  llian  those 
above  specified  are  not  authorized  to  administer  such  oaths. 

All  officers  below  the  rank  of  major  are  examined,  mentally 
and  physically,  for  promotion.  In  the  Medical  Corpp  the  majors  are 
also  examined. 

All  notices  of  appointment  and  promotions  are  issued  by  the 
War  Department  through  the  office  of  the  Adjutant  General  Of 
the  Army. 


United  States  Military  Service.  183 

MIIvlTARY  DIVISION  AND  DEPARTMENTS. 

For  purposes  of  administration,  the  United  States  and  island 
possessions  are  divided  into  territorial  divisions  and  departments, 
and  commanders  are  assigned  by  the  President. 

The  commander  of  a  territorial  division  or  department  com- 
mands all  the  military  forces  of  the  Government  within  its  limits, 
whether  of  the  line  or  staff,  which  are  not  excepted  from  his  control 
by  the  War  Department.  The  Army  War  College,  the  Army  Staff 
College,  the  Engineer  School,  the  Coast  Artillery  School,  the  School 
of  Submarine  Defense,  the  Army  School  of  the  Line,  the  Army 
Signal  School,  and  the  Mounted  Service  School  in  all  that  pertains 
to  the  courses  of  instruction  or  their  separate  organizations  and  ad- 
ministration as  schools,  the  Military  Academy,  the  Army  Medical 
School  at  Washington,  D.  C,  the  arsenals,  the  general  depots  of 
supplies,  the  general  Service  recruiting  stations,  the  general  recruit 
depots,  the  United  vStates  Military  Prison  and  any  branch  thereof, 
general  hospitals,  such  permanent  fortifications  as  may  l)e  in  process 
of  construction,  and  officers  employed  on  special  duty  under  the 
Secretary  of  War,  are  excepted  from  control  of  such  comm.anders. 
But  in  the  matter,  of  trials  by  general  court-martial  all  officers  and 
enlisted  men  stationed  within  a  department  remain,  nothwithstand- 
ing  the  exemptions  of  this  regulation,  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
department  commander,  to  whom  charges  will  be  forwarded  through 
the  usual  channels. 

A  division  is  generally  commanded  by  a  major-general,  a  depart- 
ment by  a  major-general  or  brigadier-general. 

The  following  are  the  territorial  division  and  departments  of 
the  United  States  and  its  dependencies: 

the:  PHILIPPINES  DIVISION. 

Embraces  the  Department  of  Luzon,  Department  of  the  Vi- 
sayas  and  Department  of  Mindanao;  headquarters  at  Manila,  P.  I. 


1 84  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  LUZON. 

Embraces  all  that  portion  of  the  Philippine  Archipelago  lying 
north  of  a  line  passing  southeastwardly  through  the  West  Pass  of 
Apo,  or  Mindoro  Strait,  to  the  twelfth  parallel  of  north  latitude; 
thence  east  along  said  parallel  to  longitude  124  degrees,  10  minutes 
east  of  Greenwich,  but  including  the  Island  of  Palawan  and  adjacent 
islands,  the  entire  Island  of  Masbate;  thence  northerly  to  and 
through  San  Bernardino  Straits;  headquarters  at  Manila,  P.  I. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  VISAYAS. 

Embraces  all  islands  of  the  Philippine  Archipelago  lying  south 
of  the  southern  boundary  line  of  the  Department  of  Luzon  and  east 
of  longitude  121  degrees,  45  minutes  east  of  Greenwich  and  north  of 
the  ninth  parallel  of  latitude,  except  the  islands  of  Mindanao,  Para- 
gua,  and  all  islands  east  of  the  Straits  of  Surigao;  headquarters  at 
Iloilo,  P.  I. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  MINDANAO. 

Embraces  all  islands  of  the  Philippine  Archipelago  not  included 
in  other  departments;    headquarters  at  Zamboanga,  P.  I. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Embraces  the  States  of  California  and  Nevada,  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  and  their  dependencies;  headquarters  at  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  COLORADO. 

Embraces  the  States  of  Colorado,  Utah,  and  the  Territories  of 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico;  headquarters  at  Denver,  Colo. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  COLUMBIA. 

Embraces  the  States  of  Washington,  Oregon,  and  Idaho  (ex- 
cept that  part  included  in  the  Yellowstone  National  Park),  and  the 
Territory  of  Alaska;  headquarters  at  Vancouver  Barracks,  Wash. 


United  States  Military  Service.  185 

THK  DEPARTMENT  OF  DAKOTA. 

Embraces  the  States  of  Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  Montana, 
and  so  much  of  Wyoming  and  Idaho  as  is  included  in  the  Yellow- 
stone National  Park;  headquarters  at  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  EAST. 

Embraces  the  New  England  States,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  District  of  Columbia,  West  Vir- 
ginia, Virginia,  the  Island  of  Porto  Rico  and  the  islands  and  keys 
adjacent  thereto;  headquarters  at  Govemor^s  Island,  N.  Y. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  GULF. 

Embraces  the  States  of  North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Tennes- 
see, Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama,  Louisiana,  and  Mississippi;  head- 
quarters at  Atlanta,  Ga. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  LAKES. 

Embraces  the  vStates  of  Wisconsin,  Michigan,  Illinois,  Indiana, 
Ohio,  and  Kentucky;  headquarters  at  Chicago,  111. 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  MISSOURI. 

Embraces  the  States  of  Missouri,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  South  Da- 
kota, Wyoming  (except  that  part  included  in  the  Yellowstone  Na- 
tional Park),  and  Kansas;  headquarters  at  Omaha,  Neb.  . 

THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  TEXAS. 

Embraces  the  States  of  Texas,  Arkansas,  and  Oklahoma ;  head- 
quarters at  San  Antonio,  Texas. 


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CHAPTHi^  XIII. 


A  Fe^w  Words  from  a  Soldier's  Dictionary. 

B-ACHE — To  complain. 

Beans — The  commissary  sergeant. 

Bean-shootbr — A  commissary  officer. 

Belly-ache — To  complain.     (See  B-ache.) 

Black  Strap — Liquid  coffee. 

Blind — Sentenced  by  a  court-martial  to  forfeiture  of  pay,  without 
confinement. 

Bob-tail — A  dishonorable  discharge,  or  a  discharge  without  honor. 
The  word  came  from  a  former  custom  in  the  Service  of  cutting 
off  the  bottom  of  the  discharge,  the  "character"  part,  when  a 
soldier  had  been  sentenced  to  dishonorable  dismissal. 

Bob-tailed — Dishonorably  discharged.  Leaving  the  Service  with- 
out "character." 

Bone — To  study;  to  try:  to  earnestly  seek. 

BooT-LiCK — ^To  cultivate  favor  by  sycophantic  methods;  an  obse- 
quious flatterer;  a  parasite. 

Bow-legs— A  cavalryman. 

Bucking  for  Orderly — The  act  of  cleaning  clothing  and  equip- 
ment preparatory  to  going  on  guard  with  the  view  of  being 
adjudged  by  the  adjutant  or  inspecting  officer  the  neatest 
man  at  guard-mounting,  and  consequently  being  selected  as 
orderly  for  the  commanding  officer.     Competing  for  orderly. 

Buck-private — A  term  sometimes  used  in  referring  to  a  private 
soldier. 

Bunk  Fatigue — Lying  on  one's  bunk  during  fatigue  hours;  having 
no  duty  to  perform. 

BuNKiE — The  soldier  occupying  the  adjoining  bunk  or  bed;  a  sol- 
dier who  shares  the  same  shelter  as  a  comrade. 

Bust — To  reduce  a  non-commissioned  officer  to  the  grade  of  private. 

Butter  Chips — -The  mythical  checks  which  recruits  are  often  in- 
structed to  demand  of  the  "top  vSergeant." 
187 


1 88  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Butcher — ^The  company  barber. 

Button  Stick — ^A  flat  piece  of  metal  or  wood  having  a  narrow  slit 
in  the  center  into  which  the  buttons  are  run  when  being  scoured 
with  metal  polish.  The  stick  protects  the  cloth  from  the 
polish. 

Canned  Horse — Canned  beef. 

Canteen  Checks — Brass  checks  of  various  denominations,  having 
a  purchasing  value  at  the  post  canteen. 

Chasing  Prisoners — On  guard  over  prisoners  at  work. 

Chief — Name  by  which  the  chief  musician  of  the  band  is  frequently 
called  by  the  enlisted  men. 

CiT — A  civilian.     (See  Juniper.) 

Cits — Civilian  clothes. 

C.  O. — The  commanding  officer.     (See  K.  O.) 

CoPFEE-cooivER — A  soldier  who  seeks  and  performs  duties  that  ex- 
cuse him  from  the  usual  or  strictly  military  duties  of  a  soldier. 

Coffee-money — Money  paid  soldiers,  when  traveling,  in  lieu  of 
their  regular  coffee  ration. 

CoivD  Feet — Lack  of  courage;  fear;  afraid. 

Commissaries — Food-stuflFs;  groceries;  the  articles  issued  by  the 
commissary  department. 

CoME-AND-GET-iT — A  soldier-cook's  words  to  notify  his  comrades 
that  the  meal  is  prepared  and  ready  to  serve. 

CoMMissiON-BUCKER — An  enlisted  man  who  is  trying  for  a  com- 
mission as  a  second  lieutenant. 

Cook's  Police — ^Men  detailed  to  assist  the  cook  in  the  kitchen. 

Cracker  Line — The  line  of  communication  with  the  base  of  com- 
missary supplies;  sometimes  applied  to  the  transportation 
used  in  bringing  up  the  commissary  supplies  or  rations. 

CrawIv — A  mild  form  of  reprimand.     (See  Jump.) 

Dadiac — A  liquid  polish  used  in  polishing  leather  equipment.  It 
was  well  known  to  the  "Old  Army,"  but  is  now  little  used.  It 
is  also  used  as  a  verb  to  designate  the  act  of  polishing  leather 
equipment. 

Dog-robber — An  enlisted  man  who  works  for  an  officer.  It  is  an 
offensive  term.     (See  Striker.) 


United  States  Military  Service.  189 

Dough-boy — An  infantryman.     (See  Mud-splasher.) 

Dough-puncher — ^The  post  baker. 

Duff — A  plum  pudding. 

Duty  Sergeant — A  company  sergeant  other  than  the  first  ser- 
geant or  the  company  quartermaster  sergeant. 

Fatigue — Work;    any  duties  of  the  nature  of  manual  labor. 

Feed — Food;    rations   victuals;  to  eat. 

Fii^E — A  man;   an  individual;  a  number  on  the  lineal  list. 

Finals — Money  due  a  soldier  from  the  Government  at  the  date  of 
his  discharge. 

Fogy — Five  years'  service ;  the  increase  in  pay  for  five  years'  service. 

Found — Failed;  deficient  in  something,  especially  in  an  exami- 
nation. 

French  Leave — Unauthorized  absence. 

Goat — The  junior  officer  in  the  post  or  regiment.     (See  Shavey.) 

Goaty — Inexperienced ;    unsophisticated ;   awkward. 

Guard-house  Lawyer — An  enlisted  man  who  is  constantly  giving 
free  advice,  especially  to  recruits,  as  to  their  rights,  etc. 

Gun — A  general  term  designating  the  arm  supplied  a  soldier;  a 
rifle,  carbine,  or  revolver. 

Hand-shaker — Same  as  "cofi"ee-cooler." 

Hardtack — Hard  bread;  the  crackers  issued  by  the  commissary 
department  as  a  part  of  the  field  ration;  usually  a  very  hard 
cracker. 

Heelball — A  wax-like  substance  used  in  polishing  leather  and  the 
stocks  of  rifles. 

Hero-stories — Tales  of  reminiscences  told  by  men  returning  from 
field  service  which  are  considered  of  doubtful  veracity. 

Hike — A  march ;  to  march. 

Hobo — The  provost -sergeant. 

H01.D-UP-YOUR-HAND — ^The  act  of  enlisting.     (See  Take  On.) 

Holy  Joe— The  chaplain.     (See  Sky  Pilot.) 

Hop — A  dance. 

"How" — The  Army  toast. 

I.  C. — Inspected  and  condemned. 


IQO  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Jawbone — On  credit. 

Jump — A  mild  form  of  reprimand. 

Juniper — A  civilian;  any  person  not  in  the  military  service.  (See 
Cit.) 

Kitchen  Police — (See  Cook's  Police.) 

K.  O. — The  commanding  officer. 

Lance- JACK — A  lance  corporal ;   an  acting  corporal. 

Leather-pounder — A  cavalryman ;    a  mounted  soldier. 

Locker — A  box  or  closet  in  which  soldiers  keep  their  extra  clothing. 

Long  Tom — The  infantry  rifle. 

Major — Name  by  which  the  sergeant-major  is  called  by  the  enlisted 
men. 

Mess  Hall — The  room  in  which  a  company  or  other  organization 
eats  its  meals. 

Mex — Half.  Comes  from  the  comparative  value  of  Mexican  silver 
money  with  United  States  money. 

Mill — The  guard-house;  a  cell  or  room  in  which  soldiers  are  con- 
fined when  serving  punishment  for  the  commission  of  military 
offenses. 

Mud-splasher — An  infantryman;  a  dismounted  soldier.  (See 
Dough-boy.) 

Mule-skinner — A  teamster. 

Non-com — A  non-commissioned  officer. 

O.  D.— The  officer  of  the  day. 

Officers'  Line — The  quarters  or  houses  where  the  officers  and  their 
families  live. 

Officers'  Row — Same  as  Officers'  Line. 

Old  Issue — An  old  soldier. 

Old  MAN^The  commanding  officer.     (See  The  Old  Man.) 

Old  File — An  old  officer;  sometimes  applied  to  an  old  soldier. 

On  Official  Terms — Not  on  speaking  terms,  except  officially. 

Openers — A  laxative. 

Orderly  BuckEr — A  soldier  who  tries  for  orderly  to  the  command- 
ing officer  when  going  on  guard.     (See  Bucking  for  Orderly.) 


United  States  Military  Service.  191 

Orderly-room — The  company,  troop,  or  battery  office. 

Pills — The  doctor.     Sometimes  applied  to  the  hospital  steward. 

Plum  Duff — Plum  pudding.     (See  Duff.) 

Police — -To  cleanse;  to  free  from  dirt;  to  clean  up  around  the  bar- 
racks or  quarters. 

Pull-through — A  string  used  for  pulling  rags  through  the  bore 
of  a  rifle. 

Punk — Light  bread. 

Q.  M. — The  quartermaster. 

Quarters — The  barracks;    the  houses  where  the  officers  live. 

Ranked  Out — Compelled  to  vacate  quarters  to  a  senior. 

Rear — The  water-closet,  or  toilet-room. 

Red  Tape — ^The  strict  observance  of  form ;  excessive  observance  of 
form  and  routine  in  official  matters. 

Regimental  Monkey — The  drum-major. 

Re-up — To  re-enlist  at  once. 

Rookie— A  raw  recruit. 

Room  Orderly — A  soldier  detailed  to  clean  the  barracks  or  squad- 
room.  His  duties  are  to  build  the  fires,  fill  the  lamps,  and  see 
that  everything  is  in  order  during  his  tour  of  duty. 

Sand  Rat — ^An  officer  or  soldier  on  duty  behind  the  targets  at  rifle 
practice. 

Sawbone — The  doctor. 

ShavEy,  or  ShavE-tail — An  officer  just  appointed  to  the  service; 

usually  applied  to  the  newest  second  lieutenant. 
Shutters — -An  astringent. 
Short  Month — Every  other  month;  so  called  because  25  cents  is 

taken  from  the  soldier's  pay  for  the  support  of  the  National 

Soldiers'  Home  at  Washington. 
Sky  Pilot — The  chaplain. 
Sky  Scout — The  chaplain. 
Sinkers — Dumplings. 
Slapjacks — ^Pancakes. 

Slum — Irish  stew;  a  stew  made  of  meat,  potatoes,  and  onions. 
Slumgullion — Same  as  Slum. 


192  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Soapsuds  Row — ^The  laundresses'  quarters. 

Soi^Di^R — ^To  shirk. 

SouNDiNG-oFF — Voluble  language  of  doubtful  veracity. 

Sow-BELiyY — Bacon. 

Stars  and  Stripi^s — -Beans. 

Striker — A  soldier  who  works  for  an  officer.     (See  Dog-robber.) 

Take  On— To  enlist. 

The  Old  Man — -Sometimes  used  in  referring  to  the  commanding 

officer.     Soldiers  frequently  apply  the  term  to  their  company 

commander. 
Toad-sticker — A  sword. 
To  Take  Another  Blanket — See  Take  On. 
Top  Sergeant — The  first  sergeant. 
Tripoli — A  fine,  gritty  powder,  which,  when  mixed  with  vinegar 

or  alcohol,  is  used  for  polishing  brass  buttons  and  brass  parts 

of  equipment. 
Turn  Out — To  appear  outside  the  barracks  for  police  or  other 

duties. 
Vamoose — Get  away;    get  out. 

Wagon  Soldier— A  field  artilleryman;    formerly  a  light  battery- 
man. 
Wind-jammer — A  field  musician;    a  trumpeter. 
White  Money — Silver  money.     The  word  is  used  by  soldiers  in 

contradistinction  from  canteen  checks,  which  are  usually  made 

of  brass,  and  when  so  made  are  called  "yellow  money." 
Within  the  Limits — ^Within  the  period  which  the  War  Department 

allows  an  enlisted  man  to  re-enlist  in  order  to  get  his  re-enlisted 

pay;  three  months  from  date  of  discharge. 
Wood-butcher — ^The  company  artificer. 
Year  and  a  Butt — A  year  and  a  fraction  of  a  year.    A  soldier  who 

is  started  on  the  second  year  of  a  three-year  enlistment  would 

say  that  he  had  "a  year  and  a  butt"  yet  to  serve. 
Yellow-legs — Cavalrymen. 
Youngster — A  young  officer  in  point  of  years  of  service;  usually  a 

second  lieutenant. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 


Military  Schools  and  Colle^grs. 

military  instruction.  distinguished  institutions,  appoint- 
ment of  honor  graduates. — classification  of  institutions. 
— list  of  institutions  having  army  details. 

Congress  has  authorized  the  Secretary  of  War  to  detail  for  duty 
as  professors  of  military  science  and  tactics  one  hundred  officers 
of  the  Regular  Army  to  be  equitably  distributed  among  the  educa- 
tional institutions  of  the  different  States  and  Territories. 

MIUTARY  INSTRUCTION. 

It  is  the  duty  of  these  officers  to  enforce  proper  military  dis- 
cipline at  all  times  when  students  are  under  military  instruction  and 
to  give  instruction  in  Infantry  Drill  Regulations,  Small- Arms  Firing 
Regulations,  Field  Service  Regulations,  and  the  Manual  of  Guard 
Duty.  The  instruction  must  be  practical.  Theoretical  work  on 
these  and  other  military  subjects  may  be  undertaken  if  the  students 
have  sufficient  time  and  after  they  have  become  efficient  in  the 
practical  work. 

Infantry  drill  and  training  is  considered  paramount.  Instruc- 
tion in  artillery  and  other  branches  of  the  Service  will  not  be  under- 
taken unless  the  instruction  in  infantry  tactics  has  reached  a  satis- 
factory plane  of  efficiency. 

The  main  object  of  the  military  instruction  given  at  these  in- 
stitutions is  to  qualify  students  to  become  efficient  officers  of  in- 
fantry, Volunteers  or  Militia. 

193 


194  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Pupils  under  military  instruction  at  civil  institutions  of  learn- 
ing are  organized  into  companies,  battalions,  and  regiments  of  in- 
fantry, the  organization,  drill,  and  administration  of  which  must 
conform,  as  far  as  possible,  to  those  of  the  Army. 

The  rules  and  orders  relating  to  the  organization  and  govern- 
ment of  the  military  students,  the  appointment,  promotion,  and 
change  of  student  officers,  and  all  other  orders  affecting  the  military 
department,  excepting  those  relating  to  routine  duty,  are  made  and 
jjromulgated  by  the  Army  officer  on  duty  at  the  school. 

vStudents  are  required  to  appear  in  uniform  on  occasions  of 
ceremony,  execution  of  drills,  guard  duty,  and  when  receiving  any 
other  practical  military  instruction. 

The  theoretical  instruction,  where  time  permits,  consists  of 
talks  and  lectures  covering  the  essential  details  of  the  subjects  a 
company  officer  of  infantry.  Volunteers  or  Militia,  should  know. 

These  institutions  are  inspected  annually  by  an  officer  of  the 
General  Staff  of  the  Army,  the  inspections  taking  place  between 
April  ist  and  June  ist  of  each  year. 

DISTINGUISHED  INSTITUTIONS. 

"The  President  of  the  United  States  authorizes  the  announce- 
ment that  an  appointment  as  second  lieutenant  in  the  Regular 
Army  will  be  awarded  annually  to  an  honor  graduate  of  each  of  the 
institutions  designated  as  'Distinguished  Institutions'  for  that  year, 
provided  that  sufficient  vacancies  exist  after  the  appointment  of  the 
graduates  of  the  United  States  Military  Academy  at  West  Point 
and  the  successful  competitors  in  the  annual  examination  of  en- 
listed men.  By  the  term  'honor  graduate'  is  understood  a  gradu- 
ate whose  attainments  in  scholarship  have  been  so  marked  as  to 
receive  the  approbation  of  the  president  of  the  school  or  college, 
and  whose  proficiency  in  military  training  and  knowledge  and  in- 


United  States  Military  Service.  195 

telligent  attention  to  duty  have  merited  the  approbation  of  the 
professor  of  military  science  and  tactics." — G.  O.,  231,  W.  D.,  1910. 
Institutions  having  officers  detailed  to  them  are  supplied  with 
arms,  ammunition,  equipment,  and  military  text-books  by  the  War 
Department. 

CLASSIFICATION  OF  INSTITUTIONS. 

They  are  classified  annually  by  the  officers  of  the  General  Staff 
,who  make  the  inspections,  accc»rding  to  the  following  plan  of  clas- 
sification: 

Class  A.  Schools  or  colleges  whose  organization  is  essentially 
military,  whose  students  are  habitually  in  uniform,  in  which  mili- 
tary discipline  is  constantly  maintained,  and  one  of  whose  leading 
objects  is  the  development  of  the  student  by  means  of  military 
drill,  and  by  regulating  his  daily  conduct  according  to  the  principles 
of  military  discipline. 

Class  B.  State  land  grant  or  agricultural  colleges  established 
under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  of  July  2,  1862,  and 
which  are  required  by  said  act  to  include  military  tactics  in  their 
curriculum. 

Class  B  A.  Any  college  of  Class  B  which  attains  the  state  of 
efficiency  required  for  schools  or  colleges  of  Class  A  shall  be  classed 
as  B  A. 

Class  C.  All  schools  or  colleges  not  essentially  military  which 
maintain  a  course  of  military  instruction  equal  or  superior  in  char- 
acter and  hours  of  instruction  to  that  required  of  institutions  of 
Class  B. 

Class  D.  All  other  schools  or  colleges  at  which  officers  of  the 
Army  may  be  detailed  and  which  do  not  maintain  a  course  of  mili- 
tary instruction  equal  to  that  required  of  institutions  of  Class  B, 
and  at  which  such  instruction  is  regarded  as  nominal. 


196  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

Institutions,  not  exceeding  ten,  whose  students  have  exhibited 
the  greatest  application  and  proficiency  in  military  training  and 
knowledge  during  the  year  are  designated  annually  as  "Distin- 
guished Institutions."  An  asterisk  against  the  name  of  an  institu- 
tion indicates  that  it  is  one  of  those  that  have  been  so  designated, 
the  year  or  years  in  which  it  was  designated  being  placed  after  the 
name  of  the  institution. 


United  States  Military  Service,  197 

LIST  OF  INSTITUTIONS  HAVING  ARMY  DETAILS. 

State.  Name  of  Institution.  Class. 

Arizona University  of  Arizona,  Tucson C 

Arkansas Ouachita  College,  Arkadelphia C 

University  of  Arkansas,  Fayetteville B 

California University  of  California,  Berkeley B 

Mount  Tamalpais  Military  Academy,  San  Rafael A 

The  Harvar(i  School,  Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Colorado State  Agricultural  College  of  Colorado,  Ft.  Collins B 

Delaware Delaware  College,  Newark B 

Florida University  of  Florida,  Gainesville B 

(jreorgia Georgia- Military  College,  Milledgeville C 

North  Georgia  Agricultural  College,  Dahlonega BA 

Gordon  Institute,  Bamesville C 

University  of  Georgia,  Athens B 

Georgia  Military  Academy,  College  Park,  Ga A 

'  Hawaii  Territory  .The  Kamehameha  Schools,  Honolulu A 

Idaho University  of  Idaho,  Moscow B 

Illinois University  of  Illiaois,  Urbana B 

Indiana Concordia  College,  Fort  Wayne A 

University  of  Notre  Dame,  Notre  Dame 

Purdue  University,  Lafayette B 

*Culver  Military  Academy,   Culver   (1906,    1907,    1908, 

1909) A 

Iowa Simpson  College,  Indianola C 

State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City C 

Kansas Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan B 

Kentucky State  University,  Lexington B 

Kentucky  Military  Institute,  Lyndon A 

Louisiana Louisiana  State    University  and   Agricultural    and   Me- 
chanical College,  Baton  Rouge B 

Maine University  of  Maine,  Orono B 

Maryland *St.  John's  College,  Annapolis  (1905,  1909,  1910) A 

♦Maryland  Agricultural  College.  College  Park BA 

Massachusetts . .  .  .Massachusetts  Agricultural  College,  Amherst B 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Boston B 

Michigan Michigan'  Agricultural  College,  Lansing B 

Minnesota *College  of  St.  Thomas,  St.  Paul  (1908-1909) A 

*Shattuck   School,    Faribault    (1904,    1906,    1907,    1908. 

1909) A 

University  of  Minnesota,  Minneapolis B 

Mississippi Mississippi   Agricultural   and   Mechanical  College,    Agri- 
cultural College BA 

Missouri Drury  College,  Springfield C 

Wentworth  Military  Academy,  Lexington A 

Kemper  Military  School,  Boonville A 

University  of  Missouri,  Columbia B 

Nebraska University  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln B 

Nevada University  of  Nevada,  Reno B 

New  Hampshire .  .New  Hampshire  College  of  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic 

Arts,  Durham B 

New  Jersey Rutgers  Scientific  School,  New  Brunswick B 


198  Aspirants  for  Commissio7is  in  the 

LIST  OF  INSTITUTIONS  HAVING  ARMY  DETAILS— Con. 

State,  Name  of  Institution.  Class. 

New  Mexico. ... .  .New  Mexico  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts, 

Agricultural  College C 

*New  Mexico  Military  Institute,  Roswell  (1909-1910) A 

New  York College  of  St.  Francis  Xavier,  New  York  City C 

*St.  John's  School,  Manlius  (1904,  1905,  1906,  1907,  1908, 

1909,  1910) A 

Cornell  University,  Ithaca B 

De  La  Salle  Institute,  New  York  City C 

New  York  Military  Academy,  Cornwall-on-Hudson A 

Riverview  Academy,  Poughkeepsie A 

North  Carolina  . .  .North  Carolina  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts, 

West  Raleigh B 

North  Dakota North  Dakota  Agricultural  College,  Fargo B 

Ohio Miami  Military  Institute,  Germantown A 

Ohio  State  University,  Columbus B 

Ohio  Northern  University,  Ada C 

Wilberforce  University,  Wilberforce  (Colored) C 

Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  Delaware C 

Oklahoma Oklahoma  Agricultural  College,  Stillwater B 

Oklahoma  University  Preparatory  School,  Tonkawa C 

Oregon Oregon  Agricultural  College,  Corvallis B 

Pennsylvania Grove  City  College,  Grove  City C 

Girard  College,  Philadelphia C 

*Pennsvlvania  Military  College,  Chester  (1904,  1905,  1908, 

1907,  1908,  1909,  1910) A 

Pennsylvania  State  College,  State  College B 

Porto  Rico  ...    .  .    University  of  Porto  Rico,  Rio  Piedras C 

Rhode  Island Rhode  Island  State  College,  Kingston B 

South  Carolina. .  .Clemson  Agricultural  College,  Clemson  College BA 

*The  Citadel,  Charleston  (1904,  1905,  1908,  1909,  1910)..  A 

South  Dakota South  Dakota  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic 

Arts,  Brookings B 

Tennessee Sewanee  Military  Academy,  Sewanee C 

University  of  Tennessee,  Knoxville B 

Columbia  Military  Academy,  Columbia.  ...    A 

Texas The  Peacock  Military  College,  San  Antonio A 

West  Texas  Military  Academy,  San  Antonio A 

*Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  of  Texas,  College 

Station  (1 910) : , BA 

Utah Agricultiiral  College  of  Utah,  Logan B 

Vermont *N6rwich  Universitv,  Northfield  (1904,  1905.  1906,  1907, 

1908,  1909,  ]910)\    A 

University  of  Vermont  and   State  Agricultural   College, 

Burlington B 

Virginia .Fork  Union  Military  Academy,  Fork  Union C 

*  Virginia  Military  Institute,  Lexington  (1904,  1905,  1908, 

1907,  1908,  1909,  1910) A 

Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  Blacksburg BA 

Washington State  College  of  Washington,  Pullman B 

University  of  Washington,  Seattle 


United  States  Military  Service.  199 

LIST  OF  INSTITUTIONS  HAVING  ARMY  DETAILS— Con. 

State.  Name  of  Institution.  Class. 

West  Virginia  . . .  .West  Virginia  University,  Morgantown B 

Wisconsin University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison B 

St.  John's  Military  Academy,  Delafield A 

Wyoming University  of  Wyoming,  Laramie B 

Officers  are  detailed  to  the  above  institutions  under  the  pro- 
visions of  Section  1225,  R.  S.,  as  amended  by  the  acts  of  Congress 
approved  September  26,  1888,  January  13,  1891,  and  November 
3,  1893. 

The  following  institutions  have 

OFFICERS  .DETAILED  UNDER  SECTION  1260,  R.  S.,  AND 

THE  ACTS  OF  CONGRESS  APPROVED  MAY  4,  1880; 

AUGUST  6,   1894;  FEBRUARY  26,  1901,  AND 

APRIL  21,  1904. 

State.  Name  of  Institution.  Class. 

California Hitchcock  Military  Academy,  San  Rafael.  ■. A 

St.  Matthew's  Military  School,  Burlingame 

Missouri Blees  Military  Academy,  Macon 

Tevas Carlisle  Military  Academy,  Arlington 


CHAPTER  XV. 


Specimen  Questions. 

The  following  specimen  list  of  questions  has  been  published 
by  the  Adjutant  General's  office  as  a  sample  for  the  information  of 
candidates:  This  list  of  questions  was  asked  in  an  examination  in 
July,  1908.  It  is  not  likely  that  any  of  them  will  be  asked  again, 
but  the  list  gives  an  idea  of  the  scope  of  the  examination.  The 
candidate  should  be  prepared  to  answer  anything  which  can  legiti- 
mately come  vmder  the  head  of  the  subjects  covered. 

ARITHMETIC. 

Each  question  values  10;  total  value,  50. 

1.  At  what  rate  will  $576  earn  $86.40  in  2  years  6  months? 

2.  A  garrison  consists  of  60  cavalrymen,   90  artillerymen,    150 

engineers,  and  225  infantrymen.  A  guard  detail  of  70  men 
is  required.  What  number  should  each  organization  prop- 
erly furnish? 

3.  A  square  parade-ground  is  to  contain  140  acres,   100  square 

rods.     How  long  is  a  side  ? 

4.  Required  the  dimensions  in  inches  of  a  cube  that  shall  have 

the  same  capacity  as  a  box  2  feet  8  inches  long,  2  feet  3 
inches  wide,  and  i  foot  4  inches  high. 

5.  What  is  the  amount  of  $100  at  5  per  cent  compound  interest 

fcr  9  years?     (Use  logarithms  and  geometrical  progression.) 

6.  If  18  men  can  dig  a  trench  30  yards  long  in  24  days  of  8  hours 

each,  how  many  men  will  it  need  to  dig  a  trench  60  yards 
long,  in  64  days  of  6  hours  each  ? 

7.  At  what  time  between  11  and  12  o'clock  are  the  hands  of  a 

clock  opposite  each  other? 

200 


United  States  Military  Service.  201 

8.  (a)     What  is  the  cost  of  painting  a  spire,  in  the  form  of  a 

quadrangular  pyramid,  each  side  of  whose  base  is  18 
feet  and  whose  slant  height  is  80  feet,  at  50  cents  per 
square  yard? 
(6)  What  are  the  cubic  contents  of  a  triangular  pyramid 
the  sides  of  whose  base  are  11,  13,  and  20  feet  and  whose 
,    altitude  is  36  feet? 

9.  By  logarithms,  find  the  value  of* 

(a)    (.07396)  ^ 

3 
(6)     ^.035063- 
10.     Solve  by  logarithms:        .5134 

8.709  X  .0946 

ALGEBRA. 

Each  question  values  10;  total  value,  50. 
T.     Clear  of  fractions  and  reduce: 

X^  — B^       )        iX2-fBX 


)       i     X— I 


XM-2BX-^B2)        (     X— B 

2.  A  merchant  bought  a  bill  of  goods,  which  he  sold  for  $56.00 

and  thereby  gained  a  per  cent  equal  to  the  number  of  dol- 
lars which  the  goods  cost  him.  Required:  The  cost  of 
goods. 

3.  The  sum  of  two  numbers  is  40.     If  three  times  the  smaller  be 

subtracted  from  two  times  the  greater,  the  remainder  will 
be  15.     What  are  the  numbers? 

4.  Three  years  ago  A's  age  was  }  of  B's,  and  9  years  hence  it  will 

be  f  of  it.     What  is  the  age  of  each? 

5.  Upon  a  grocer  being  asked  what  he  paid  for  eggs,  he  replied: 

"Six  dozen  cost  as  many  cents  as  I  can  buy  eggs  for  32 
cents."     What  was  the  price  per  dozen? 

6.  What  fraction  will  be  doubled  when  the  numerator  is  mul- 

tiplied by  4  and  3  is  added  to  the  denominator,  but  will 
be  halved  when  2  is  added  to  the  numerator  and  the  de- 
nominator is  multiplied  by  4? 


8. 


202  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

7.  A  gentlemen  purchased  two  square  lots  of  ground  for  $300. 
Each  of  them  cost  as  many  cents  per  square  rod  as  there 
were  rods  in  a  side  of  the  other.  The  sum  of  the  perimeters 
of  both  was  200  rods.     What  was  the  cost  of  each? 

Divide  100  into  two  parts  so  that  the  sum  of  their  square 
roots  is  14. 

A  regiment  in  garrison,  consisting  of  a  certain  number  of 
companies,  receives  orders  to  send  216  men  on  duty,  each 
company  to  furnish  an  equal  number.  Before  the  order 
is  executed,  three  companies  leave,  and  it  is  then  found 
that  each  remaining  company  has  to  send  12  men  addi- 
tional' to  make  up' the  complement,  216.  Required:  (a) 
Number  of  companies  in  regiment;  (b)  number  of  men  sent 
by  each*  remaining  company. 

A  regiment  of  troops  was  drawn  up  in  a  solid  square  with  a 
certain  number  on  a  side,  when  it  was  found  that  there  were 
295  men  left.  Upon  arranging  the  regiment  so  that  there 
were  5  men  more  on  each  side,' no  more  men  were  left.  How 
many  men  were  there  in  the  regiment? 

GEOMETRY. 
Each  question  values  10;  total  value,  50. 

An  inscribed  angle  is  measured  by  what?  Demonstrate. 
(One  case  will  be  sufficient.) 

A  straight  line  perpendicular  to  a  radius  at  its  extremity  bears 
what  relation  to  the  circle?     Demonstrate. 

The  three  perpendiculars  from  the  vertices  of  a  triangle  to  the 
opposite  sides  meet  in  the  same  point.     Demonstrate. 

(a)  How  would  you  inscribe  a  regular  hexagon  in  a  given 
circle  ? 

(b)  Assuming  the  construction  as  made,  demonstrate. 

In  any  right  triangle,  the  straight  line  drawn  from  the  vertex 
of  the  right  angle  to  the  middle  of  the  hypothenuse  equals  i 
of  the  hypothenuse.     Demonstrate. 


United  States  Military  Service.  203 

6.  If  the  circumference  of  a  circle  be  divided  into  any  number 

of  equal  parts,  the  chords  joining  the  successive  points  of  di 
vision  form  a  regular  polygon  inscribed  in  the-  circle ;  and 
the  tangents  drawn  at  the  points  of  division  form  a  regular 
polygon  circumscribed  about  the  circle.     Demonstrate. 

7.  What  is  the  area  of  a  regular  polygon?     Demonstrate  that 

this  formula  is  true. 

8.  Of  all  triangles  formed  with  the  same  two  given  sides,  that  in 

which  these  sides  are  perpendicular  to  each  other  is  the 
maximum.     Demonstrate. 

9.  Through  any  given  straight  line  an  infinite  number  of  planes 

may  be  passed.     Demonstrate. 
10.     The  lateral  area  of  a  cone  of  revolution  is  equal  to  what? 
Demonstrate. 

TRIGONOMETRY. 
Each  question  values  10;  total  value,  50. 

1.  A  railroad  463  feet  6  inches  in  length  has  a  uniform  grade  of  3 

degrees.     Find  the  total  rise. 

2.  An  engineer  built  a  road  and  found  that  it  rose  117  feet  per 

mile.     Find  the  grade. 

3.  Two  inaccessible  objects  lie  in  a  direct  line  from  the  bottom 

of  an  120-foot  tower  and  are  on  the  same  horizontal  plane 
as  its  base.  .  From  the  top  of  the  tower,  the  angle  of  de- 
pression of  the  nearer  is  found  to  be  57  degrees,  and  that  of 
the  farther  25  degrees  and  '30  minutes.  What  is  the  distance 
between  the  objects? 

4.  In  endeavoring  to  find  the  distance  from  a  tree  A  to  another 

tree  B,  direct  measurement  being  prevented  by  a  pond,  th2 
distances  of  a  point  C  from  each  of  the  trees  were  found  to 
be  as  follows: 

CB,  672  yards. 
CA,  588  yards. 

The  angle  ACB  was  found  to  be  55  degrees  40  minutes. 
Required:     The  distance  between  the  two  trees. 


204  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

5.  A  tower  103  feet  high  casts  a  shadow  upon  the  horizontal  plane 

of  its  base  51.5  feet  in  length.  Find  the  angle  of  elevation 
of  the  sun. 

56  T  50 — 08 — — 2 

6.  A  ladder  38  feet  in  length,  placed  in  a  street,  touches  a  point 

29  feet  6  inches  in  height  on  a  vertical  wall  on  one  side  of 
the  street,  or  a  point  28  feet  in  height  on  the  opposite  wall. 
Required:     The  width  of  the  street. 

(Solutions  other  than  trigonometrical  will  not   be  con- 
sidered. 

7.  From  the  top  of  a  tower  80  feet  in  height  the  angle  of  ele- 

vation to  the  top  of  a  second  tower  on  the  same  horizontal 
plane  is  28°  15',  and  the  angle  of  depression  to  its  foot  is  33° 
08'.  Find  the  distance  between  their  bases,  that  between 
their  tops,  and  the  height  of  the  second  tower. 

8.  The  angles  of  elevation  of  the  top  of  a  flagstaff  from  two  points 

1,237  feet  apart,  on  a  horizontal  straight  line  passing  through 
its  foot,  are  4°  09'  and  26°  29'.     Find  its  height. 

9.  On  a  hill  stands  a  tower  50  feet  in  height,  to  the  top  and  the 

bottom  of  which  the  angles  of  elevation  from  a  given  point 
are  49°  10',  and  44°  37',  respectively.  Find  the  height  of 
the  hill  above  that  point. 

10.     Given: 

Latitude  of  Sandy  Hook 40°  30'  N. 

Longitude  of  Sandy  Hook 74°  05'  W. 

Latitude  of  Queenstown 51°  50'  N. 

Longitude  of  Queenstown... 8°  10'  W. 

Find  the  length  (in  statute  miles)  of  the  arc  of  a  great 
circle  joining  them. 

Note. — ^The  radius  of  the  earth  is  3,963  statute  miles. 


United  States  Military  Service,  205 

SURVEYING. 

Each  question  values  10;  total  value,  50. 

What  is  a  map  ? 

What  is  a  scale?  Name  three  ways  in  which  a  scale  may- 
be stated. 

What  is  a  vernier  scale?  In  regard  to  the  manner  in  which 
read,  how  are  verniers  designated?  What  do  you  under- 
stand by  the  "least  count"  or  ''smallest  reading"? 

Describe  Gunter's  chain. 

Describe  the  Engineer's  chain. 

Given  a  chain  and  pins,  show  how  you  would  continue  a  line 
past  an  obstacle  by  means  of  rectangular  offsets. 

5.  Name  the  adjustments  of  the  transit  (Engineer's). 

6.  What  are  the  objects  to  be  accomplished  in  adjusting  a  wye 

level  ? 

7.  What  are  contours  and  what  three  things  do  they  show? 

8.  How  would   you  determine  a   true  north-and-south  line  by 

means  of  the  sun  and  a  plumb-line  ? 

State  how  you  would  make  locations  by  intersection,  using 
a  plane  table. 

A  map  was  reduced  by  photography  so  that  its  area  was  J  of 
the  original.  The  representative  fraction  on  the  original 
was  2112^- 

A  graphical  scale  was  also  shown  on  the  original.  Should 
any  change  have  been  made  in  either  scale  on  the  photo- 
graphic reduction  ?     If  so,  what  ? 

EXAMINATION  IN  ARMY  REGULATIONS. 
Value  of  each  question,  5;  total  value,  100. 

1.  How  is  military  authority  exercised,  and  to  what  must  pun- 

ishment conform? 

2.  What  is  forbidden  to  superiors? 

3.  What  is  required  as  to  courtesy,  respect  to  superiors,  etc.? 

4.  What  is  the  command  appropriate  to  each  grade  ? 


2o6  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

5.  How  is  the  death  of  an  officer  reported? 

6.  When  an  enlisted  man  is  detached  from  his  company,  what 

paper  will  be  made  out,  by  whom,  and  where  sent? 
How  are  transfers  of  enlisted  men  effected? 

8.  When  a  soldier  deserts,  what  steps  are  taken  and  by  whom? 

9.  In  how  many  ways  may  an  enlisted  man  be  discharged  ?     Name 

them. 

In  case  of  the  death  of  a  soldier,  what  is  the  duty  of  his  im- 
mediate commander? 

In  cavalry  and  infantry,  what  is  the  administrative  unit? 
What  station  is  the  headquarters  of  a  regiment?  Upon 
whom  does  the  command  of  a  regiment  devolve  during  the 
absence  of  the  colonel? 

12.  Who  is  responsible  for  the  discipline  of  the  company?     What 

constitutes  discipline? 

13.  What  is  a  "roster''  and  how  kept? 

14.  Of  whom  does  the  Militia  consist? 

15.  Who  are  the  proper  officers  to  administer  oatlis  in  the  admin- 

istration of  the  affairs  of  the  Army? 

16.  To  how  many  subjects  may  an  official  letter  refer,  and  how 

will  a  letter  be  folded,  who  "briefs"  it,  and  how? 

17.  Who  have  power  to  place  officers  in  arrest? 

18.  What  records  are  kept  in  a  company? 

19.  What  is  the  company  fund,  who  is  the  custodian  of  this  fund, 

and  how  is  it  handled? 

20.  Through  what  agencies  is  damaged  property  disposed  cf  ? 


^0. 

Page. 

Vail 

I 

2 

5 

2 

20 

5 

3 

32 

lO 

4 

66 

lO 

United  States  Military  Service,  207 


INTERNATIONAL  LAW  (Davis). 


Define  "international  law." 

From  what  principal   sources  is  interna- 
tional law  derived  ? 

What    is   meant    by    "government,"    and 
what  kinds  of  government  are  there? 

In  what  ways  may  a  State  acquire  ter- 
ritory ? 

91  15  What  is  meant  by  the  "perfect  rights"  of 

a  State,  and  name  the  most  important 
perfect  rights? 

no  15  What  is  the  Monroe  Doctrine?     State  its 

political  principle. 

157  10  Distinguish    between    "citizenship"    and 

"domicile." 

250  10  How  are   questions  of   international  law 

settled?     Give  proceedings,  and  define 
the  different  methods. 

288  10  What  is  meant  by  the  "laws  of  war,"  and 

what  are  the  principal  subjects  treated 
of  by  the  laws  of  war? 

395  10  What  in  general  are  the  neutral  duties  of 

a  State? 


208 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 


No. 


THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Article. 


I., 

Sec.  8 


III., 
Sec.  3 

IV., 
Sec.  3 

v., 

VI., 

Amend. 

1-3-4 
7-14 

Amend . 
14-15 

I.,  Sec.  9 

III.,  Sec.  2-3 

Amend.  5-8 


I.,  Sec.  10 
Amend. 

5-14 


Value. 
10 


15 


What    departments    of    government 
does  the  Constitution  create? 


Name  generally  the  powers  vested  in 
the  Congress  by  the  Constitution. 

In  what  does  treason  consist? 


How  may  new  States  be  formed,  and 
under  what  restrictions? 

How  may  the  Constitution  be  amend- 
ed? 

What  does  the  Constitution  declare  to 
be  "the  supreme  law  of  the  land"? 


What  civil  rights  are  guaranteed  by 
the  Constitution? 


What  political  privileges  are  provided 
for  by  the  Constitution? 


What  protections  are  provided  by  the 
Constitution  to  persons  accused  of 
crime  ? 


What  protection  does  the  Constitution 
give  to  contracts  and  property? 


United  States  Military  Service,  2  09 

EXAMINATION  IN  HISTORY. 
Value  of  each  question,  5;  total  value,  100. 

GENERAL  HISTORY. 

1.  Of  what  great  nations  do  we  have  the  earliest  authentic  his- 

torical knowledge?  Where  were  they  located  and  of  what 
races  of  men  were  they  composed  ?  What  is  the-  estimated 
antiquity  of  their  civilization? 

2.  What  great  foreign  wars  first  threatened  Greek  civilization? 

Give  names  of  principal  leaders  on  both  sides,  decisive  bat- 
tles, and  approximate  dates. 

3.  What  were  the  "Punic  Wars"?     Give  short  description,  with 

causes,  approximate  dates,  leaders  decisive  battles,  and 
results. 

4.  What  were  the  principal  causes  of  the  decline  and  fall  of  the 

Roman  Empire?  Give  the  principal  events  leading  thereto, 
with  approximate  dates. 

5.  Describe  the  feudal  system.     Give  the  causes  which  led  to  its 

development,  the  causes  of  its  decay,  and  the  great  events 
leading  thereto. 

6.  What  great  events  occurred  in  the  latter  part  of  the  fifteenth 

century,  A.  D.,  which  marked  the  close  of  medieval  and  the 
beginning  of  modern  history?  Give  a  description  of  these 
events,  with  approximate  dates. 

7.  What  nation  of  Europe  was  most  powerful  in  the  early  period 

of  modern  history?  Who  Were  its  principal  rulers  and 
through  what  wars  and  decisive  battles  did  it  lose  its  pres- 
tige ?     Give  approximate  dates. 

8.  What  was  the  "Thirty  Years'  War"?     Give  its  dates,  causes, 

principal  leaders,  and  results. 

9.  Give  a  short  sketch  of  the  principal  events  in  Europe  from 

1789  to  1815. 

10.  Give  the  principal  wars  of  the  world  from  the  downfall  of  Na- 
poleon to  1877,  with  dates,  nations  involved,  causes,  and 
results. 


2IO  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 


HISTORY  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Name  the  original  settlements  on  the  eastern  coast  of  North 
America.     When  and  by  whom  were  they  made? 

In  what  wars  were  the  original  Colonies  involved?  Give  their 
causes,  principal  events,  and  results. 

What  were  the  causes  of  the  American  Revolution?  Explain 
fully  the  circumstances  in  each  case. 

Give  a  summary  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  with  leaders,  cam- 
paigns, and  battles,  with  their  dates  and  results. 

Describe  the  condition  of  the  States  at  the  close  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary War,  their  form  of  -government,  and  the  causes 
which  led  to  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution. 

Give  the  causes  of  the- War  of  1812,  or  second  war  of  inde- 
pendence, its  principal  events,  with  dates  and  results. 

What  were  the  causes  of  the  Mexican  War,  its  leaders,  principal 
battles,  with  dates  and  results. 

What  were  the  causes  of  the  Civil  War?  Explain  each  in 
detail. 

Give  a  summary  of  the  Civil  War,  with  its  principal  battles 
their  dates  and  results,  its  leaders,  and  the  results  of  the  war' 

Give  the  limits  of  the  original  States  and  describe  the  territorial 
expansion  of  the  country  to  its  present  limits,  givi.tg  dates 
and  circumstances  of  each  territorial  acquisition. 


EXAMINATION  IN  GEOGRAPHY. 
\'alue  of  each  question,  5;  total  value,  100. 

Name  the  continents  or  grand  divisions  of  the  earth.  VVhicli 
are  north  of  the  Ecjuator?  Which  south?  The  Equator 
crosses  which? 

Name  the  oceans.  Name  the  principal  mountain  ranges  of 
the  earth. 

Name  the  political  divisions  of  Europe. 


United  States  Military  Service.  211 

4.  Name  the  States  which  border  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.     On  the 

Atlantic  Ocean.     On  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

5.  Between -what  States  does  the  Ohio  River  flow?     The  Missis- 

sippi?    Where  does  the  Mississippi  River  rise? 

6.  By  boat  going  from  Duluth  to  Quebec,  through  what  lakes, 

canals,  locks,  and  rivers  do  you  pass? 

7.  Bound  the  State  of  Colorado. 

8.  Name  twelve  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  United  States,  and 

name  the  States  in  which  those  given  are  situated. 

9.  What  States  and  countries  would  you  traverse  going  by  land 

from  Chicago,  111.-,  to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama? 

10.  Name  six  of  the  largest  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  the 

capital  of  those  islands. 

11.  Name  the  political  divisions  of  South  America. 

12.  Name  the  political  divisions  of  North  America. 

13.  What  bounds  the  United  States  on  the  north?     On  the  south? 

14.  Name  the  principal  islands  of  the  West  Indies. 

15.  Name  the  countries  of  Europe,  Asia,  and  Africa  which  border 

on  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 

16.  Where  are  the  Aleutian  Islands? 

17.  In  what  general  direction  does  the  Gulf  Stream  flow?     The 

Japanese  Current? 

18.  Where    is    Hudson    Bay?     Bay    of    Fvmdy?     Puget    Sound? 

Gulf  of  Campeche  ? 

10.     Where  is   Mount   St.   Elias?     Pike's  Peak?     Mount   Rainier? 
Mount  Chimborazo? 

20.     Name  three  great  rivers  of  South  America  and  three  of  North 
America.     Give  source  and  waters  into  which  each  one  flows. 


212  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

ENGLISH  GRAMMAR. 

Value  of  each  question  indicated  after  number. 


No.        Value. 

1  5         Give   the   principal   parts   (present   indicative,   past 

indicative,  and  past  participle)  of  the  following 
verbs:  Seek,  drink,  shed,  awake,  go,  shine,  lay, 
thrust,  slay,  lie  (to  recline). 

2  15         Parse  the  following  sentence : 

"Go  tell  the  Spartans,  thou  that  passest  by, 
That  here,  obedient  to  her  laws,  we  lie." 

3  5         Give    the    plurals   of   the   following   nouns:     Thief, 

child,  sheep,  index,  datum,  politics,  cherub,  gen- 
ius, phenomenon,  court-martial. 

4  2.5      State  the  gender  of  the  following  words  and  give 

the  word  of  opposite  gender  (masculine  or  fem- 
inine) :     Stag,  executor,  peacock,  goose,  doctor. 

5  "2.5      Give   the   possessive   case,    singular  and   plural    (if 

any)  of  the  following  nouns:  Lady,  conscience, 
ox,  Charles,  son-in-law. 

6  2         Give  the  inflections  of  the  relative  pronouns  "who" 

and  "w^hich." 

7  1.5      Give   three   sentences   showing   the  use  of   "that" 

(i)  as  a  relative  pronoun,  (2)  as  a  demonstrative, 
(3)  as  a  conjunction. 

8  15         Write  the  following  paragraph,  correcting  errors  in 

spelling  and  punctuation: 

Whether  these  unparreleled  outrages  furnish  a  sufishent  plee 
to  the  spainards  for  there  invasion.  Whether  we  are  content  to 
find  a  warant  for  it  in  the  naturel  rites  and  demands  of  civilisation 
It  is  unecessary  to  discuss  it  is  more  materiel  too  enquire  whether 
asuming  the  rite  The  conquest  of  mexico  was  conducted  with  a 
propper  regard  to  the  clames  of  humanity  And  hear  we  must  admit 
that  with  all  alowence  for  the  ferosity  of  the  age  and  the  laksity  of 


United  States  Military  Service.  213 

its  principals  There  are  pasages  which  every  spainard  who  cherishes 
the  faim  of  his  countreymen  would  be  glad  to  see  expunged  from 
there  Historey  pasages  not  too  be  vindicated  on  the  score  of  self 
defense  or  off  neccesity  and  which  must  leave  a  dark  spot  on  the 
anals  of  the  conquest  the  aztec  monarky  fell  by  its  own  sub  jects 
under  thee  direction  of  uropeen  sagasity  and  sience  had  it  been 
united  It  might  have  biden  deiiens  to  the  invaiders  as  it  was  the 
capitol  Was  disevered  from  the  rest  of  the  countrey  And  the  bolt 
which  might  have  past  of  comparitively  harmles  had  the  empire 
been  semmented  by  a  common  principle  of  loyilty  now  found  its 
weigh  into  every  crack  and  crevise  of  the  ilcompacted  fabrick  and 
who  shall  lamment  it's  fall 

EXAMINATION. 


Mo,        Value. 
9  2         Give  the  general  rule  for  the  formation  of  the  com- 

parative and  superlative  degrees  of  adjectives. 

10  2         Give  the  comparative  and  superlative  forms  (if  any) 

of  the  following  adjectives:  well,  outrageous, 
near,  round. 

11  2         What  is  an  auxiliary  verb?     Give  five  verbs  of  this 

class. 

12  15         Give  a  synopsis  of  the  verb  "to  teach"  in  the  second 

person  plural  of  all  the  moods  and  tenses,  active 
and  passive  voices.  (Use  affirmative  form  of  con- 
jugation only.) 

13  2         What  parts  of  speech  are  modified  by  the  adverb? 

Give  examples. 

14  2         Give  six  pairs  of  correlative  conjunctions. 

15  1-5      Give  three  short  sentences  showing  the  word  "but"  : 

(i)  as  a  preposition;  (2)  as  a  conjunction;  (3)  as 
an  adverb. 

16  20         Correct   (if  wrong)   the  following  sentences,   giving 

reasons  in  each  case : 


214  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

(a)  He  feared  the  enemy  might  fall  upon  his  men 

whom  he  saw  were  off  their  guard. 

(b)  A  bundle  of  papers  was  produced  and  such  par- 

ticulars as  the  following  detailed. 

(c)  It  is  easier  said  than  done. 

{(i)    The  insult  was  offered  to  my  friend,  he  whom  I 

loved  as  a  brother. 
(e)    Neither  gold  or  silver  are  so  useful  as  iron. 
(/)    The  doctor  said  in  his  lecture  that  fever  always 

produced  thirst, 
(g)    His  work  is  one  of  the  best  that  has  ever  ap- 
peared. 
(h)    I  intended  to  have  written  you  last  week. 
(i)     I  should  prefer  being  right  than  being  President. 
(j)     Let   the   able-bodied   fight   and   they   that   are 
feeble  do  guard  duty  at  home. 
17  5         Analyze  the  following  sentence: 

A  soldier  hardened  to  the  exposures  of  campaign, 
will  probably  laugh  when  he  sees  the  recruit  that 
joined  last  week  shivering  on  the  river  bank. 

EXAMINATION  IN  CHEMISTRY. 
No.        Weight. 

1  ID       Explain  the  difference  between  a  chemical  compound 

and  a  mechanical  mixture. 

2  10       What  are — 

(a)  Acids?     (6)   Bases?     (c)  Salts? 

3  10       What  is  meant  by  the  atomic  weight  of  an  element? 

4  10       Given  the  equation — 

H2SO4  +  Zn  =  ZnSO^  +  H2. 
What  is  the  valency  of  zinc?     Of  the  radical  SO 4  ? 

5  10       Assuming  that  the  weight  of  the  hydrogen  gas  lib- 

erated in  the  reaction  expressed  by  the  above 
equation  was  i  gram,  what  was  the  weight  of  the 
zinc  dissolved  ?     Of  the  zinc  sulphate  formed  ? 


United  States  Military  Service.  215 

No.  Weight. 

6  5       The  valency  of  barium  is  2;    what  is  its  equivalent 

weight  ? 

7  10       The  valency  of  chlorine  is  i.     What  is  the  weight  of 

chlorine  in  i  gram  of  barium  chloride? 

8  5       When    i   cubic  foot   of  hydrogen  combines  w4th  3 

cubic  feet  of  nitrogen,  what  volume  of  NH3  is 
formed  ? 

9  10       All  nitrates  are  soluble  in  w^ater  and  all  carbonates, 

except  those  of  alkalies,  are  insoluble  in  water. 
WVite  the  equation  to  express  the  reaction,  Ba(N03)  2 
-V  K2CO3  1=  ,  the  valency  of  potassium  being 
I.  If  the  weight  of  barium  nitrate  used  in  this 
reaction  was  10  grams,  w^hat  were  the  weights  of 
new^  substances  formed  ? 

10  20       Given  CH^  ^  2(02  4'  4N2),  air  =  CO^  +  2H2O  + 

4N2,  and  assuming  the  weight  of  i  cubic  foot  of 
hydrogen  to  be  0.0057  pounds,  how  many  cubic 
feet  of  air  will  be  required  to  burn  10  pounds  of 
CH4? 


2l6 


Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 


TABLE  OF  ATOMIC  WEIGHTS. 

[Report   of   Committee   on   Atomic  Weights,   American   Chemical 
Society,  1902.] 


Aluminum   —-  26.9 

Antimony  1 19-5 

Argon   -— -  39-6 

Arsenic  — 74-45 

Barium  136.4 

Bismuth   . 206.5 

Boron   —   10.9 

Bromine — -  79-35 

Cadmium   iii-55 

Caesium  i3^-9 

Calcium 39-8 

Carbon   -  11.9 

Cerium    138.0 

Chlorine    35- 18 

Chromium 5^-7 

Cobalt  58.55 

Columbium 93.0 

Copper ..— -  63.1 

Erbium 164.7 

Fluorine   18.9 

Gadolinium 1 55- 2 

Gallium 69.5 

Germanium    — ..  7^-9 

Glucinum 9-o 

Gold...... -195-7 

Helium  3-93 

Hydrogen  i.ooo 

Indium  1 3 1  •  ^ 

Iodine 125.89 

Iridium  191 -7 

Iron  55-5 

Krypton 81.15 

Lanthanum i37-6 

Lead   .....205.36 

Lithium 5-97 

Magnesium 24.1 

Manganese  54-6 

Mercury 198.50 

Molybdenum  95-3 


Neodymium 142.5 

Neon  19.8 

Nickel 58.25 

Nitrogen  13-93 

Osmium    189.6 

Oxygen  15-88 

Palladium 106. 2 

Phosphorus 30. 7  5 

Platinum ...193.4 

Potassium 38.82 

Praseodymium 1 39.4 

Rhodium.... 102.2 

Rubidium  84.75 

Ruthenium 100.9 

Samarium 149.2  ? 

Scandium 43-8 

Selenium 78.6 

Silicon  --  28.2 

Silver 107. 11 

Sodium 22.88 

Strontium  86.95 

Sulphur 31-83 

Tantalum ..181. 5 

Tellurium .126.1 

Terbium 158.8 

Thallium 202.61 

Thorium 230.8 

Thulinum -169.4 

Tin .....1 18. 1 

Titanium 47-8 

Tungsten.-.. 182.6 

Uranium  ..-.. 237.8 

Vanadium 51-O 

Xenon  127- 

Ytterbium 1 7 1 -9 

Yttrium    88.3 

Zinc 64.9 

Zirconium 89.7 


United  States  Military  Service.  217 

QUESTIONS  ON  ELECTRICITY. 

No.        Weight. 

1  10  Name  and  define  the  electrical  units  of  E.  M.  F., 

resistance,  inductance,  power,  and  energy. 

2  15  Give  the  expression  for  Ohm's  law  as  applied  to  an 

electrical  circuit;  as  applied  to  part  of  an  elec- 
trical circuit. 
Ten  Leclanche  cells,  each  1.4  volts  and  internal  re- 
sistance of  0.4  ohm,  are  arranged  in  parallel  and 
are  connected  to  an  external  resistance  of  100 
ohpis.  What  current  will  flow  through  the  circuit  ? 

3  10  Name  the  materials  of  a  cell  to  be  used  on  closed 

circuit  work;  of  one  to  be  used  on  open  circuit 
work. 

4  20  A  motor  whose  back  E.  M.  F.  at  its  running  speed 

is  100  volts  is  supplied  from  constant  potential 
mains  at  no  volts;  the  resistance  through  the 
motor  between  its  terminals  is  o.  i  ohm.  What 
current  is  the  motor  receiving?  Assuming  that 
nine-tenths  of  the  electric  power  delivered  to  the 
motor  is  developed  on  the  pulley,  find  the  horse- 
power which  is  transmitted  by  this  motor. 

5  30  Describe  briefly  and  with  diagram  how  to  measure 

resistances  under  the  following  conditions: 
(a)    Using  ammeter  and  voltmeter. 
(/>)    Using  a  standard  known  resistance  and  a 

voltmeter.  ,v*(  , 

(c)     Using  a  WheatstoneM^ridge  and    galvan- 
ometer. 
Illustrate  each  case  by  assuming  data  which  would 
be   obtained   in  an  experiment  for  determining 
the  resistance  by  each  method  and  calculate  the 
resistance  for  each  set  of  data  assumed. 

6  15  What  is  meant  by  an ''induced  current"?    What  is 

a  practical  method  of  obtaining  such  a  current? 
Upon  what  does  the  E.  M.  F.  of  an  induced 
current  depend? 


2i8  Aspirants  for  Commissions  in  the 

QUESTIONS  IN  ELEMENTARY  MECHANICS. 

No.        Weight. 

I  5  Define   mechanics,    matter,    mass,    physical   quan- 

tity. In  what  three  fundamental  units  may  all 
physical  quantities  be  expressed?  What  are  the 
two  systems  of  units  in  general  use  for  measur- 
ing physical  quantities?  Name  the  fundamental 
units  in  each  of  these  systems. 
1.2  lo  Give  the  equation  from  which  the  distance  passed 

over  by  a  body  in  a  given  time  may  be  obtained 
w^hen  it  is  traveling  with  a  uniform  velocity;  il- 
lustrate by  an  example.  Find  the  velocity  at 
the  end  of  four  seconds  of  a  body  which  has  a 
uniform  acceleration  of  32  feet  per  second.  De- 
fine angular  velocity;  illustrate  by  a  diagram. 

3  15  Define    force;  give    the    expression    for    the    force 

which,  acting  on  a  body  of  mass  M,  would  pro- 
,  duce  an  acceleration  A,     If  V  be  the  velocity  at 

any  time,  give  the  expression  for  the  momentum 

of  the  body. 
AVhat  is  the  numerical  expression  for  horsepower? 

(British  units.) 
How  many  heat  units  corrspond  to  100  horsepower? 

(British   system.)     Give   the   general  expression 

connecting  heat  and  work  units;  explain  what 

each  factor  of  the  expression  is. 

4  10  Find  the  resultant  in  intensity  and  direction  of  the 

forces  whose  directions  and  intensities  are  given 
in  the  lines  below. 

[See  diagram.] 
When  is  a  system  of  forces  in  equilibrium?     Illus- 
trate by  diagram. 

5  10  LL  is  a  needle  free  to  rotate  in  a  horizontal  plane 

about  the  point  P.  F  and  F'  are  the  forces 
acting  upon  it.  Is  the  needle  at  rest  for  its  pres- 
ent position?  If  not,  show  position  for  equi- 
librium; give  the  expression  for  the  moment  of 
each  force  tending  to  produce  rotation  from  the 
present  position. 

[See  diagram.] 


United  States  Military  Service,  219 

QUESTIONS  IN  ELEMENTARY  MECHANICS. 

No.         Weight. 

6  10  Make  a  diagram  illustrating  the  principle  of  the 

hydraulic  jack  and  explain  it.  Assume  data  and 
illustrate  the  application  of  the  principle  in  lift- 
ing heavy  weights. 

7  10  A  body  falls  freely  from  a  height  of  320  feet.     As- 

sume g  =  32.  With  what  velocity  will  it  strike 
the  ground?  What  is  its  acceleration  when  20 
feet  from  the  ground  ?  What  is  the  time  occu- 
pied in  falling  the  distance,  320  feet. 

8  10  A  well  100  feet  deep  and  10  feet  in  diameter  is  full 

of  water.  How  much  work  is  done  if  the  well  is 
pumped  dry,  the  water  being  discharged  at  the 
surface  with  a  velocity  of  32  feet  per  second? 
Assume  g  =:  32  and  i  cubic  foot  ot  water  =  63 
pounds. 

9  10  A  car  runs  upon  a  level  circular  track  with  its 

center  of  gravity  4  feet  higher  than  the  top  of 
the  rails,  the  width  of  the  track  being  4  feet  and 
the  radius  of  curvature  481  feet.  What  is  the 
limit  of  speed  of  the  car  to  avoid  overturning? 

10  10  The  weight  of  a  sphere  2  feet  in  diameter  is  1,000 

pounds.  It  is  suspended  by  a  rope  and  wholly 
immersed  in  water.  Find  the  tension  on  the 
cord  and  the  specific  gravity  of  the  body. 


14  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

LOAN  DEPT. 

This  book  is  due  on  the  last  date  stamped  below,  or 

on  the  date  to  which  renewed. 

Renewed  books  are  subject  to  immediate  recall. 


MAR  9  ^^^-, 


APR  10 '68-1 


1 


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